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Hettiarachchi DK, Rostás M, Sullivan JJ, Jackman S, van Koten C, Cripps MG. Plant phylogeny determines host selection and acceptance of the oligophagous leaf beetle Cassida rubiginosa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4694-4703. [PMID: 37450765 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting the host range of biocontrol agents is important for the safe and effective implementation of biocontrol of weeds. In this study, we examined the phylogenetic pattern of host selection and acceptance by the biocontrol beetle, Cassida rubiginosa. The beetle was released in New Zealand for control of Cirsium arvense, its primary host plant, but has potential to attack many Cardueae (thistles and knapweeds) species. We conducted a series of no-choice and choice experiments and modelled the responses of Cassida rubiginosa in relation to phylogenetic distance from Cirsium arvense. RESULTS The olfactory recognition (single odour) and preference (two odours) of the beetle showed a significant phylogenetic relationship. These relationships showed a high degree of correlation with 66.9% of the variation in olfactory recognition and 82.8% of the variation in olfactory preference explained by phylogeny. Where the beetle could contact plants, under no-choice conditions there was no phylogenetic pattern to host plant acceptance. However, under choice conditions, phylogenetic distance was a strong predictor of feeding and oviposition preference. These relationships showed a high degree of correlation, with 63.4% of the variation in feeding preference, and 89.0% of the variation in oviposition preference, explained by phylogeny. CONCLUSIONS As far as we are aware, this is the first demonstration of an herbivorous insect that exhibits a phylogenetic pattern to olfactory host plant selection. Host plant utilisation by Cassida rubiginosa in New Zealand will be mostly restricted to Cirsium and Carduus species, with minimal potential for impact on other Cardueae weeds. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilani K Hettiarachchi
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Rostás
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jon J Sullivan
- Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Jackman
- AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln Science Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Salem H, Kirsch R, Pauchet Y, Berasategui A, Fukumori K, Moriyama M, Cripps M, Windsor D, Fukatsu T, Gerardo NM. Symbiont Digestive Range Reflects Host Plant Breadth in Herbivorous Beetles. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2875-2886.e4. [PMID: 32502409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous adaptations are gained in light of a symbiotic lifestyle. Here, we investigated the obligate partnership between tortoise leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) and their pectinolytic Stammera symbionts to detail how changes to the bacterium's streamlined metabolic range can shape the digestive physiology and ecological opportunity of its herbivorous host. Comparative genomics of 13 Stammera strains revealed high functional conservation, highlighted by the universal presence of polygalacturonase, a primary pectinase targeting nature's most abundant pectic class, homogalacturonan (HG). Despite this conservation, we unexpectedly discovered a disparate distribution for rhamnogalacturonan lyase, a secondary pectinase hydrolyzing the pectic heteropolymer, rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). Consistent with the annotation of rhamnogalacturonan lyase in Stammera, cassidines are able to depolymerize RG-I relative to beetles whose symbionts lack the gene. Given the omnipresence of HG and RG-I in foliage, Stammera that encode pectinases targeting both substrates allow their hosts to overcome a greater diversity of plant cell wall polysaccharides and maximize access to the nutritionally rich cytosol. Possibly facilitated by their symbionts' expanded digestive range, cassidines additionally endowed with rhamnogalacturonan lyase appear to utilize a broader diversity of angiosperms than those beetles whose symbionts solely supplement polygalacturonase. Our findings highlight how symbiont metabolic diversity, in concert with host adaptations, may serve as a potential source of evolutionary innovations for herbivorous lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Salem
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA; Mutualisms Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Roy Kirsch
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | | | - Kayoko Fukumori
- National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Minoru Moriyama
- National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Michael Cripps
- AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Donald Windsor
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
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Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on the Immature Development in Cassida rubiginosa Müll. and C. stigmatica Sffr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:10047. [PMID: 31296885 PMCID: PMC6624315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tortoise beetles (Cassida and related genera) are a large cosmopolitan group that includes several pests of agricultural crops and natural enemies of weeds but their biology and ecology remain poorly known. Using a set of environmental chambers, we address simultaneous effects of temperature and photoperiod on immature development and adult body mass in two European species, C. rubiginosa and C. stigmatica. Consistent with its broader distribution range, the former species is less susceptible to low rearing temperatures, develops faster and has a larger body mass than the latter. However, C. rubiginosa seems to be less adapted to late-season conditions as a short-day photoperiod accelerates its immature development to a lesser extent than it does in C. stigmatica, which nevertheless results in greater larval mortality and slightly but significantly smaller adults. By contrast, in C. stigmatica, which is more likely to encounter late-season conditions due to its slower life cycle, short-day acceleration of development is achieved at no cost to survivorship and final body mass. The experiment with C. stigmatica was repeated during two consecutive years with different methods and the main results proved to be well reproducible. In addition, laboratory results for C. rubiginosa agree with field data from literature.
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Nylin S, Agosta S, Bensch S, Boeger WA, Braga MP, Brooks DR, Forister ML, Hambäck PA, Hoberg EP, Nyman T, Schäpers A, Stigall AL, Wheat CW, Österling M, Janz N. Embracing Colonizations: A New Paradigm for Species Association Dynamics. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Schiavon M, Berto C, Malagoli M, Trentin A, Sambo P, Dall'Acqua S, Pilon-Smits EAH. Selenium Biofortification in Radish Enhances Nutritional Quality via Accumulation of Methyl-Selenocysteine and Promotion of Transcripts and Metabolites Related to Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Amino Acids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1371. [PMID: 27683583 PMCID: PMC5021693 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two selenium (Se) fertilization methods were tested for their effects on levels of anticarcinogenic selenocompounds in radish (Raphanus sativus), as well as other nutraceuticals. First, radish was grown on soil and foliar selenate applied 7 days before harvest at 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg Se per plant. Selenium levels were up to 1200 mg Se/kg DW in leaves and 120 mg Se/kg DW in roots. The thiols cysteine and glutathione were present at 2-3-fold higher levels in roots of Se treated plants, and total glucosinolate levels were 35% higher, due to increases in glucoraphanin. The only seleno-aminoacid detected in Se treated plants was Se-methyl-SeCys (100 mg/kg FW in leaves, 33 mg/kg FW in roots). The levels of phenolic aminoacids increased with selenate treatment, as did root total nitrogen and protein content, while the level of several polyphenols decreased. Second, radish was grown in hydroponics and supplied with 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 μM selenate for 1 week. Selenate treatment led to a 20-30% increase in biomass. Selenium concentration was 242 mg Se/kg DW in leaves and 85 mg Se/kg DW in roots. Cysteine levels decreased with Se in leaves but increased in roots; glutatione levels decreased in both. Total glucosinolate levels in leaves decreased with Se treatment due to repression of genes involved in glucosinolates metabolism. Se-methyl-SeCys concentration ranged from 7-15 mg/kg FW. Aminoacid concentration increased with Se treatment in leaves but decreased in roots. Roots of Se treated plants contained elevated transcript levels of sulfate transporters (Sultr) and ATP sulfurylase, a key enzyme of S/Se assimilation. No effects on polyphenols were observed. In conclusion, Se biofortification of radish roots may be achieved via foliar spray or hydroponic supply. One to ten radishes could fulfill the daily human requirement (70 μg) after a single foliar spray of 5 mg selenate per plant or 1 week of 5-10 μM selenate supply in hydroponics. The radishes metabolized selenate to the anticarcinogenic compound Se-methyl-selenocysteine. Selenate treatment enhanced levels of other nutraceuticals in radish roots, including glucoraphanin. Therefore, Se biofortification can produce plants with superior health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Biology Department, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, MS, USA
| | - Chiara Berto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Mario Malagoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Annarita Trentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Sambo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
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