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Li X, Wang R, Wang Y, Li X, Shi Q, Yu Y. PpGATA21 Enhances the Expression of PpGA2ox7 to Regulate the Mechanism of Cerasus humilis Rootstock-Mediated Dwarf in Peach Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7402. [PMID: 39000509 PMCID: PMC11242874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dwarfing rootstocks enhance planting density, lower tree height, and reduce both labor in peach production. Cerasus humilis is distinguished by its dwarf stature, rapid growth, and robust fruiting capabilities, presenting substantial potential for further development. In this study, Ruipan 4 was used as the scion and grafted onto Amygdalus persica and Cerasus humilis, respectively. The results indicate that compared to grafting combination R/M (Ruipan 4/Amygdalus persica), grafting combination R/O (Ruipan 4/Cerasus humilis) plants show a significant reduction in height and a significant increase in flower buds. RNA-seq indicates that genes related to gibberellin (GA) and auxin metabolism are involved in the dwarfing process of scions mediated by C. humilis. The expression levels of the GA metabolism-related gene PpGA2ox7 significantly increased in R/O and are strongly correlated with plant height, branch length, and internode length. Furthermore, GA levels were significantly reduced in R/O. The transcription factor PpGATA21 was identified through yeast one-hybrid screening of the PpGA2ox7 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) demonstrate that PpGATA21 can bind to the promoter of PpGA2ox7 and activate its expression. Overall, PpGATA21 activates the expression of the GA-related gene PpGA2ox7, resulting in reduced GA levels and consequent dwarfing of plants mediated by C. humilis. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of C. humilis and offers a scientific foundation for the dwarfing and high-density cultivation of peach trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Ruxin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuman Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Xueqiang Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qiaofang Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yihe Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (X.L.); (R.W.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Q.S.)
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center on Characteristic Berry Germplasm Innovation & Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China
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Rodamilans B, Hadersdorfer J, Berki Z, García B, Neumüller M, García JA. The Mechanism of Resistance of EUROPEAN Plum to Plum pox virus Mediated by Hypersensitive Response Is Linked to VIRAL NIa and Its Protease Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1609. [PMID: 37111834 PMCID: PMC10147044 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plum pox virus (PPV) infects Prunus trees across the globe, causing the serious Sharka disease. Breeding programs in the past 20 years have been successful, generating plum varieties hypersensitive to PPV that show resistance in the field. Recently, a single tree displaying typical PPV symptoms was detected in an orchard of resistant plums. The tree was eradicated, and infected material was propagated under controlled conditions to study the new PPV isolate. Performing overlapping PCR analysis, the viral sequence was reconstructed, cloned and tested for infectivity in different 'Jojo'-based resistant plums. The results confirmed that the isolate, named PPV-D 'Herrenberg' (PPVD-H), was able to infect all these varieties. Analyses of chimeras between PPVD-H and a PPV-D standard isolate (PPVD) revealed that the NIa region of PPD-H, carrying three amino acid changes, was enough to break the resistance of these plums. Experiments with single and double mutants showed that all changes were essential to preserve the escaping phenotype. Additionally, one of the changes at the VPg-NIapro junction suggested the involvement of controlled endopeptidase cleavage in the viral response. Transient expression experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana confirmed that NIa cleavage in PPVD-H was reduced, compared to PPVD, linking the observed behavior to an NIa cleavage modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodamilans
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Hadersdorfer
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Dürnast 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Zita Berki
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz García
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Neumüller
- Bavarian Centre of Pomology and Fruit Breeding, Am Süßbach 1, D-85399 Hallbergmoos, Germany
| | - Juan Antonio García
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Savoia MA, Del Faro L, Turco A, Fanelli V, Venerito P, Montemurro C, Sabetta W. Biodiversity Evaluation and Preservation of Italian Stone Fruit Germplasm (Peach and Apricot) in Southern Italy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1279. [PMID: 36986967 PMCID: PMC10055517 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Prunus genus encompasses a group of economically important and closely related crops, sharing an essentially common genome and, thereby, a high level of conserved and transferable microsatellite (SSR) loci. In Southern Italy, many of the local and/or neglected varieties are abandoned and at risk of extinction due to the high degree of urbanization and agricultural intensification, despite their value as genetic resources for crop improvement. This research aimed to genetically and morphologically characterize the traditional apricot (P. armenica) and peach (P. persica) germplasms collected in old family orchards. Most of the official descriptor categories were scored, thus revealing a rather high level of phenotypic variation in both collections. Genetic data allowed the discovery of diversity masked by morphological traits. Genotyping in 15 and 18 SSRs, eight of which were transferable across both species, showed an average polymorphic informativeness (PIC) of 0.44 and 0.59 for apricot and peach, respectively, and a total of 70 and 144 alleles. A reliable identification of each genotype was achieved, and the presence of possible mislabeling and/or erroneous denominations was solved. These results are encouraging for the valorization of the still poorly explored Italian Prunus germplasm, with significant economic consequences for bioresource conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Antonio Savoia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Del Faro
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura “Basile Caramia”, Via Cisternino 281, 70010 Locorotondo, Italy
| | - Andrea Turco
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura “Basile Caramia”, Via Cisternino 281, 70010 Locorotondo, Italy
| | - Valentina Fanelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Venerito
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura “Basile Caramia”, Via Cisternino 281, 70010 Locorotondo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Spin Off Sinagri s.r.l., University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection–Support Unit Bari, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Wilma Sabetta
- Spin Off Sinagri s.r.l., University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council (IBBR-CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Rodamilans B, Oliveros JC, San León D, Martínez-García PJ, Martínez-Gómez P, García JA, Rubio M. sRNA Analysis Evidenced the Involvement of Different Plant Viruses in the Activation of RNA Silencing-Related Genes and the Defensive Response Against Plum pox virus of 'GF305' Peach Grafted with 'Garrigues' Almond. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2012-2021. [PMID: 35302895 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-22-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plum pox virus (PPV) causes sharka disease in Prunus trees. Peach (P. persica) trees are severely affected by PPV, and no definitive source of genetic resistance has been identified. However, previous results showed that PPV-resistant 'Garrigues' almond (P. dulcis) was able to transfer its resistance to 'GF305' peach through grafting, reducing symptoms and viral load in PPV-infected plants. A recent study tried to identify genes responsible for this effect by studying messenger RNA expression through RNA sequencing in peach and almond plants, before and after grafting and before and after PPV infection. In this work, we used the same peach and almond samples but focused the high-throughput analyses on small RNA (sRNA) expression. We studied massive sequencing data and found an interesting pattern of sRNA overexpression linked to antiviral defense genes that suggested activation of these genes followed by downregulation to basal levels. We also discovered that 'Garrigues' almond plants were infected by different plant viruses that were transferred to peach plants. The large amounts of viral sRNA found in grafted peaches indicated a strong RNA silencing antiviral response and led us to postulate that these plant viruses could be collaborating in the observed "Garrigues effect."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C Oliveros
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, CNB-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David San León
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, CNB-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan A García
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, CNB-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Li Y, Wang A. Biolistic Inoculation of Fruit Trees with Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clones of RNA Viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2400:207-216. [PMID: 34905204 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1835-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long life cycle and lack of efficient and robust virus inoculation technique are the major technical challenges for studying virus infection in perennial woody plants such as fruit trees. Biolistic technology also called particle bombardment is a physical approach that can directly introduce virions or viral full-length cDNA infectious clones into target cells and tissues by high velocity microcarrier particles. The flexibility and high efficiency of the biolistic inoculation method facilitate research on fruit tree virology and the screening and identification of fruit tree germplasms resistant to viruses. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the biolistic inoculation of peach with of a cDNA infectious clone of Plum pox virus (PPV) using the Helios gene gun, a biolistic particle delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada.
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Gene Expression Analysis of Induced Plum pox virus (Sharka) Resistance in Peach ( Prunus persica) by Almond ( P. dulcis) Grafting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073585. [PMID: 33808287 PMCID: PMC8036523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No natural sources of resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka disease) have been identified in peach. However, previous studies have demonstrated that grafting a “Garrigues” almond scion onto “GF305” peach rootstock seedlings heavily infected with PPV can progressively reduce disease symptoms and virus accumulation. Furthermore, grafting a “Garrigues” scion onto the “GF305” rootstock has been shown to completely prevent virus infection. This study aims to analyse the rewiring of gene expression associated with this resistance to PPV transmitted by grafting through the phloem using RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analysis. A total of 18 candidate genes were differentially expressed after grafting “Garrigues” almond onto healthy “GF305” peach. Among the up-regulated genes, a HEN1 homolog stands out, which, together with the differential expression of RDR- and DCL2-homologs, suggests that the RNA silencing machinery is activated by PPV infection and can contribute to the resistance induced by “Garrigues” almond. Glucan endo-1,3-beta D-glucosidase could be also relevant for the “Garrigues”-induced response, since its expression is much higher in “Garrigues” than in “GF305”. We also discuss the potential relevance of the following in PPV infection and “Garrigues”-induced resistance: several pathogenesis-related proteins; no apical meristem proteins; the transcription initiation factor, TFIIB; the speckle-type POZ protein; in addition to a number of proteins involved in phytohormone signalling.
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Rodamilans B, Valli A, García JA. Molecular Plant-Plum Pox Virus Interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:6-17. [PMID: 31454296 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-19-0189-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plum pox virus, the agent that causes sharka disease, is among the most important plant viral pathogens, affecting Prunus trees across the globe. The fabric of interactions that the virus is able to establish with the plant regulates its life cycle, including RNA uncoating, translation, replication, virion assembly, and movement. In addition, plant-virus interactions are strongly conditioned by host specificities, which determine infection outcomes, including resistance. This review attempts to summarize the latest knowledge regarding Plum pox virus-host interactions, giving a comprehensive overview of their relevance for viral infection and plant survival, including the latest advances in genetic engineering of resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodamilans
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Valli
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Sidorova T, Mikhailov R, Pushin A, Miroshnichenko D, Dolgov S. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Russian Commercial Plum cv. "Startovaya" ( Prunus domestica L.) With Virus-Derived Hairpin RNA Construct Confers Durable Resistance to PPV Infection in Mature Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:286. [PMID: 30915093 PMCID: PMC6423057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In modern horticulture Plum pox virus (PPV) imposes serious threats to commercial plantations of a wide range of fruit species belonging to genera Prunus. Given the lack of natural genetic resources, which display reliable resistance to PPV infection, there has been considerable interest in using genetic engineering methods for targeted genome modification of stone fruit trees to control Sharka disease caused by PPV. Among the many virus defense mechanisms, RNA interference is shown to be the most promising transgenic disease-control strategy in plant biotechnology. The present study describes the production of transgenic PPV resistant European plum "Startovaya" (P. domestica L.) through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro leaf explants. Due to organogenesis from leaves, the established protocol allows the genetic engineering of the plum genome without losing clonal fidelity of original cultivar. Seven independent transgenic plum lines containing the self-complementary fragments of PPV-CP gene sequence separated by a PDK intron were generated using hpt as a selective gene and uidA as a reporter gene. The transformation was verified through the histochemical staining for β-glucuronidase activity, PCR amplification of appropriate vector products from isolated genomic DNA and Southern blot analysis of hairpin PPV-CP gene fragments. To clarify the virus resistance, plum buds infected by PPV-M strain were grafted onto 1-year-old transgenic plants, which further were grown into mature trees in the greenhouse. As evaluated by RT-PCR, DAS-ELISA, Western blot, ImmunoStrip test, and visual observations, GM plum trees remained uninfected over 9 years. Infected branches that developed from grafted buds displayed obvious symptoms of Sharka disease over the years and maintained the high level of virus accumulation, whereby host transgenic trees had been constantly challenged with the pathogen. Since the virus was unable to spread to transgenic tissues, the stable expression of PPV-derived gene construct encoding intron-spliced hairpin RNAs provided a highly effective protection of plum trees against permanent viral infection. At the same time, this observation indicates the lack of the systemic spread of resistance from GM tissues to an infected plum graft even after years of joint growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sidorova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
- Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia
| | - Roman Mikhailov
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
| | - Alexander Pushin
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
- Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia
| | - Dmitry Miroshnichenko
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Russia
- Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yalta, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Dehkordi AN, Rubio M, Babaeian N, Albacete A, Martínez-Gómez P. Phytohormone Signaling of the Resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV, Sharka Disease) Induced by Almond (Prunus dulcis (Miller) Webb) Grafting to Peach (P. persica L. Batsch). Viruses 2018; 10:v10050238. [PMID: 29751564 PMCID: PMC5977231 DOI: 10.3390/v10050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka) is a limiting factor for peach production, and no natural sources of resistance have been described. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that grafting the almond cultivar "Garrigues" onto the "GF305" peach infected with Dideron-type (PPV-D) isolates progressively reduces disease symptoms and virus accumulation. Furthermore, grafting "Garrigues" onto "GF305" prior to PPV-D inoculation has been found to completely prevent virus infection, showing that resistance is constitutive and not induced by the virus. To unravel the phytohormone signaling of this mechanism, we analyzed the following phytohormones belonging to the principal hormone classes: the growth-related phytohormones cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ) and the gibberellins GA₃ and GA₄; and the stress-related phytohormones ethylene acid precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA). PPV inoculation produced a significant increase in GA₃ and ABA in peach, and these imbalances were related to the presence of chlorosis symptoms. However, grafting "Garrigues" almond onto the PPV-inoculated "GF305" peach produced the opposite effect, reducing GA₃ and ABA contents in parallel to the elimination of symptoms. Our results showed the significant implication of SA in this induced resistance in peach with an additional effect on tZ and JA concentrations. This SA-induced resistance based in the decrease in symptoms seems to be different from Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR), which are based in other reactions producing necrosis. Further studies are necessary, however, to validate these results against PPV-D isolates in the more aggressive Marcus-type (PPV-M) isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Nikbakht Dehkordi
- Faculty of Crop Science, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SARNU), Km 9, Darya Road P.O. Box 578 Sari, Iran.
| | - Manuel Rubio
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Nadali Babaeian
- Faculty of Crop Science, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SARNU), Km 9, Darya Road P.O. Box 578 Sari, Iran.
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Cirilli M, Rossini L, Geuna F, Palmisano F, Minafra A, Castrignanò T, Gattolin S, Ciacciulli A, Babini AR, Liverani A, Bassi D. Genetic dissection of Sharka disease tolerance in peach (P. persica L. Batsch). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:192. [PMID: 29100531 PMCID: PMC5670703 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plum pox virus (PPV), agent of Sharka disease, is the most important quarantine pathogen of peach (P. persica L. Batsch). Extensive evaluation of peach germplasm has highlighted the lack of resistant sources, while suggesting the presence of a quantitative disease resistance, expressed as reduction in the intensity of symptoms. Unravelling the genetic architecture of peach response to PPV infection is essential for pyramiding resistant genes and for developing more tolerant varieties. For this purpose, a genome-wide association (GWA) approach was applied in a panel of accessions phenotyped for virus susceptibility and genotyped with the IPSC peach 9 K SNP Array, and coupled with an high-coverage resequencing of the tolerant accession 'Kamarat'. RESULTS Genome-wide association identified three highly significant associated loci on chromosome 2 and 3, accounting for most of the reduction in PPV-M susceptibility within the analysed peach population. The exploration of associated intervals through whole-genome comparison of the tolerant accession 'Kamarat' and other susceptible accessions, including the PPV-resistant wild-related species P. davidiana, allow the identification of allelic variants in promising candidate genes, including an RTM2-like gene already characterized in A. thaliana. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first effort to identify genetic factors involved in Sharka disease in peach germplasm through a GWA approach. We provide evidence of the presence of quantitative resistant loci in a collection of peach accessions, identifying major loci and highly informative SNPs that could be useful for marker assisted selection. These results could serve as reference bases for future research aimed at the comprehension of genetic mechanism regulating the complex peach-PPV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cirilli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rossini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, via Einstein, Loc. C.na Codazza, Lodi, Italy
| | - Filippo Geuna
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmisano
- Centro di Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura Basile-Caramia (CRSFA), via Cisternino, 281 Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Minafra
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR-IPSP), via Amendola 122/D, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Castrignanò
- CINECA, SCAI Super Computing Applications and Innovation, via dei Tizii 6, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gattolin
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, via Einstein, Loc. C.na Codazza, Lodi, Italy
| | - Angelo Ciacciulli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Liverani
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, via La Canapona 1 bis, Forlì, Italy
| | - Daniele Bassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, Italy
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Pooggin MM. RNAi-mediated resistance to viruses: a critical assessment of methodologies. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 26:28-35. [PMID: 28753441 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In plants, RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral defense is mediated by multigenic families of Dicer-like enzymes generating small interfering (si)RNAs from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during replication and/or transcription of RNA and DNA viruses, and Argonaute enzymes binding viral siRNAs and targeting viral RNA and DNA for siRNA-directed posttranscriptional and transcriptional silencing. Successful viruses are able to suppress or evade the production or action of viral siRNAs. In antiviral biotech approaches based on RNAi, transgenic expression or non-transgenic delivery of dsRNA cognate to a target virus pre-activates or boosts the natural plant antiviral defenses. Design of more effective antiviral RNAi strategies requires better understanding of viral siRNA biogenesis and viral anti-silencing strategies in virus-infected plants.
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