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Yu G, Zhang L, Xue H, Chen Y, Liu X, Del Pozo JC, Zhao C, Lozano-Duran R, Macho AP. Cell wall-mediated root development is targeted by a soil-borne bacterial pathogen to promote infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114179. [PMID: 38691455 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens manipulate host development, facilitating colonization and proliferation. Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne bacterial pathogen that penetrates roots and colonizes plants through the vascular system, causing wilting and death. Here, we find that RipAC, an effector protein from R. solanacearum, alters root development in Arabidopsis, promoting the formation of lateral roots and root hairs. RipAC interacts with CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA)-INTERACTIVE PROTEIN 1 (CSI1), which regulates the activity of CESA complexes at the plasma membrane. RipAC disrupts CESA-CSI1 interaction, leading to a reduction in cellulose content, root developmental alterations, and a promotion of bacterial pathogenicity. We find that CSI1 also associates with the receptor kinase FERONIA, forming a complex that negatively regulates immunity in roots; this interaction, however, is not affected by RipAC. Our work reveals a bacterial virulence strategy that selectively affects the activities of a host target, promoting anatomical alterations that facilitate infection without causing activation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC (INIA/CSIC), Campus Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
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2
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Interrelation between Stress Management and Secretion Systems of Ralstonia solanacearum: An In Silico Assessment. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070730. [PMID: 35889976 PMCID: PMC9325324 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), the causative agent of devastating wilt disease in several major and minor economic crops, is considered one of the most destructive bacterial plant pathogens. However, the mechanism(s) by which Rs counteracts host-associated environmental stress is still not clearly elucidated. To investigate possible stress management mechanisms, orthologs of stress-responsive genes in the Rs genome were searched using a reference set of known genes. The genome BLAST approach was used to find the distributions of these orthologs within different Rs strains. BLAST results were first confirmed from the KEGG Genome database and then reconfirmed at the protein level from the UniProt database. The distribution pattern of these stress-responsive factors was explored through multivariate analysis and STRING analysis. STRING analysis of stress-responsive genes in connection with different secretion systems of Rs was also performed. Initially, a total of 28 stress-responsive genes of Rs were confirmed in this study. STRING analysis revealed an additional 7 stress-responsive factors of Rs, leading to the discovery of a total of 35 stress-responsive genes. The segregation pattern of these 35 genes across 110 Rs genomes was found to be almost homogeneous. Increasing interactions of Rs stress factors were observed in six distinct clusters, suggesting six different types of stress responses: membrane stress response (MSR), osmotic stress response (OSR), oxidative stress response (OxSR), nitrosative stress response (NxSR), and DNA damage stress response (DdSR). Moreover, a strong network of these stress responses was observed with type 3 secretion system (T3SS), general secretory proteins (GSPs), and different types of pili (T4P, Tad, and Tat). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on overall stress response management by Rs and the potential connection with secretion systems.
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Xiaohui Y, Jie H, Huixiao Y, Huanqin L, Fang X, Baozhu Z, Xiuyu X, Lei Z, Huayi H, Qingzhang D, Wen P. Transcriptome and metabolome profiling in different stages of infestation of Eucalyptus urophylla clones by Ralstonia solanacearum. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1081-1100. [PMID: 35616707 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eucalyptus urophylla is an economically important tree species that widely planted in tropical and sub-tropical areas around the world, which suffers significant losses due to Ralstonia solanacearum. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of pathogen-response of Eucalyptus. We collected the vascular tissues of a E. urophylla clone infected by R. solanacearum in the laboratory, and combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis to investigate the defense responses of Eucalyptus. A total of 11 flavonoids that differentially accumulated at the first stage or a later stage after infection. The phenylpropanoid of p-coumaraldehyde, the two alkaloids trigonelline and DL-ephedrine, two types of traditional Chinese medicine with patchouli alcohol and 3-dihydrocadambine, and the amino acid phenylalanine were differentially accumulated after infection, which could be biomarkers indicating a response to R. solanacearum. Differentially expressed genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and amino acid metabolism were activated at the first stage of infection or a later stage, indicating that they may participate in the defense against infection. This study is expected to deliver several insights into the molecular mechanism in response to pathogens in E. urophylla, and the findings have far-reaching implications in the control of E. urophylla pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiaohui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Jie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Huixiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liao Huanqin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Baozhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Xiuyu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Lei
- Dongmen State Forestry Farm of Guangxi Zhuang, No. 10, Jinlong Road, Fusui, 532108, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Huayi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Qingzhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Pan Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Kashyap A, Jiménez-Jiménez ÁL, Zhang W, Capellades M, Srinivasan S, Laromaine A, Serra O, Figueras M, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Valls M, Coll NS. Induced ligno-suberin vascular coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides restrict Ralstonia solanacearum colonization in resistant tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1411-1429. [PMID: 35152435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato varieties resistant to the bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum have the ability to restrict bacterial movement in the plant. Inducible vascular cell wall reinforcements seem to play a key role in confining R. solanacearum into the xylem vasculature of resistant tomato. However, the type of compounds involved in such vascular physico-chemical barriers remain understudied, while being a key component of resistance. Here we use a combination of histological and live-imaging techniques, together with spectroscopy and gene expression analysis to understand the nature of R. solanacearum-induced formation of vascular coatings in resistant tomato. We describe that resistant tomato specifically responds to infection by assembling a vascular structural barrier formed by a ligno-suberin coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Further, we show that overexpressing genes of the ligno-suberin pathway in a commercial susceptible variety of tomato restricts R. solanacearum movement inside the plant and slows disease progression, enhancing resistance to the pathogen. We propose that the induced barrier in resistant plants does not only restrict the movement of the pathogen, but may also prevent cell wall degradation by the pathogen and confer anti-microbial properties, effectively contributing to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Weiqi Zhang
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Capellades
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sumithra Srinivasan
- Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro, Biology Department, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08001, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Du H, Yang J, Chen B, Zhang X, Xu X, Wen C, Geng S. Dual RNA-seq Reveals the Global Transcriptome Dynamics of Ralstonia solanacearum and Pepper ( Capsicum annuum) Hypocotyls During Bacterial Wilt Pathogenesis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:630-642. [PMID: 34346759 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-21-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a serious disease in pepper. However, the interaction between the pathogen and pepper remains largely unknown. This study aimed to gain insights into determinants of pepper susceptibility and R. solanacearum pathogenesis. We assembled the complete genome of R. solanacearum strain Rs-SY1 and identified 5,106 predicted genes, including 84 type III effectors (T3E). RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in susceptible pepper CM334 at 1 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi) with R. solanacearum. Dual RNA-seq was used to simultaneously capture transcriptome changes in the host and pathogen at 3 and 7 dpi. A total of 1,400, 3,335, 2,878, and 4,484 DEGs of pepper (PDEGs) were identified in the CM334 hypocotyls at 1, 3, 5, and 7 dpi, respectively. Functional enrichment of the PDEGs suggests that inducing ethylene production, suppression of photosynthesis, downregulation of polysaccharide metabolism, and weakening of cell wall defenses may contribute to successful infection by R. solanacearum. When comparing in planta and nutrient agar growth of the R. solanacearum, 218 and 1,042 DEGs of R. solanacearum (RDEGs) were detected at 3 and 7 dpi, respectively. Additional analysis of the RDEGs suggested that enhanced starch and sucrose metabolism, and upregulation of virulence factors may promote R. solanacearum colonization. Strikingly, 26 R. solanacearum genes were found to have similar DEG patterns during a variety of host-R. solanacearum interactions. This study provides a foundation for a better understanding of the transcriptional changes during pepper-R. solanacearum interactions and will aid in the discovery of potential susceptibility and virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Du
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiulan Xu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Sansheng Geng
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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6
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Sebastià P, de Pedro-Jové R, Daubech B, Kashyap A, Coll NS, Valls M. The Bacterial Wilt Reservoir Host Solanum dulcamara Shows Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:755708. [PMID: 34868145 PMCID: PMC8636001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.755708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt, a devastating plant disease, responsible for serious losses on many crop plants. R. solanacearum phylotype II-B1 strains have caused important outbreaks in temperate regions, where the pathogen has been identified inside asymptomatic bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara) plants near rivers and in potato fields. S. dulcamara is a perennial species described as a reservoir host where R. solanacearum can overwinter, but their interaction remains uncharacterised. In this study, we have systematically analysed R. solanacearum infection in S. dulcamara, dissecting the behaviour of this plant compared with susceptible hosts such as tomato cv. Marmande, for which the interaction is well described. Compared with susceptible tomatoes, S. dulcamara plants (i) show delayed symptomatology and bacterial progression, (ii) restrict bacterial movement inside and between xylem vessels, (iii) limit bacterial root colonisation, and (iv) show constitutively higher lignification in the stem. Taken together, these results demonstrate that S. dulcamara behaves as partially resistant to bacterial wilt, a property that is enhanced at lower temperatures. This study proves that tolerance (i.e., the capacity to reduce the negative effects of infection) is not required for a wild plant to act as a reservoir host. We propose that inherent resistance (impediment to colonisation) and a perennial habit enable bittersweet plants to behave as reservoirs for R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sebastià
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roger de Pedro-Jové
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoit Daubech
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Núria S. Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Li C, Xu Y, Su X, Yang T, Zhang X. Differential Expression Pattern of Pathogenicity-Related Genes of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum YQ Responding to Tissue Debris of Casuarina equisetifolia. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1918-1926. [PMID: 33822646 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0490-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) contains a group of destructive plant pathogenic bacteria, causing bacterial wilt of >200 species of crops and trees, such as Casuarina equisetifolia, worldwide. RSSC can survive in the soil environment for a long time and start infection after activation by host plants. This study conducted a transcriptome analysis on the expression pattern of the pathogenicity-related genes of a new isolated RSSC strain YQ (Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum phylotype I-16) in response to C. equisetifolia cladophyll (a branch of a stem that resembles and functions as a leaf) and root debris under in vitro culture. The cladophyll debris induced more genes up-regulated than the root debris, including pathogenicity-related genes involved in motility, effectors, type III secretion systems, quorum sensing, and plant cell wall degradation. Besides, many differentially expressed genes were related to transcriptional regulator such as cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate. Moreover, the cultures with cladophyll debris induced a faster wilting in bioassays, and the cell swimming was enhanced by cladophyll exudate. C. equisetifolia cladophylls could activate the expression of pathogenicity-related genes of strain YQ and accelerate infection. Our findings suggest that litterfall management in C. equisetifolia forests, or even other plantations, should receive attention to prevent the induction of bacterial wilt disease caused by RSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuqiao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyou Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Green Pesticide, National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide High-Efficient Preparation, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
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8
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Tano J, Ripa MB, Tondo ML, Carrau A, Petrocelli S, Rodriguez MV, Ferreira V, Siri MI, Piskulic L, Orellano EG. Light modulates important physiological features of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum during the colonization of tomato plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14531. [PMID: 34267245 PMCID: PMC8282871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum GMI1000 (Rpso GMI1000) is a soil-borne vascular phytopathogen that infects host plants through the root system causing wilting disease in a wide range of agro-economic interest crops, producing economical losses. Several features contribute to the full bacterial virulence. In this work we study the participation of light, an important environmental factor, in the regulation of the physiological attributes and infectivity of Rpso GMI1000. In silico analysis of the Rpso genome revealed the presence of a Rsp0254 gene, which encodes a putative blue light LOV-type photoreceptor. We constructed a mutant strain of Rpso lacking the LOV protein and found that the loss of this protein and light, influenced characteristics involved in the pathogenicity process such as motility, adhesion and the biofilms development, which allows the successful host plant colonization, rendering bacterial wilt. This protein could be involved in the adaptive responses to environmental changes. We demonstrated that light sensing and the LOV protein, would be used as a location signal in the host plant, to regulate the expression of several virulence factors, in a time and tissue dependent way. Consequently, bacteria could use an external signal and Rpsolov gene to know their location within plant tissue during the colonization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Tano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (IBR-FBIOyF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Belén Ripa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (IBR-FBIOyF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Laura Tondo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Analía Carrau
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (IBR-FBIOyF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvana Petrocelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Rodriguez
- Área Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Virginia Ferreira
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Inés Siri
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Piskulic
- Área Estadística y Procesamiento de datos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Elena Graciela Orellano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (IBR-FBIOyF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
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Wang B, He T, Zheng X, Song B, Chen H. Proteomic Analysis of Potato Responding to the Invasion of Ralstonia solanacearum UW551 and Its Type III Secretion System Mutant. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:337-350. [PMID: 33332146 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0144-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The infection of potato with Ralstonia solanacearum UW551 gives rise to bacterial wilt disease via colonization of roots. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a determinant factor for the pathogenicity of R. solanacearum. To fully understand perturbations in potato by R. solanacearum type III effectors(T3Es), we used proteomics to measure differences in potato root protein abundance after inoculation with R. solanacearum UW551 and the T3SS mutant (UW551△HrcV). We identified 21 differentially accumulated proteins. Compared with inoculation with UW551△HrcV, 10 proteins showed significantly lower abundance in potato roots after inoculation with UW551, indicating that those proteins were significantly downregulated by T3Es during the invasion. To identify their functions in immunity, we silenced those genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and tested the resistance of the silenced plants to the pathogen. Results showed that miraculin, HBP2, and TOM20 contribute to immunity to R. solanacearum. In contrast, PP1 contributes to susceptibility. Notably, none of four downregulated proteins (HBP2, PP1, HSP22, and TOM20) were downregulated at the transcriptional level, suggesting that they were significantly downregulated at the posttranscriptional level. We further coexpressed those four proteins with 33 core T3Es. To our surprise, multiple effectors were able to significantly decrease the studied protein abundances. In conclusion, our data showed that T3Es of R. solanacearum could subvert potato root immune-related proteins in a redundant manner.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianjiu He
- Guizhou Institute of Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Xueao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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10
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de Pedro-Jové R, Puigvert M, Sebastià P, Macho AP, Monteiro JS, Coll NS, Setúbal JC, Valls M. Dynamic expression of Ralstonia solanacearum virulence factors and metabolism-controlling genes during plant infection. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:170. [PMID: 33750302 PMCID: PMC7941725 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt, a devastating plant disease responsible for serious economic losses especially on potato, tomato, and other solanaceous plant species in temperate countries. In R. solanacearum, gene expression analysis has been key to unravel many virulence determinants as well as their regulatory networks. However, most of these assays have been performed using either bacteria grown in minimal medium or in planta, after symptom onset, which occurs at late stages of colonization. Thus, little is known about the genetic program that coordinates virulence gene expression and metabolic adaptation along the different stages of plant infection by R. solanacearum. RESULTS We performed an RNA-sequencing analysis of the transcriptome of bacteria recovered from potato apoplast and from the xylem of asymptomatic or wilted potato plants, which correspond to three different conditions (Apoplast, Early and Late xylem). Our results show dynamic expression of metabolism-controlling genes and virulence factors during parasitic growth inside the plant. Flagellar motility genes were especially up-regulated in the apoplast and twitching motility genes showed a more sustained expression in planta regardless of the condition. Xylem-induced genes included virulence genes, such as the type III secretion system (T3SS) and most of its related effectors and nitrogen utilisation genes. The upstream regulators of the T3SS were exclusively up-regulated in the apoplast, preceding the induction of their downstream targets. Finally, a large subset of genes involved in central metabolism was exclusively down-regulated in the xylem at late infection stages. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report describing R. solanacearum dynamic transcriptional changes within the plant during infection. Our data define four main genetic programmes that define gene pathogen physiology during plant colonisation. The described expression of virulence genes, which might reflect bacterial states in different infection stages, provides key information on the R. solanacearum potato infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de Pedro-Jové
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Puigvert
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Sebastià
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - J S Monteiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J C Setúbal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Valls
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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11
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Yu G, Xian L, Xue H, Yu W, Rufian JS, Sang Y, Morcillo RJL, Wang Y, Macho AP. A bacterial effector protein prevents MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of SGT1 to suppress plant immunity. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008933. [PMID: 32976518 PMCID: PMC7540872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins function as sensors that perceive pathogen molecules and activate immunity. In plants, the accumulation and activation of NLRs is regulated by SUPPRESSOR OF G2 ALLELE OF skp1 (SGT1). In this work, we found that an effector protein named RipAC, secreted by the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, associates with SGT1 to suppress NLR-mediated SGT1-dependent immune responses, including those triggered by another R. solanacearum effector, RipE1. RipAC does not affect the accumulation of SGT1 or NLRs, or their interaction. However, RipAC inhibits the interaction between SGT1 and MAP kinases, and the phosphorylation of a MAPK target motif in the C-terminal domain of SGT1. Such phosphorylation is enhanced upon activation of immune signaling and contributes to the activation of immune responses mediated by the NLR RPS2. Additionally, SGT1 phosphorylation contributes to resistance against R. solanacearum. Our results shed light onto the mechanism of activation of NLR-mediated immunity, and suggest a positive feedback loop between MAPK activation and SGT1-dependent NLR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Xian
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jose S. Rufian
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Sang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rafael J. L. Morcillo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alberto P. Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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12
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Tondo ML, de Pedro-Jové R, Vandecaveye A, Piskulic L, Orellano EG, Valls M. KatE From the Bacterial Plant Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Is a Monofunctional Catalase Controlled by HrpG That Plays a Major Role in Bacterial Survival to Hydrogen Peroxide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1156. [PMID: 32849714 PMCID: PMC7412880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease on a wide range of plant species. Besides the numerous bacterial activities required for host invasion, those involved in the adaptation to the plant environment are key for the success of infection. R. solanacearum ability to cope with the oxidative burst produced by the plant is likely one of the activities required to grow parasitically. Among the multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes predicted in the R. solanacearum GMI1000 genome, a single monofunctional catalase (KatE) and two KatG bifunctional catalases were identified. In this work, we show that these catalase activities are active in bacterial protein extracts and demonstrate by gene disruption and mutant complementation that the monofunctional catalase activity is encoded by katE. Different strategies were used to evaluate the role of KatE in bacterial physiology and during the infection process that causes bacterial wilt. We show that the activity of the enzyme is maximal during exponential growth in vitro and this growth-phase regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Our studies also demonstrate that katE expression is transcriptionally activated by HrpG, a central regulator of R. solanacearum induced upon contact with the plant cells. In addition, we reveal that even though both KatE and KatG catalase activities are induced upon hydrogen peroxide treatment, KatE has a major effect on bacterial survival under oxidative stress conditions and especially in the adaptive response of R. solanacearum to this oxidant. The katE mutant strain also exhibited differences in the structural characteristics of the biofilms developed on an abiotic surface in comparison to wild-type cells, but not in the overall amount of biofilm production. The role of catalase KatE during the interaction with its host plant tomato is also studied, revealing that disruption of this gene has no effect on R. solanacearum virulence or bacterial growth in leave tissues, which suggests a minor role for this catalase in bacterial fitness in planta. Our work provides the first characterization of the R. solanacearum catalases and identifies KatE as a bona fide monofunctional catalase with an important role in bacterial protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Tondo
- Área Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Roger de Pedro-Jové
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustina Vandecaveye
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Laura Piskulic
- Área Estadística y Procesamiento de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Elena G. Orellano
- Área Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Villano C, Esposito S, D'Amelia V, Garramone R, Alioto D, Zoina A, Aversano R, Carputo D. WRKY genes family study reveals tissue-specific and stress-responsive TFs in wild potato species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7196. [PMID: 32346026 PMCID: PMC7188836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild potatoes, as dynamic resource adapted to various environmental conditions, represent a powerful and informative reservoir of genes useful for breeding efforts. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are encoded by one of the largest families in plants and are involved in several biological processes such as growth and development, signal transduction, and plant defence against stress. In this study, 79 and 84 genes encoding putative WRKY TFs have been identified in two wild potato relatives, Solanum commersonii and S. chacoense. Phylogenetic analysis of WRKY proteins divided ScWRKYs and SchWRKYs into three Groups and seven subGroups. Structural and phylogenetic comparative analyses suggested an interspecific variability of WRKYs. Analysis of gene expression profiles in different tissues and under various stresses allowed to select ScWRKY045 as a good candidate in wounding-response, ScWRKY055 as a bacterial infection triggered WRKY and ScWRKY023 as a multiple stress-responsive WRKY gene. Those WRKYs were further studied through interactome analysis allowing the identification of potential co-expression relationships between ScWRKYs/SchWRKYs and genes of various pathways. Overall, this study enabled the discrimination of WRKY genes that could be considered as potential candidates in both breeding programs and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clizia Villano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Salvatore Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.,CREA Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098, Pontecagnano-Faiano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D'Amelia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.,National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Raffaele Garramone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Daniela Alioto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy.
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14
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The Entner-Doudoroff and Nonoxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathways Bypass Glycolysis and the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Ralstonia solanacearum. mSystems 2020; 5:5/2/e00091-20. [PMID: 32156794 PMCID: PMC7065512 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00091-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic versatility of Ralstonia solanacearum is important, as it regulates the trade-off between virulence and metabolism (1, 2) in a wide range of plant hosts. Due to a lack of clear evidence until this work, several published research papers reported on the potential roles of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OxPPP) in R. solanacearum (3, 4). This work provided evidence from 13C stable isotope feeding and genome annotation-based comparative metabolic network analysis that the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and non-OxPPP bypass glycolysis and OxPPP during the oxidation of glucose, a component of the host xylem pool that serves as a potential carbon source (5). The outcomes help better define the central carbon metabolic network of R. solanacearum that can be integrated with 13C metabolic flux analysis as well as flux balance analysis studies for defining the metabolic phenotypes. The study highlights the need to critically examine phytopathogens whose metabolism is poorly understood. In Ralstonia solanacearum, a devastating phytopathogen whose metabolism is poorly understood, we observed that the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway and nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway (non-OxPPP) bypass glycolysis and OxPPP under glucose oxidation. Evidence derived from 13C stable isotope feeding and genome annotation-based comparative metabolic network analysis supported the observations. Comparative metabolic network analysis derived from the currently available 53 annotated R. solanacearum strains, including a recently reported strain (F1C1), representing the four phylotypes, confirmed the lack of key genes coding for phosphofructokinase (pfk-1) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (gnd) enzymes that are relevant for glycolysis and OxPPP, respectively. R. solanacearum F1C1 cells fed with [13C]glucose (99% [1-13C]glucose or 99% [1,2-13C]glucose or 40% [13C6]glucose) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based labeling analysis of fragments from amino acids, glycerol, and ribose provided clear evidence that rather than glycolysis and the OxPPP, the ED pathway and non-OxPPP are the main routes sustaining metabolism in R. solanacearum. The 13C incorporation in the mass ions of alanine (m/z 260 and m/z 232), valine (m/z 288 and m/z 260), glycine (m/z 218), serine (m/z 390 and m/z 362), histidine (m/z 440 and m/z 412), tyrosine (m/z 466 and m/z 438), phenylalanine (m/z 336 and m/z 308), glycerol (m/z 377), and ribose (m/z 160) mapped the pathways supporting the observations. The outcomes help better define the central carbon metabolic network of R. solanacearum that can be integrated with 13C metabolic flux analysis as well as flux balance analysis studies for defining the metabolic phenotypes. IMPORTANCE Understanding the metabolic versatility of Ralstonia solanacearum is important, as it regulates the trade-off between virulence and metabolism (1, 2) in a wide range of plant hosts. Due to a lack of clear evidence until this work, several published research papers reported on the potential roles of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OxPPP) in R. solanacearum (3, 4). This work provided evidence from 13C stable isotope feeding and genome annotation-based comparative metabolic network analysis that the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and non-OxPPP bypass glycolysis and OxPPP during the oxidation of glucose, a component of the host xylem pool that serves as a potential carbon source (5). The outcomes help better define the central carbon metabolic network of R. solanacearum that can be integrated with 13C metabolic flux analysis as well as flux balance analysis studies for defining the metabolic phenotypes. The study highlights the need to critically examine phytopathogens whose metabolism is poorly understood.
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15
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Lomovatskaya LA, Romanenko AS. Secretion Systems of Bacterial Phytopathogens and Mutualists (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Applications and Trends of Machine Learning in Genomics and Phenomics for Next-Generation Breeding. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010034. [PMID: 31881663 PMCID: PMC7020215 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Crops are the major source of food supply and raw materials for the processing industry. A balance between crop production and food consumption is continually threatened by plant diseases and adverse environmental conditions. This leads to serious losses every year and results in food shortages, particularly in developing countries. Presently, cutting-edge technologies for genome sequencing and phenotyping of crops combined with progress in computational sciences are leading a revolution in plant breeding, boosting the identification of the genetic basis of traits at a precision never reached before. In this frame, machine learning (ML) plays a pivotal role in data-mining and analysis, providing relevant information for decision-making towards achieving breeding targets. To this end, we summarize the recent progress in next-generation sequencing and the role of phenotyping technologies in genomics-assisted breeding toward the exploitation of the natural variation and the identification of target genes. We also explore the application of ML in managing big data and predictive models, reporting a case study using microRNAs (miRNAs) to identify genes related to stress conditions.
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17
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Li P, Ohnishi K. Specific Reconstruction on pRC Plasmid to Facilitate Its Universal Chromosomal Integration in Different Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Strains. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1063-1066. [PMID: 30958087 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0004-le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pRC system is an efficient tool for genetic studies in Ralstonia solanacearum, ensuring direct insertion of foreign gene elements into Ralstonia chromosome downstream of glms. This system is designed for double recombination across glms and the downstream region, which considerably simplifies genetic studies of complementation, overexpression, pathogenicity, and in-vivo promoter activity assays with monocopy in R. solanacearum, one of the most destructive plant-pathogenic bacteria worldwide. R. solanacearum is extremely heterogeneous and is currently referred to as a Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC). The glms gene is greatly conserved, but its downstream regions are mostly different in the RSSC, which limits the application of the current pRC plasmid in the RSSC. We compared all existing 132 genome sequences in a precise genomic glms downstream region and confirmed that the pRC system is appropriate for application of chromosomal integration in all RSSC strains but needs respective reconstruction on current pRC plasmids, since glms downstream regions are greatly variable in the RSSC. RSSC strains can be grouped according to identical glms downstream regions. This grouping provides valuable information for gene insertion in this chromosomal region, as it facilitates universal application of the pRC system in RSSC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengsheng Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, China
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Research Institute of Molecular Genetics, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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18
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Zheng X, Li X, Wang B, Cheng D, Li Y, Li W, Huang M, Tan X, Zhao G, Song B, Macho AP, Chen H, Xie C. A systematic screen of conserved Ralstonia solanacearum effectors reveals the role of RipAB, a nuclear-localized effector that suppresses immune responses in potato. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:547-561. [PMID: 30499228 PMCID: PMC6637881 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Both Solanum tuberosum and Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype IIB originated in South America and share a long-term co-evolutionary history. However, our knowledge of potato bacterial wilt pathogenesis is scarce as a result of the technical difficulties of potato plant manipulation. Thus, we established a multiple screening system (virulence screen of effector mutants in potato, growth inhibition of yeast and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana) of core type III effectors (T3Es) of a major potato pathovar of phylotype IIB, to provide more research perspectives and biological tools. Using this system, we identified four effectors contributing to virulence during potato infection, with two exhibiting multiple phenotypes in two other systems, including RipAB. Further study showed that RipAB is an unknown protein with a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Furthermore, we generated a ripAB complementation strain and transgenic ripAB-expressing potato plants, and subsequent virulence assays confirmed that R. solanacearum requires RipAB for full virulence. Compared with wild-type potato, transcriptomic analysis of transgenic ripAB-expressing potato plants showed a significant down-regulation of Ca2+ signalling-related genes in the enriched Plant-Pathogen Interaction (PPI) gene ontology (GO) term. We further verified that, during infection, RipAB is required for the down-regulation of four Ca2+ sensors, Stcml5, Stcml23, Stcml-cast and Stcdpk2, and a Ca2+ transporter, Stcngc1. Further evidence showed that the immune-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst is attenuated in ripAB transgenic potato plants. In conclusion, a systematic screen of conserved R. solanacearum effectors revealed an important role for RipAB, which interferes with Ca2+ -dependent gene expression to promote disease development in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
| | - Bingsen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Mengshu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Guozhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Alberto P. Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201602China
| | - Huilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
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19
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da Silva Xavier A, de Almeida JCF, de Melo AG, Rousseau GM, Tremblay DM, de Rezende RR, Moineau S, Alfenas‐Zerbini P. Characterization of CRISPR-Cas systems in the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:223-239. [PMID: 30251378 PMCID: PMC6637880 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are composed of an array of short DNA repeat sequences separated by unique spacer sequences that are flanked by associated (Cas) genes. CRISPR-Cas systems are found in the genomes of several microbes and can act as an adaptive immune mechanism against invading foreign nucleic acids, such as phage genomes. Here, we studied the CRISPR-Cas systems in plant-pathogenic bacteria of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC). A CRISPR-Cas system was found in 31% of RSSC genomes present in public databases. Specifically, CRISPR-Cas types I-E and II-C were found, with I-E being the most common. The presence of the same CRISPR-Cas types in distinct Ralstonia phylotypes and species suggests the acquisition of the system by a common ancestor before Ralstonia species segregation. In addition, a Cas1 phylogeny (I-E type) showed a perfect geographical segregation of phylotypes, supporting an ancient acquisition. Ralstoniasolanacearum strains CFBP2957 and K60T were challenged with a virulent phage, and the CRISPR arrays of bacteriophage-insensitive mutants (BIMs) were analysed. No new spacer acquisition was detected in the analysed BIMs. The functionality of the CRISPR-Cas interference step was also tested in R. solanacearum CFBP2957 using a spacer-protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) delivery system, and no resistance was observed against phage phiAP1. Our results show that the CRISPR-Cas system in R. solanacearum CFBP2957 is not its primary antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André da Silva Xavier
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO)Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐000Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Fraleon de Almeida
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO)Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐000Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gonçalves de Melo
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bioinformatique, Faculté des Sciences et de GénieUniversité LavalQuébec CityQCGIV0A6Canada
| | - Geneviève M. Rousseau
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bioinformatique, Faculté des Sciences et de GénieUniversité LavalQuébec CityQCGIV0A6Canada
- Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, and GREB, Faculté de Médecine DentaireUniversité LavalQuébec CityQCGIV0A6Canada
| | - Denise M. Tremblay
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bioinformatique, Faculté des Sciences et de GénieUniversité LavalQuébec CityQCGIV0A6Canada
- Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, and GREB, Faculté de Médecine DentaireUniversité LavalQuébec CityQCGIV0A6Canada
| | - Rafael Reis de Rezende
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO)Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐000Brazil
| | - Sylvain Moineau
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie, et de Bioinformatique, Faculté des Sciences et de GénieUniversité LavalQuébec CityQCGIV0A6Canada
- Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, and GREB, Faculté de Médecine DentaireUniversité LavalQuébec CityQCGIV0A6Canada
| | - Poliane Alfenas‐Zerbini
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO)Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMG36570‐000Brazil
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20
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Raoul des Essarts Y, Pédron J, Blin P, Van Dijk E, Faure D, Van Gijsegem F. Common and distinctive adaptive traits expressed in
Dickeya dianthicola
and
Dickeya solani
pathogens when exploiting potato plant host. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1004-1018. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Raoul des Essarts
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CNRS CEA Univ. Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif‐sur‐Yvette Cedex France
- Research & DevelopmentPromotion of Seed Potatoes ‐ French Federation of Seed Potato Growers (RD3PT‐FN3PT) 43‐45 Rue de Naples, 75008, Paris France
| | - Jacques Pédron
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental sciences‐Paris 4 place Jussieu, F‐75252, Paris France
| | - Pauline Blin
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CNRS CEA Univ. Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif‐sur‐Yvette Cedex France
| | - Erwin Van Dijk
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CNRS CEA Univ. Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif‐sur‐Yvette Cedex France
| | - Denis Faure
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CNRS CEA Univ. Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif‐sur‐Yvette Cedex France
| | - Frédérique Van Gijsegem
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, Institute of Ecology and Environmental sciences‐Paris 4 place Jussieu, F‐75252, Paris France
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21
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Singh N, Phukan T, Sharma PL, Kabyashree K, Barman A, Kumar R, Sonti RV, Genin S, Ray SK. An Innovative Root Inoculation Method to Study Ralstonia solanacearum Pathogenicity in Tomato Seedlings. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:436-442. [PMID: 29182472 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-17-0291-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report Ralstonia solanacearum pathogenicity in the early stages of tomato seedlings by an innovative root inoculation method. Pathogenicity assays were performed under gnotobiotic conditions in microfuge tubes by employing only 6- to 7-day-old tomato seedlings for root inoculation. Tomato seedlings inoculated by this method exhibited the wilted symptom within 48 h and the virulence assay can be completed in 2 weeks. Colonization of the wilted seedlings by R. solanacearum was confirmed by using gus staining as well as fluorescence microscopy. Using this method, mutants in different virulence genes such as hrpB, phcA, and pilT could be clearly distinguished from wild-type R. solanacearum. The method described here is economic in terms of space, labor, and cost as well as the required quantity of bacterial inoculum. Thus, the newly developed assay is an easy and useful approach for investigating virulence functions of the pathogen at the seedling stage of hosts, and infection under these conditions appears to require pathogenicity mechanisms used by the pathogen for infection of adult plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singh
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - T Phukan
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - P L Sharma
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - K Kabyashree
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - A Barman
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - R Kumar
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - R V Sonti
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - S Genin
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - S K Ray
- First, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; seventh author: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India; and eighth author: LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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