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Jahan TA, Kalve S, Belak Z, Eskiw C, Tar’an B. Iron accumulation and partitioning in hydroponically grown wild and cultivated chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092493. [PMID: 37008497 PMCID: PMC10063876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a staple food in many developing countries where iron (Fe) deficiency often occurs in their population. The crop is a good source of protein, vitamins, and micronutrients. Fe biofortification in chickpea can be part of long-term strategy to enhance Fe intake in human diet to help to alleviate Fe deficiency. To develop cultivars with high Fe concentration in seeds, understanding the mechanisms of absorption and translocation of Fe into the seeds is critical. An experiment was conducted using a hydroponic system to evaluate Fe accumulation in seeds and other organs at different growth stages of selected genotypes of cultivated and wild relatives of chickpea. Plants were grown in media with Fe zero and Fe added conditions. Six chickpea genotypes were grown and harvested at six different growth stages: V3, V10, R2, R5, R6, and RH for analysis of Fe concentration in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. The relative expression of genes related to Fe-metabolism including FRO2, IRT1, NRAMP3, V1T1, YSL1, FER3, GCN2, and WEE1 was analyzed. The results showed that the highest and lowest accumulation of Fe throughout the plant growth stages were found in the roots and stems, respectively. Results of gene expression analysis confirmed that the FRO2 and IRT1 were involved in Fe uptake in chickpeas and expressed more in roots under Fe added condition. All transporter genes: NRAMP3, V1T1, YSL1 along with storage gene FER3 showed higher expression in leaves. In contrast, candidate gene WEE1 for Fe metabolism expressed more in roots under Fe affluent condition; however, GCN2 showed over-expression in roots under Fe zero condition. Current finding will contribute to better understanding of Fe translocation and metabolism in chickpea. This knowledge can further be used to develop chickpea varieties with high Fe in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna A. Jahan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shweta Kalve
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zachery Belak
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Christopher Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bunyamin Tar’an
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Singh N, Jain P, Ujinwal M, Langyan S. Escalate protein plates from legumes for sustainable human nutrition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:977986. [PMID: 36407518 PMCID: PMC9672682 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein is one of the most important, foremost, and versatile nutrients in food. The quantity and quality of protein are determinants of its nutritional values. Therefore, adequate consumption of high-quality protein is essential for optimal growth, development, and health of humans. Based on short-term nitrogen balance studies, the Recommended Dietary Allowance of protein for the healthy adult with minimal physical activity is 0.8 g protein/kg body weight (BW) per day. Proteins are present in good quantities in not only animals but also in plants, especially in legumes. With the growing demand for protein, interest in plant proteins is also rising due to their comparative low cost as well as the increase in consumers' demand originating from health and environmental concerns. Legumes are nutrient-dense foods, comprising components identified as "antinutritional factors" that can reduce the bioavailability of macro and micronutrients. Other than nutritive value, the physiochemical and behavioral properties of proteins during processing plays a significant role in determining the end quality of food. The term "complete protein" refers to when all nine essential amino acids are present in the correct proportion in our bodies. To have a balanced diet, the right percentage of protein is required for our body. The consumption of these high protein-containing foods will lead to protein sustainability and eradicate malnutrition. Here, we shed light on major opportunities to strengthen the contribution of diversity in legume crops products to sustainable diets. This review will boost awareness and knowledge on underutilized proteinous foods into national nutritional security programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Megha Ujinwal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sapna Langyan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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Smith MR, Dinglasan E, Veneklaas E, Polania J, Rao IM, Beebe SE, Merchant A. Effect of Drought and Low P on Yield and Nutritional Content in Common Bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:814325. [PMID: 35422826 PMCID: PMC9002355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in the tropics typically occurs in rainfed systems on marginal lands where yields are low, primarily as a consequence of drought and low phosphorus (P) availability in soil. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and chemical responses of 12 bush bean genotypes for adaptation to individual and combined stress factors of drought and low P availability. Water stress and P deficiency, both individually and combined, decreased seed weight and aboveground biomass by ∼80%. Water deficit and P deficiency decreased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance during plant development. Maximum rates of carboxylation, electron transport, and triose phosphate utilization were superior for two common bean genotypes (SEF60 and NCB226) that are better adapted to combined stress conditions of water deficit and low P compared to the commercial check (DOR390). In response to water deficit treatment, carbon isotope fractionation in the leaf tissue decreased at all developmental stages. Within the soluble leaf fraction, combined water deficit and low P, led to significant changes in the concentration of key nutrients and amino acids, whereas no impact was detected in the seed. Our results suggest that common bean genotypes have a degree of resilience in yield development, expressed in traits such as pod harvest index, and conservation of nutritional content in the seed. Further exploration of the chemical and physiological traits identified here will enhance the resilience of common bean production systems in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent R. Smith
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric Dinglasan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik Veneklaas
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jose Polania
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Stephen E. Beebe
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrew Merchant
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Sarkhel S, Roy A. Phytic acid and its reduction in pulse matrix: Structure–function relationship owing to bioavailability enhancement of micronutrients. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Sarkhel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Anupam Roy
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi Jharkhand India
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Hacisalihoglu G, Beisel NS, Settles AM. Characterization of pea seed nutritional value within a diverse population of Pisum sativum. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259565. [PMID: 34735531 PMCID: PMC8568279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a global concern that affects more than two billion people worldwide. Pea (Pisum sativum) is a nutritious pulse crop with potential to assist in tackling hidden hunger. Here we report seed ionomic data of 96 diverse pea accessions collected via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found a 100 g serving of peas provides the following average percent daily value for U.S. recommendations: 8% Ca, 39% Mg, 73% Cu, 37% Fe, 63% Mn, 45% Zn, 28% K, and 43% P. Correlations were observed between the majority of minerals tested suggesting strong interrelationships between mineral concentration levels. Hierarchical clustering identified fifteen accessions with high-ranking mineral concentrations. Thirty accessions could be compared to earlier inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) data, which revealed significant differences particularly for elements at extreme low or high levels of accumulation. These results improve our understanding of the range of variation in mineral content found in peas and provide additional mineral data resources for germplasm selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Hacisalihoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nicole S. Beisel
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - A. Mark Settles
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Shahzad R, Jamil S, Ahmad S, Nisar A, Khan S, Amina Z, Kanwal S, Aslam HMU, Gill RA, Zhou W. Biofortification of Cereals and Pulses Using New Breeding Techniques: Current and Future Perspectives. Front Nutr 2021; 8:721728. [PMID: 34692743 PMCID: PMC8528959 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.721728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals and pulses are consumed as a staple food in low-income countries for the fulfillment of daily dietary requirements and as a source of micronutrients. However, they are failing to offer balanced nutrition due to deficiencies of some essential compounds, macronutrients, and micronutrients, i.e., cereals are deficient in iron, zinc, some essential amino acids, and quality proteins. Meanwhile, the pulses are rich in anti-nutrient compounds that restrict the bioavailability of micronutrients. As a result, the population is suffering from malnutrition and resultantly different diseases, i.e., anemia, beriberi, pellagra, night blindness, rickets, and scurvy are common in the society. These facts highlight the need for the biofortification of cereals and pulses for the provision of balanced diets to masses and reduction of malnutrition. Biofortification of crops may be achieved through conventional approaches or new breeding techniques (NBTs). Conventional approaches for biofortification cover mineral fertilization through foliar or soil application, microbe-mediated enhanced uptake of nutrients, and conventional crossing of plants to obtain the desired combination of genes for balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Whereas, NBTs rely on gene silencing, gene editing, overexpression, and gene transfer from other species for the acquisition of balanced nutritional profiles in mutant plants. Thus, we have highlighted the significance of conventional and NBTs for the biofortification of cereals and pulses. Current and future perspectives and opportunities are also discussed. Further, the regulatory aspects of newly developed biofortified transgenic and/or non-transgenic crop varieties via NBTs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Shahzad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakra Jamil
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Maize Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amina Nisar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zarmaha Amina
- Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shamsa Kanwal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Verna G, Sila A, Liso M, Mastronardi M, Chieppa M, Cena H, Campiglia P. Iron-Enriched Nutritional Supplements for the 2030 Pharmacy Shelves. Nutrients 2021; 13:378. [PMID: 33530485 PMCID: PMC7912282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) affects people of all ages in many countries. Due to intestinal blood loss and reduced iron absorption, ID is a threat to IBD patients, women, and children the most. Current therapies can efficiently recover normal serum transferrin saturation and hemoglobin concentration but may cause several side effects, including intestinal inflammation. ID patients may benefit from innovative nutritional supplements that may satisfy iron needs without side effects. There is a growing interest in new iron-rich superfoods, like algae and mushrooms, which combine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with iron richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Verna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sila
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Bellaloui N, Saha S, Tonos JL, Scheffler JA, Jenkins JN, McCarty JC, Stelly DM. Effects of Interspecific Chromosome Substitution in Upland Cotton on Cottonseed Micronutrients. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1081. [PMID: 32842514 PMCID: PMC7569972 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients are essential for plant growth and development, and important for human health nutrition and livestock feed. Therefore, the discovery of novel germplasm with significant variability or higher micronutrients content in crop seeds is critical. Currently, there is no information available on the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution in cotton on cottonseed micronutrients. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chromosome or chromosome arm substitution on the variability and levels of micronutrients B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ni in cottonseed from chromosome substitution (CS) cotton lines. Our hypothesis was that interspecific chromosome substitution in cotton can affect cottonseed micronutrients content, resulting in significant differences and variabilities of these nutrients among CS lines and between CS lines and the controls. Nine CS lines were grown in two-field experiments at two locations (in 2013 in South Carolina, USA; and in 2014 in Mississippi, USA). TM-1 (the recurrent parent of the CS line) and AM UA48 (cultivar) were used as control. The results showed significant variability among CS lines compared to the controls AM UA48 and TM-1. For example, in South Carolina (SC), B concentration in cottonseed ranged from 10.35 mg kg-1 in CS-M02 to 13.67 mg kg-1 in CS-T04. The concentration of Cu ranged from 4.81 mg kg-1 in CS-B08sh to 7.65 mg kg-1 in CS-T02, and CS-T02 was higher than both controls. The concentration of Fe ranged from 36.09 mg kg-1 to 56.69 mg kg-1 (an increase up to 57%), and six CS lines (CS-B02, CS-B08sh, CS-M02, CS-M04, CS-T02, and CS-T04) had higher concentration than both controls in 2013. In 2014 at the Mississippi location (MS), similar observation was found with CS lines for micronutrients content. The CS lines with higher concentrations of these micronutrients can be used as a genetic tool toward QTL identification for desired seed traits because these lines are genetically similar with TM-1, except the substituted chromosome or chromosome segment pairs from the alien species. Chromosome substitution provides an effective means for upland cotton improvement by targeted interspecific introgression, yielding CS lines that facilitate trait discovery, such as seed micronutritional qualities, due to increased isogenicity and markedly reduced complexity from epistatic interactions with non-target alien chromosomes. The positive correlation between B, Cu, and Fe at both locations, between Ni and Mn, between Zn and Cu, and between Zn and Ni at both locations signify the importance of a good agricultural and fertilizer management of these nutrients to maintain higher cottonseed nutrient content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacer Bellaloui
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.L.T.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, 810 Highway 12 East, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (S.S.); (J.N.J.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Jennifer L. Tonos
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.L.T.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Jodi A. Scheffler
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.L.T.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Johnie N. Jenkins
- Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, 810 Highway 12 East, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (S.S.); (J.N.J.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Jack C. McCarty
- Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, 810 Highway 12 East, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (S.S.); (J.N.J.); (J.C.M.)
| | - David M. Stelly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Dogra N, Yadav R, Kaur M, Adhikary A, Kumar S, Ramakrishna W. Nutrient enhancement of chickpea grown with plant growth promoting bacteria in local soil of Bathinda, Northwestern India. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1251-1259. [PMID: 31564786 PMCID: PMC6745584 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhance crop productivity as part of green technology to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. They also have the capability to enhance macro- and micronutrient content of plants. In the present study, PGPB isolates belonging to Pseudomonas citronellis (PC), Pseudomonas sp. RA6, Serratia sp. S2, Serratia marcescens CDP13, and Frateuria aurantia (Symbion-K) were tested on two chickpea varieties, PBG1 and PBG5 grown for 30 days in local soil from Bathinda region in Northwestern India. PC and CDP13 were found to be better chickpea growth stimulators compared to the commercial Symbion-K based on shoot length and biomass. Most PGPB enhanced macro- and micronutrients in shoots to varying degrees compared to the control. PBG5 gave better response compared to PBG1 with reference to plant growth attributes and enhancement of the macronutrients, calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus and micronutrients, boron, copper, iron, and zinc. PBG5 is a high yielding variety with better resistance compared to PBG1. Overall, PGPB isolated from the local soil and PGPB from other parts of India were shown to be useful for enhancement of nutrient content and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Dogra
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Radheshyam Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Arindam Adhikary
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Bhagyawant SS, Gautam AK, Narvekar DT, Gupta N, Bhadkaria A, Srivastava N, Upadhyaya HD. Biochemical diversity evaluation in chickpea accessions employing mini-core collection. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1165-1183. [PMID: 30425432 PMCID: PMC6214431 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of chickpea provide an exceptional source of dietary proteins and is one of the important legumes in both developed and developing countries over the world. The available germplasm of cultivated chickpea is deficient in desired biochemical signatures. To identify new sources of variations for breeding, reduced subsets of germplasm such as mini-core collection can be explored as an effective resource. In the present investigation, mini-core collections consisting of 215 accessions of chickpea were extensively evaluated for tapping biochemical diversity. Analysis included ten biochemical parameters comprising total protein, total free amino acids, phytic acid, tannin, total phenolics, total flavonoids, lectin, DPPH radical scavenging activity, in vitro digestibility of protein and starch. The spectrum of diversity was documented for total protein (4.60-33.90%), total free amino acids (0.092-9.33 mg/g), phytic acid (0.009-4.06 mg/g), tannin (0.232-189.63 mg/g), total phenolics (0.15-0.81 mg/g), total flavonoids (0.04-1.57 mg/g), lectin (0.07-330.32 HU/mg), DPPH radical scavenging activity (26.74-49.11%), in vitro protein digestibility (59.45-76.22%) and in vitro starch digestibility (45.63-298.39 mg of maltose/g). The principal component analysis revealed association of chickpea higher protein content to the lower level of total phenolics and flavonoid contents. The dendrogram obtained by unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average cluster analysis grouped the chickpea accessions into two major clusters. This is the first comprehensive report on biochemical diversity analysed in the mini-core chickpea accessions. The ultimate purpose of conducting such studies was to deliver information on nutritional characteristics for effective breeding programmes. Depending on the objectives of the breeding aforesaid accessions could be employed as a parent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Kumar Gautam
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | | | - Neha Gupta
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Amita Bhadkaria
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidhyapeeth, Banasthali, India
| | - Hari D. Upadhyaya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana India
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