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Nutritional biology of chestnuts: A perspective review. Food Chem 2022; 395:133575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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2
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Carlson E, Stewart K, Baier K, McGuigan L, Culpepper T, Powell W. Pathogen-induced expression of a blight tolerance transgene in American chestnut. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:370-382. [PMID: 34841616 PMCID: PMC8828690 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is a susceptible host of the invasive necrotrophic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which causes chestnut blight disease. The fungal pathogen attacks chestnut stems by invading wounded tissue and secreting oxalate. This process leads to the death of infected host cells and the formation of cankers, eventually girdling stems and killing the tree above the infections. To reduce damage caused by fungal oxalate, American chestnut has been genetically engineered to express a wheat oxalate oxidase (OxO). This enzyme degrades the oxalate produced by the pathogen and confers elevated tolerance to Cryphonectria parasitica infection. We report new lines of transgenic American chestnut that have been developed with the win3.12 inducible promoter from poplar (Populus deltoides) driving OxO expression. This promoter is responsive to both wounding and pathogen infection, with a low level of baseline expression. Targeted expression of OxO to wounded and infected tissue is sought as an alternative to constitutive expression for potential metabolic resource conservation and transgene stability over the long lifetime of a tree and over successive generations of breeding. Transgenic Castanea dentata lines harbouring the win3.12-OxO construct were evaluated for transgene expression patterns and tolerance to chestnut blight infection. OxO transcript levels were low in uninfected plants, but robust infection-induced expression levels were observed, with one transgenic line reaching levels comparable to those of previously characterized CaMV35S-OxO lines. In chestnut blight infection bioassays, win3.12-OxO lines showed elevated disease tolerance similar to blight-resistant Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Carlson
- Department of Environmental BiologySUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Kristen Stewart
- Department of Environmental BiologySUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Kathleen Baier
- Department of Environmental BiologySUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Linda McGuigan
- Department of Environmental BiologySUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Tobi Culpepper
- Department of Environmental BiologySUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - William Powell
- Department of Environmental BiologySUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
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Senior JK, Gundale MJ, Iason GR, Whitham TG, Axelsson EP. Progeny selection for enhanced forest growth alters soil communities and processes. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John K. Senior
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Michael J. Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | | | - Thomas G. Whitham
- Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - E. Petter Axelsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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Newhouse AE, Allwine AE, Oakes AD, Matthews DF, McArt SH, Powell WA. Bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) survival, pollen usage, and reproduction are not affected by oxalate oxidase at realistic concentrations in American chestnut (Castanea dentata) pollen. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:751-764. [PMID: 34110572 PMCID: PMC8580921 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic American chestnut trees expressing a wheat gene for oxalate oxidase (OxO) can tolerate chestnut blight, but as with any new restoration material, they should be carefully evaluated before being released into the environment. Native pollinators such as bumble bees are of particular interest: Bombus impatiens use pollen for both a source of nutrition and a hive building material. Bees are regular visitors to American chestnut flowers and likely contribute to their pollination, so depending on transgene expression in chestnut pollen, they could be exposed to this novel source of OxO during potential restoration efforts. To evaluate the potential risk to bees from OxO exposure, queenless microcolonies of bumble bees were supplied with American chestnut pollen containing one of two concentrations of OxO, or a no-OxO control. Bees in microcolonies exposed to a conservatively estimated field-realistic concentration of OxO in pollen performed similarly to no-OxO controls; there were no significant differences in survival, bee size, pollen use, hive construction activity, or reproduction. A ten-fold increase in OxO concentration resulted in noticeable but non-significant decreases in some measures of pollen usage and reproduction compared to the no-OxO control. These effects are similar to what is often seen when naturally produced secondary metabolites are supplied to bees at unrealistically high concentrations. Along with the presence of OxO in many other environmental sources, these data collectively suggest that oxalate oxidase at field-realistic concentrations in American chestnut pollen is unlikely to present substantial risk to bumble bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Newhouse
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Anastasia E Allwine
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Allison D Oakes
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Dakota F Matthews
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Scott H McArt
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 2130 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William A Powell
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Aucott M, Parker RA. Medical biotechnology as a paradigm for forest restoration and introduction of the transgenic American chestnut. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:190-196. [PMID: 32506503 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For over 40 years, biotechnology and genetic engineering (GE) have been used in the development of medicines and biologic agents important in protecting and augmenting human health and have been met with broad public acceptance in the health care arena. GE has also been used to improve and develop plants important to agriculture and forestry, but in these areas, it has often encountered intense opposition that has prevented or delayed the introduction of potentially useful plants. Much of the opposition to GE's application in agriculture and forestry may be driven by concerns that GE plants will serve primarily to encourage the domination of the food and wood products industries by monopolistic corporations or will be disruptive to the environment. But to conflate genetic modifications intended to promote healthy ecosystems or preserve threatened species with GE projects aimed at benefiting corporate agriculture and forestry is misleading and illogical. Further, the pervasive human disruption and damage to forest ecosystems makes it prudent to bring the best that science can offer to the protection and restoration of critical woodland denizens and broader ecosystem health. The notion that minimal human intervention in the forest environment may be the best approach ignores humanity's responsibility to help manage and protect some of the very places that have been most damaged by human intrusion. GE intended to improve forest health should be afforded the same consideration, acceptance, and support as GE intended to improve human health. These efforts should include the use of GE technology such as carefully developed transgenic trees to cure ongoing forest pathogenesis, such as the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), which threatens to drive the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) to extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aucott
- Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, PO Box 7718, Ewing, New Jersey, 08629, U.S.A
| | - Rex A Parker
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb (retired), Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, U.S.A
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Brown AJ, Newhouse AE, Powell WA, Parry D. Comparative efficacy of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) entomopathogens on transgenic blight-tolerant and wild-type American, Chinese, and hybrid chestnuts (Fagales: Fagaceae). INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1067-1078. [PMID: 31339228 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) was once the dominant hardwood species in Eastern North America before an exotic fungal pathogen, Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr, functionally eliminated it across its range. One promising approach toward restoring American chestnut to natural forests is development of blight-tolerant trees using genetic transformation. However, transformation and related processes can result in unexpected and unintended phenotypic changes, potentially altering ecological interactions. To assess unintended tritrophic impacts of transgenic American chestnut on plant-herbivore interactions, gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) caterpillars were fed leaf disks excised from two transgenic events, Darling 54 and Darling 58, and four control American chestnut lines. Leaf disks were previously treated with an LD50 dose of either the species-specific Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) or the generalist pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk). Mortality was quantified and compared to water blank controls. Tree genotype had a strong effect on the efficacies of both pathogens. Larval mortality from Btk-treated foliage from only one transgenic event, Darling 54, differed from its isogenic progenitor, Ellis 1, but was similar to an unrelated wild-type American chestnut control. LdMNPV efficacy was unaffected by genetic transformation. Results suggest that although genetic modification of trees may affect interactions with other nontarget organisms, this may be due to insertion effects, and variation among different genotypes (whether transgenic or wild-type) imparts a greater change in response than transgene presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Brown
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Andrew E Newhouse
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - William A Powell
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Dylan Parry
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Janjic A. Assisted Evolution in Astrobiology-Convergence of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology within the Context of Planetary Colonization. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:1410-1417. [PMID: 31657949 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In ecology and conservation biology, the concept of assisted evolution aims at the optimization of the resilience of organisms and populations to changing environmental conditions. What has hardly been considered so far is that this concept is also relevant for future astrobiological research, since in artificial extraterrestrial habitats (e.g., plants and insects in martian greenhouses) novel environmental conditions will also affect the survival and performance of organisms. The question therefore arises whether and how space-relevant organisms can be artificially adapted to the desired circumstances in advance. Based on several adaptation and acclimatization strategies in wild ecosystems of Earth, I discuss which methods can be considered for assisted evolution in the context of astrobiological research. This includes enhanced selective breeding, induction of epigenetic inheritance, and genetic engineering, as well as possible problems of these applications. This short overview article aims to stimulate an emerging discussion as to whether humans, which are already prominent drivers of Earth's evolution, should consider such interventions for future planetary colonization as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Janjic
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
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Breed MF, Harrison PA, Blyth C, Byrne M, Gaget V, Gellie NJC, Groom SVC, Hodgson R, Mills JG, Prowse TAA, Steane DA, Mohr JJ. The potential of genomics for restoring ecosystems and biodiversity. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 20:615-628. [PMID: 31300751 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-019-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Billions of hectares of natural ecosystems have been degraded through human actions. The global community has agreed on targets to halt and reverse these declines, and the restoration sector faces the important but arduous task of implementing programmes to meet these objectives. Existing and emerging genomics tools offer the potential to improve the odds of achieving these targets. These tools include population genomics that can improve seed sourcing, meta-omics that can improve assessment and monitoring of restoration outcomes, and genome editing that can generate novel genotypes for restoring challenging environments. We identify barriers to adopting these tools in a restoration context and emphasize that regulatory and ethical frameworks are required to guide their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Breed
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Peter A Harrison
- School of Natural Sciences, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Colette Blyth
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Virginie Gaget
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C Gellie
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott V C Groom
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Riley Hodgson
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob G Mills
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas A A Prowse
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorothy A Steane
- School of Natural Sciences, Australian Research Council Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jakki J Mohr
- College of Business, Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Reazin C, Baird R, Clark S, Jumpponen A. Chestnuts bred for blight resistance depart nursery with distinct fungal rhizobiomes. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:313-324. [PMID: 31129728 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Restoration of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is underway using backcross breeding that confers chestnut blight disease resistance from Asian chestnuts (most often Castanea mollissima) to the susceptible host. Successful restoration will depend on blight resistance and performance of hybrid seedlings, which can be impacted by below-ground fungal communities. We compared fungal communities in roots and rhizospheres (rhizobiomes) of nursery-grown, 1-year-old chestnut seedlings from different genetic families of American chestnut, Chinese chestnut, and hybrids from backcross breeding generations as well as those present in the nursery soil. We specifically focused on the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi that may facilitate host performance in the nursery and aid in seedling establishment after outplanting. Seedling rhizobiomes and nursery soil communities were distinct and seedlings recruited heterogeneous communities from shared nursery soil. The rhizobiomes included EcM fungi as well as endophytes, putative pathogens, and likely saprobes, but their relative proportions varied widely within and among the chestnut families. Notably, hybrid seedlings that hosted few EcM fungi hosted a large proportion of potential pathogens and endophytes, with possible consequences in outplanting success. Our data show that chestnut seedlings recruit divergent rhizobiomes and depart nurseries with communities that may facilitate or compromise the seedling performance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Baird
- BCH-EPP Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Stacy Clark
- Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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Powell WA, Newhouse AE, Coffey V. Developing Blight-Tolerant American Chestnut Trees. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:a034587. [PMID: 31110131 PMCID: PMC6601460 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An invasive fungal pathogen has reduced the American chestnut (Castanea dentata), once a keystone tree species within its natural range in the eastern United States and Canada, to functional extinction. To help restore this important canopy tree, blight-tolerant American chestnut trees have been developed using an oxalate oxidase-encoding gene from wheat. This enzyme breaks down oxalate, which is produced by the pathogen and forms killing cankers. Expressing oxalate oxidase results in blight tolerance, where the tree and the fungus can coexist, which is a more evolutionarily stable relationship than direct pathogen resistance. Genetic engineering (GE) typically makes a very small change in the tree's genome, potentially avoiding incompatible gene interactions that have been detected in some chestnut hybrids. The GE American chestnut also retains all the wild American chestnut's alleles for habitat adaptation, which are important for a forest ecosystem restoration program.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Powell
- American Chestnut Research and Restoration Project, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Andrew E Newhouse
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Vernon Coffey
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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Lebedev VG, Krutovsky KV, Shestibratov KA. …Fell Upas Sits, the Hydra-Tree of Death †, or the Phytotoxicity of Trees. Molecules 2019; 24:E1636. [PMID: 31027270 PMCID: PMC6514861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products that can serve as natural herbicides and insecticides is a promising direction because of their greater safety for humans and environment. Secondary metabolites of plants that are toxic to plants and insects-allelochemicals-can be used as such products. Woody plants can produce allelochemicals, but they are studied much less than herbaceous species. Meanwhile, there is a problem of interaction of woody species with neighboring plants in the process of introduction or invasion, co-cultivation with agricultural crops (agroforestry) or in plantation forestry (multiclonal or multispecies plantations). This review describes woody plants with the greatest allelopathic potential, allelochemicals derived from them, and the prospects for their use as biopesticides. In addition, the achievement of and the prospects for the use of biotechnology methods in relation to the allelopathy of woody plants are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim G Lebedev
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin V Krutovsky
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Str. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 50a/2 Akademgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, 495 Horticulture Rd, College Station, TX 77843-2138, USA.
| | - Konstantin A Shestibratov
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospect Nauki, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia.
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Song GQ, Prieto H, Orbovic V. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Tree Fruit Crops: Methods, Progress, and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:226. [PMID: 30881368 PMCID: PMC6405644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been a desirable tool to manipulate single or multiple genes of existing genotypes of woody fruit crops, for which conventional breeding is a difficult and lengthy process due to heterozygosity, sexual incompatibility, juvenility, or a lack of natural sources. To date, successful transformation has been reported for many fruit crops. We review the major progress in genetic transformation of these fruit crops made in the past 5 years, emphasizing reproducible transformation protocols as well as the strategies that have been tested in fruit crops. While direct transformation of scion cultivars was mostly used for fruit quality improvement, biotic and abiotic tolerance, and functional gene analysis, transgrafting on genetically modified (GM) rootstocks showed a potential to produce non-GM fruit products. More recently, genome editing technology has demonstrated a potential for gene(s) manipulation of several fruit crops. However, substantial efforts are still needed to produce plants from gene-edited cells, for which tremendous challenge remains in the context of either cell's recalcitrance to regeneration or inefficient gene-editing due to their polyploidy. We propose that effective transient transformation and efficient regeneration are the key for future utilization of genome editing technologies for improvement of fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Humberto Prieto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, La Platina Station, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Vladimir Orbovic
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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Goldspiel HB, Newhouse AE, Powell WA, Gibbs JP. Effects of transgenic American chestnut leaf litter on growth and survival of wood frog larvae. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison B. Goldspiel
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse NY 13210 U.S.A
| | - Andrew E. Newhouse
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse NY 13210 U.S.A
| | - William A. Powell
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse NY 13210 U.S.A
| | - James P. Gibbs
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse NY 13210 U.S.A
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