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Vyas KD, Singh A. Juncus rigidus high biomass and cellulose productivity under wastewater salinity stress - A paradigm shift to the valorization of RO reject water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173076. [PMID: 38734100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The use of water purifiers is intensively catching up and disposing of reverse osmosis reject water is of great concern. Reject water management using conventional methods is costly and harmful to the environment. To address this issue, the present study aims to utilize reverse osmosis reject wastewater using an eco-friendly approach. Juncus rigidus was treated with reject wastewater containing different salinity levels. Wastewater-treated plant dry biomass increased with increasing reject water salinity, and 625.3 g dry biomass recovered in treatment-B (~18,520 ppm). However, ~23,220 ppm wastewater salinity was lethal to the plants. The cellulose was extracted by alkali hydrolysis. The cellulose content in the wastewater-treated biomass was significantly higher in Treatment-B compared to both the control and Treatment-A (~12,744 ppm). The water salinity enhanced the cellulose (26.49 %) production in J. rigidus. Cellulose purity was confirmed using spectroscopic and thermogravimetric means. XRD shows highest crystallinity Index (77.29) with a d-spacing of 4.7 Å and 5.7 nm crystallite size in treatment-B. FTIR results reveal well-defined relevant peaks for OH, CH, CO, CH2, C-O-C, CO groups in treatment-B cellulose. Salinity impacts carboxyl groups in treatment B cellulose with a sharper and intense peak at 1644 cm-1 responsible for water absorption. Treatment-B exhibits higher thermal stability due to increased crystallinity. DSC shows endothermic depolymerization of cellulose with distinct peaks for different treatments. Morphological traits got better with increasing salinity with no adverse effect on cellulose. Salinity moderately affected the water absorption capacity of cellulose. All cellulose samples were devoid of gram-negative bacteria known by microbial test. This pioneering work underscores the plant's remarkable capacity not only to accomplish the circular economy by the valorization of wastewater obtained from various water purifiers for Juncus cultivation for cellulose production for diverse applications but also to generate income from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupali Dipakbhai Vyas
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aneesha Singh
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Prusty A, Mehra P, Sharma S, Malik N, Agarwal P, Parida SK, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK. OsMED14_2, a tail module subunit of Mediator complex, controls rice development and involves jasmonic acid. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112146. [PMID: 38848769 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The Mediator complex is essential for eukaryotic transcription, yet its role and the function of its individual subunits in plants, especially in rice, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the function of OsMED14_2, a subunit of the Mediator tail module, in rice development. Overexpression and knockout of OsMED14_2 resulted in notable changes in panicle morphology and grain size. Microscopic analysis revealed impact of overexpression on pollen maturation, reflected by reduced viability, irregular shapes, and aberrant intine development. OsMED14_2 was found to interact with proteins involved in pollen development, namely, OsMADS62, OsMADS63 and OsMADS68, and its overexpression negatively affected the expression of OsMADS68 and the expression of other genes involved in intine development, including OsCAP1, OsGCD1, OsRIP1, and OsCPK29. Additionally, we found that OsMED14_2 overexpression influences jasmonic acid (JA) homeostasis, affecting bioactive JA levels, and expression of OsJAZ genes. Our data suggest OsMED14_2 may act as a regulator of JA-responsive genes through its interactions with OsHDAC6 and OsJAZ repressors. These findings contribute to better understanding of the Mediator complex's role in plant traits regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Prusty
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Poonam Mehra
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India; Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Naveen Malik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India.
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Zhou F, Zhang H, Chen S, Fan C. Transcriptome analysis of the transition from primary to secondary growth of vertical stem in Eucalyptus grandis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38331783 PMCID: PMC10851593 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Eucalyptus was one of the most cultivated hardwood species worldwide, with rapid growth, good wood properties and a wide range of adaptability. Eucalyptus stem undergoes primary growth (longitudinal growth) followed by secondary growth (radial growth), which produces biomass that is an important source of energy worldwide. In order to better understand the genetic regulation of secondary growth in Eucalyptus grandis, Transcriptome analyses in stem segments along a developmental gradient from the third internode to the eleventh internode of E. grandis that spanned primary to secondary growth were carried out. 5,149 genes that were differentially expressed during stem development were identified. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) selected from 868 DEGs with high connectivity were found to be closely correlated with secondary growth. Results revealed that the differential expression of these DEGs suggests that they may involve in the primary growth or secondary growth. AP1, YAB2 TFs and EXP genes are highly expressed in the IN3, whereas NAC, MYB TFs are likely to be important for secondary growth. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events of secondary growth and provide a foundation for future studies on wood formation in Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration On Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Mishra A, Mishra TK, Nanda S, Mohanty MK, Dash M. A comprehensive review on genetic modification of plant cell wall for improved saccharification efficiency. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10509-10524. [PMID: 37921982 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The focus is now on harnessing energy from green sources through sustainable technology to minimize environmental pollution. Several crop residues including rice and wheat straw are having enormous potential to be used as lignocellulosic source material for bioenergy production. The lignocellulosic feedstock is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin cell wall polymers. The hemicellulose and lignin polymers induce crosslinks in the cell wall, by firmly associating with cellulose microfibrils, and thereby, denying considerable access of cellulose to cellulase enzymes. This issue has been addressed by various researchers through downregulating several genes associated in monolignol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Poplar, Rice and Switchgrass to increase ethanol recovery. Similarly, xylan biosynthetic genes are also targeted to genetically culminate its accumulation in the secondary cell walls. Regulation of cellulose synthases (CesA) proves to be an effective tool in addressing the negative impact of these two factors. Modification in the expression of cellulose synthase aids in reducing cellulose crystallinity as well as polymerisation degree which in turn increases ethanol recovery. The engineered bioenergy crops and various fungal strains with state of art biomass processing techniques presents the most recent integrative biotechnology model for cost effective green fuels generation along with production of key value-added products with minuscule disturbances in the environment. Plant breeding strategies utilizing the existing variability for biomass traits will be key in developing dual purpose varieties. For this purpose, reorientation of conventional breeding techniques for incorporating useful biomass traits will be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Mishra
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Mishra
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Spandan Nanda
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Mohanty
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manasi Dash
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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A receptor-like kinase controls the amplitude of secondary cell wall synthesis in rice. Curr Biol 2023; 33:498-506.e6. [PMID: 36638797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall expansion is a key element in determining plant morphology and growth, and cell wall integrity changes are relayed to the cell to fine-tune growth responses. Here, we show that variations in the ectodomain of a cell wall-associated receptor-like kinase, WAK10, in temperate Oryza japonica accessions differentially amplify fluctuations in cell wall integrity to control rice stem height. Mutation in the WAK10 gene exhibited increased cell wall thickening in stem sclerenchyma and reduced cell expansion in the stem. Two WAK10 ectodomain variants bound pectic oligosaccharides with different affinities. The pectic oligosaccharide binding regulated WAK10 phosphorylation activity, the amplitude of secondary wall deposition, and ultimately, stem height. Rice population analyses revealed active enrichment of the short-stem WAK10 ectodomain alleles in japonica subspecies during domestication. Our study outlines not only a mechanism for how variations in ligand affinities of a receptor kinase control cell wall biosynthesis and plant growth, but it also provides breeding targets for new semi-dwarf rice cultivars.
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Bharathi JK, Anandan R, Benjamin LK, Muneer S, Prakash MAS. Recent trends and advances of RNA interference (RNAi) to improve agricultural crops and enhance their resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:600-618. [PMID: 36529010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, significant advances have been made using genetic engineering technology to modify genes from various exotic origins and introduce them into plants to induce favorable traits. RNA interference (RNAi) was discovered earlier as a natural process for controlling the expression of genes across all higher species. It aims to enhance precision and accuracy in pest/pathogen resistance, quality improvement, and manipulating the architecture of plants. However, it existed as a widely used technique recently. RNAi technologies could well be used to down-regulate any genes' expression without disrupting the expression of other genes. The use of RNA interference to silence genes in various organisms has become the preferred method for studying gene functions. The establishment of new approaches and applications for enhancing desirable characters is essential in crops by gene suppression and the refinement of knowledge of endogenous RNAi mechanisms in plants. RNAi technology in recent years has become an important and choicest method for controlling insects, pests, pathogens, and abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, and temperature. Although there are certain drawbacks in efficiency of this technology such as gene candidate selection, stability of trigger molecule, choice of target species and crops. Nevertheless, from past decade several target genes has been identified in numerous crops for their improvement towards biotic and abiotic stresses. The current review is aimed to emphasize the research done on crops under biotic and abiotic stress using RNAi technology. The review also highlights the gene regulatory pathways/gene silencing, RNA interference, RNAi knockdown, RNAi induced biotic and abiotic resistance and advancements in the understanding of RNAi technology and the functionality of various components of the RNAi machinery in crops for their improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi Kanmani Bharathi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramaswamy Anandan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lincy Kirubhadharsini Benjamin
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Muthu Arjuna Samy Prakash
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Sakamoto S, Mitsuda N, Ren A, Persson S, Zhang D. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 34 promotes secondary cell wall thickening and strength of rice peduncles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1806-1820. [PMID: 36047836 PMCID: PMC9614485 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and lignin are critical cell wall components for plant morphogenesis and adaptation to environmental conditions. The cytoskeleton supports cell wall deposition, but much of the underpinning regulatory components remain unknown. Here, we show that an APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) family transcription factor, OsERF34, directly promotes the expression of the actin- and microtubule-binding protein Rice Morphology Determinant (RMD) in rice (Oryza sativa) peduncles. OsERF34 and RMD are highly expressed in sclerenchymatous peduncle cells that are fortified by thick secondary cell walls (SCWs) that provide mechanical peduncle strength. erf34 and rmd-1 mutants contained lower cellulose and lignin contents and thinner SCWs, while ERF34 over-expressing (OE) lines maintained high cellulose and lignin content with thicker SCWs. These characteristics impacted peduncle mechanical strength, that is, reduced strength in erf34 and rmd-1 and increased strength of ERF34 OE plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the OsERF34-RMD cascade positively regulates SCW synthesis and mechanical strength in rice peduncles, which is important for yield, and provide a potential guide for improved peduncle breeding efforts in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zengyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | | | - Anran Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, 5064, Australia
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De Caroli M, Rampino P, Pecatelli G, Girelli CR, Fanizzi FP, Piro G, Lenucci MS. Expression of Exogenous GFP-CesA6 in Tobacco Enhances Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Biomass Production. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081139. [PMID: 36009766 PMCID: PMC9405164 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane by an enzymatic complex constituted by different cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins. The overexpression of CesA genes has been assessed for increasing cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass. In this study, we analyzed transgenic tobacco plants (F31 line), stably expressing the Arabidopsis CesA6 fused to GFP, for possible variations in the cellulose biosynthesis. We found that F31 plants were bigger than the wild-type (wt), showing significant increases of stem height, root length, and leaf area. They bloomed about 3 weeks earlier and yielded more flowers and seeds than wt. In the F31 leaves, the expression of the exogenous GFP-CesA6 prompted the overexpression of all CesAs involved in the synthesis of primary cell wall cellulose and of other proteins responsible for plant cell wall building and remodeling. Instead, secondary cell wall CesAs were not affected. In the F31 stem, showing a 3.3-fold increase of the secondary xylem thickness, both primary and secondary CesAs expression was differentially modulated. Significantly, the amounts of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides increased in the transformed seedlings. The results evidence the potentiality to overexpress primary CesAs in tobacco for biomass production increase. Abstract Improved cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass represent important economic targets for several biotechnological applications including bioenergy and biofuel production. The attempts to increase the biosynthesis of cellulose by overexpressing CesAs proteins, components of the cellulose synthase complex, has not always produced consistent results. Analyses of morphological and molecular data and of the chemical composition of cell walls showed that tobacco plants (F31 line), stably expressing the Arabidopsis CesA6 fused to GFP, exhibits a “giant” phenotype with no apparent other morphological aberrations. In the F31 line, all evaluated growth parameters, such as stem and root length, leaf size, and lignified secondary xylem, were significantly higher than in wt. Furthermore, F31 line exhibited increased flower and seed number, and an advance of about 20 days in the anthesis. In the leaves of F31 seedlings, the expression of primary CesAs (NtCesA1, NtCesA3, and NtCesA6) was enhanced, as well as of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of non-cellulosic polysaccharides (xyloglucans and galacturonans, NtXyl4, NtGal10), cell wall remodeling (NtExp11 and XTHs), and cell expansion (NtPIP1.1 and NtPIP2.7). While in leaves the expression level of all secondary cell wall CesAs (NtCesA4, NtCesA7, and NtCesA8) did not change significantly, both primary and secondary CesAs were differentially expressed in the stem. The amount of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides significantly increased in the F31 seedlings with no differences in pectin and hemicellulose glycosyl composition. Our results highlight the potentiality to overexpress primary CesAs in tobacco plants to enhance cellulose synthesis and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-0832-298613 (M.D.C.); +39-0832-298611 (G.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Piro
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-0832-298613 (M.D.C.); +39-0832-298611 (G.P.)
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9
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Maceda-López LF, Góngora-Castillo EB, Ibarra-Laclette E, Morán-Velázquez DC, Girón Ramírez A, Bourdon M, Villalpando-Aguilar JL, Toomer G, Tang JZ, Azadi P, Santamaría JM, López-Rosas I, López MG, Simpson J, Alatorre-Cobos F. Transcriptome Mining Provides Insights into Cell Wall Metabolism and Fiber Lignification in Agave tequilana Weber. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111496. [PMID: 35684270 PMCID: PMC9182668 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Resilience of growing in arid and semiarid regions and a high capacity of accumulating sugar-rich biomass with low lignin percentages have placed Agave species as an emerging bioenergy crop. Although transcriptome sequencing of fiber-producing agave species has been explored, molecular bases that control wall cell biogenesis and metabolism in agave species are still poorly understood. Here, through RNAseq data mining, we reconstructed the cellulose biosynthesis pathway and the phenylpropanoid route producing lignin monomers in A. tequilana, and evaluated their expression patterns in silico and experimentally. Most of the orthologs retrieved showed differential expression levels when they were analyzed in different tissues with contrasting cellulose and lignin accumulation. Phylogenetic and structural motif analyses of putative CESA and CAD proteins allowed to identify those potentially involved with secondary cell wall formation. RT-qPCR assays revealed enhanced expression levels of AtqCAD5 and AtqCESA7 in parenchyma cells associated with extraxylary fibers, suggesting a mechanism of formation of sclerenchyma fibers in Agave similar to that reported for xylem cells in model eudicots. Overall, our results provide a framework for understanding molecular bases underlying cell wall biogenesis in Agave species studying mechanisms involving in leaf fiber development in monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Maceda-López
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Campeche, Carretera Haltunchén-Edzná km 17.5, Sihochac, Campeche 24450, Mexico; (L.F.M.-L.); (D.C.M.-V.); (J.L.V.-A.)
| | - Elsa B. Góngora-Castillo
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Ibarra-Laclette
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C. Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, Mexico;
| | - Dalia C. Morán-Velázquez
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Campeche, Carretera Haltunchén-Edzná km 17.5, Sihochac, Campeche 24450, Mexico; (L.F.M.-L.); (D.C.M.-V.); (J.L.V.-A.)
| | - Amaranta Girón Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico; (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Matthieu Bourdon
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK;
| | - José L. Villalpando-Aguilar
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Campeche, Carretera Haltunchén-Edzná km 17.5, Sihochac, Campeche 24450, Mexico; (L.F.M.-L.); (D.C.M.-V.); (J.L.V.-A.)
| | - Gabriela Toomer
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616, USA;
| | - John Z. Tang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.Z.T.); (P.A.)
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.Z.T.); (P.A.)
| | - Jorge M. Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico; (A.G.R.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Itzel López-Rosas
- CONACYT-Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Campeche, Carretera Haltunchén-Edzná km 17.5, Sihochac, Campeche 24450, Mexico;
| | - Mercedes G. López
- Departmento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato 36824, Mexico;
| | - June Simpson
- Departmento de Ingeniería Genetica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato 36824, Mexico;
| | - Fulgencio Alatorre-Cobos
- CONACYT-Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Campeche, Carretera Haltunchén-Edzná km 17.5, Sihochac, Campeche 24450, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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Tiedge K, Destremps J, Solano-Sanchez J, Arce-Rodriguez ML, Zerbe P. Foxtail mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:71. [PMID: 35644680 PMCID: PMC9150325 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the genome for the allotetraploid bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been established, limitations in mutant resources have hampered in planta gene function studies toward crop optimization. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a versatile technique for transient genetic studies. Here we report the implementation of foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV)-mediated gene silencing in switchgrass in above- and below-ground tissues and at different developmental stages. RESULTS The study demonstrated that leaf rub-inoculation is a suitable method for systemic gene silencing in switchgrass. For all three visual marker genes, Magnesium chelatase subunit D (ChlD) and I (ChlI) as well as phytoene desaturase (PDS), phenotypic changes were observed in leaves, albeit at different intensities. Gene silencing efficiency was verified by RT-PCR for all tested genes. Notably, systemic gene silencing was also observed in roots, although silencing efficiency was stronger in leaves (~ 63-94%) as compared to roots (~ 48-78%). Plants at a later developmental stage were moderately less amenable to VIGS than younger plants, but also less perturbed by the viral infection. CONCLUSIONS Using FoMV-mediated VIGS could be achieved in switchgrass leaves and roots, providing an alternative approach for studying gene functions and physiological traits in this important bioenergy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Tiedge
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, USA.
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, USA
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11
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Yoshida K, Sakamoto S, Mitsuda N. In Planta Cell Wall Engineering: From Mutants to Artificial Cell Walls. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1813-1827. [PMID: 34718770 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate the effects of global warming and to preserve the limited fossil fuel resources, an increased exploitation of plant-based materials and fuels is required, which would be one of the most important innovations related to sustainable development. Cell walls account for the majority of plant dry biomass and so is the target of such innovations. In this review, we discuss recent advances in in planta cell wall engineering through genetic manipulations, with a focus on wild-type-based and mutant-based approaches. The long history of using a wild-type-based approach has resulted in the development of many strategies for manipulating lignin, hemicellulose and pectin to decrease cell wall recalcitrance. In addition to enzyme-encoding genes, many transcription factor genes important for changing relevant cell wall characteristics have been identified. Although mutant-based cell wall engineering is relatively new, it has become feasible due to the rapid development of genome-editing technologies and systems biology-related research; we will soon enter an age of designed artificial wood production via complex genetic manipulations of many industrially important trees and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Yoshida
- Technology Center, Taisei Corporation, Nase-cho 344-1, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0051 Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
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12
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Zhang S, Jiang Z, Chen J, Han Z, Chi J, Li X, Yu J, Xing C, Song M, Wu J, Liu F, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang J. The cellulose synthase (CesA) gene family in four Gossypium species: phylogenetics, sequence variation and gene expression in relation to fiber quality in Upland cotton. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:355-368. [PMID: 33438049 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose synthases (CesAs) are multi-subunit enzymes found on the plasma membrane of plant cells and play a pivotal role in cellulose production. The cotton fiber is mainly composed of cellulose, and the genetic relationships between CesA genes and cotton fiber yield and quality are not fully understood. Through a phylogenetic analysis, the CesA gene family in diploid Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, as well as tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum ('TM-1') and Gossypium barbadense ('Hai-7124' and '3-79'), was divided into 6 groups and 15 sub-groups, with each group containing two to five homologous genes. Most CesA genes in the four species are highly collinear. Among the five cotton genomes, 440 and 1929 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CesA gene family were identified in exons and introns, respectively, including 174 SNPs resulting in amino acid changes. In total, 484 homeologous SNPs between the A and D genomes were identified in diploids, while 142 SNPs were detected between the two tetraploids, with 32 and 82 SNPs existing within G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. Additionally, 74 quantitative trait loci near 18 GhCesA genes were associated with fiber quality. One to four GhCesA genes were differentially expressed (DE) in ovules at 0 and 3 days post anthesis (DPA) between two backcross inbred lines having different fiber lengths, but no DE genes were identified between these lines in developing fibers at 10 DPA. Twenty-seven SNPs in above DE CesA genes were detected among seven cotton lines, including one SNP in Ghi_A08G03061 that was detected in four G. hirsutum genotypes. This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the cotton CesA gene family, which may play important roles in determining cotton fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujun Zhang
- Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Hebei, China.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA
| | | | - Jie Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zongfu Han
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA.,Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jina Chi
- Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Hebei, China.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA
| | - Xihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jiwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chaozhu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Mingzhou Song
- Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA
| | - Jianyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Hebei, China.
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA.
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Hebei, China.
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13
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Brandon AG, Scheller HV. Engineering of Bioenergy Crops: Dominant Genetic Approaches to Improve Polysaccharide Properties and Composition in Biomass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 32218797 PMCID: PMC7078332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, sustainable production of lignocellulosic bioenergy from biomass will depend on a variety of dedicated bioenergy crops. Despite their great genetic diversity, prospective bioenergy crops share many similarities in the polysaccharide composition of their cell walls, and the changes needed to optimize them for conversion are largely universal. Therefore, biomass modification strategies that do not depend on genetic background or require mutant varieties are extremely valuable. Due to their preferential fermentation and conversion by microorganisms downstream, the ideal bioenergy crop should contain a high proportion of C6-sugars in polysaccharides like cellulose, callose, galactan, and mixed-linkage glucans. In addition, the biomass should be reduced in inhibitors of fermentation like pentoses and acetate. Finally, the overall complexity of the plant cell wall should be modified to reduce its recalcitrance to enzymatic deconstruction in ways that do no compromise plant health or come at a yield penalty. This review will focus on progress in the use of a variety of genetically dominant strategies to reach these ideals. Due to the breadth and volume of research in the field of lignin bioengineering, this review will instead focus on approaches to improve polysaccharide component plant biomass. Carbohydrate content can be dramatically increased by transgenic overexpression of enzymes involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. Additionally, the recalcitrance of the cell wall can be reduced via the overexpression of native or non-native carbohydrate active enzymes like glycosyl hydrolases or carbohydrate esterases. Some research in this area has focused on engineering plants that accumulate cell wall-degrading enzymes that are sequestered to organelles or only active at very high temperatures. The rationale being that, in order to avoid potential negative effects of cell wall modification during plant growth, the enzymes could be activated post-harvest, and post-maturation of the cell wall. A potentially significant limitation of this approach is that at harvest, the cell wall is heavily lignified, making the substrates for these enzymes inaccessible and their activity ineffective. Therefore, this review will only include research employing enzymes that are at least partially active under the ambient conditions of plant growth and cell wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Brandon
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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14
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Maleki SS, Mohammadi K, Movahedi A, Wu F, Ji KS. Increase in Cell Wall Thickening and Biomass Production by Overexpression of PmCesA2 in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 32153613 PMCID: PMC7044265 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose, the most abundant constituent material of the plant cell walls, is a major structural component of plant biomass. Manipulating cellulose synthesis (CesA) genes by genetic engineering technology, to increase cellulose production may thus offer novel opportunities for plant growth and development. To investigate this, here we produced transgenic "Populus 895 plants" overexpressing the cellulose synthase (CesA2) gene derived from Pinus massoniana under the control of constitutive 35S promoter, via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Relative expression levels of PmCesA2 were functionally characterized in poplar hybrid clone "Nanlin895" (Populus deltoides × Populus euramericana). The results demonstrated the transgenic lines showed enhanced growth performance with increased biomass production than did the untransformed controls. It is noteworthy that the overexpression of PmCesA2 in poplar led to an altered cell wall polysaccharide composition, which resulted in the thickening of the secondary cell wall and xylem width under scanning electron microscopy. Consequently, the cellulose and lignin content were increased. Hence, this study suggests that overexpression of PmCesA2 could be used as a potential candidate gene to enhance cellulose synthesis and biomass accumulation in genetically engineered trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kong Shu Ji
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, The Key Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Mazarei M, Baxter HL, Srivastava A, Li G, Xie H, Dumitrache A, Rodriguez M, Natzke JM, Zhang JY, Turner GB, Sykes RW, Davis MF, Udvardi MK, Wang ZY, Davison BH, Blancaflor EB, Tang Y, Stewart CN. Silencing Folylpolyglutamate Synthetase1 ( FPGS1) in Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) Improves Lignocellulosic Biofuel Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:843. [PMID: 32636863 PMCID: PMC7317012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a lignocellulosic perennial grass with great potential in bioenergy field. Lignocellulosic bioenergy crops are mostly resistant to cell wall deconstruction, and therefore yield suboptimal levels of biofuel. The one-carbon pathway (also known as C1 metabolism) is critical for polymer methylation, including that of lignin and hemicelluloses in cell walls. Folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) catalyzes a biochemical reaction that leads to the formation of folylpolyglutamate, an important cofactor for many enzymes in the C1 pathway. In this study, the putatively novel switchgrass PvFPGS1 gene was identified and its functional role in cell wall composition and biofuel production was examined by RNAi knockdown analysis. The PvFPGS1-downregulated plants were analyzed in the field over three growing seasons. Transgenic plants with the highest reduction in PvFPGS1 expression grew slower and produced lower end-of-season biomass. Transgenic plants with low-to-moderate reduction in PvFPGS1 transcript levels produced equivalent biomass as controls. There were no significant differences observed for lignin content and syringyl/guaiacyl lignin monomer ratio in the low-to-moderately reduced PvFPGS1 transgenic lines compared with the controls. Similarly, sugar release efficiency was also not significantly different in these transgenic lines compared with the control lines. However, transgenic plants produced up to 18% more ethanol while maintaining congruent growth and biomass as non-transgenic controls. Severity of rust disease among transgenic and control lines were not different during the time course of the field experiments. Altogether, the unchanged lignin content and composition in the low-to-moderate PvFPGS1-downregulated lines may suggest that partial downregulation of PvFPGS1 expression did not impact lignin biosynthesis in switchgrass. In conclusion, the manipulation of PvFPGS1 expression in bioenergy crops may be useful to increase biofuel potential with no growth penalty or increased susceptibility to rust in feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Holly L. Baxter
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Avinash Srivastava
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Guifen Li
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Hongli Xie
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Alexandru Dumitrache
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jace M. Natzke
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Ji-Yi Zhang
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Geoffrey B. Turner
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Robert W. Sykes
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Mark F. Davis
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Michael K. Udvardi
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Brian H. Davison
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Elison B. Blancaflor
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Yuhong Tang
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Tang,
| | - Charles Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Charles Neal Stewart Jr.,
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16
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Raw plant-based biorefinery: A new paradigm shift towards biotechnological approach to sustainable manufacturing of HMF. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Black I, Heiss C, Azadi P. Comprehensive Monosaccharide Composition Analysis of Insoluble Polysaccharides by Permethylation To Produce Methyl Alditol Derivatives for Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13787-13793. [PMID: 31566961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the monosaccharide composition of plant and microbial cell wall polysaccharides is critical for the understanding of polysaccharide structure and function. Differences in the hydrolytic stability of the glycosidic bonds and in the susceptibility of monosaccharides to acid-catalyzed degradation cause inconsistency of signal response in the common glycosyl composition methods. In addition, many polysaccharides are insoluble, partially soluble, or form highly viscous gels in water, and this also hinders or even prevents detection by traditional methods. As a result, currently available methods for monosaccharide composition analysis lack accuracy and are limited to the soluble portions of biological samples or expose the polysaccharides to very harsh conditions, resulting in loss of less stable residues. Here we present a new approach to accomplish the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, including those that are not or sparingly soluble, based on permethylation in DMSO as the initial derivatization step. Our key finding is that the permethylation solubilizes the polysaccharide before the hydrolysis step, so that differences in solubility are no longer a factor in the efficiency of the acid-catalyzed depolymerization. After the hydrolysis, the partially methylated monosaccharides are reduced to alditols and remethylated for GC/MS analysis. In addition to enabling composition analysis of insoluble polysaccharides, this method also has the advantages that it is comprehensive, allowing quantification of all types of sugars, including uronic acids, on the same column and gives consistent response factors for different monosaccharide classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , 315 Riverbend Road , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , 315 Riverbend Road , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , 315 Riverbend Road , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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18
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Olins JR, Lin L, Lee SJ, Trabucco GM, MacKinnon KJM, Hazen SP. Secondary Wall Regulating NACs Differentially Bind at the Promoter at a CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A4 Cis-eQTL. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1895. [PMID: 30627134 PMCID: PMC6309453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A4/7/8 (CESA4/7/8) are three non-redundant subunits of the secondary cell wall cellulose synthase complex. Transcript abundance of these genes can vary among genotypes and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) were identified in a recombinant population of the accessions Bay-0 and Shahdara. Genetic mapping and analysis of the transcript levels of CESAs between two distinct near isogenic lines (NILs) confirmed a change in CESA4 expression that segregates within that interval. We sequenced the promoters and identified 16 polymorphisms differentiating CESA4Sha and CESA4Bay . In order to determine which of these SNPs could be responsible for this eQTL, we screened for transcription factor protein affinity with promoter fragments of CESA4Bay, CESA4Sha , and the reference genome CESA4Col . The wall thickening activator proteins NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR2 (NST2) and NST3 exhibited a decrease in binding with the CESA4Sha promoter with a tracheary element-regulating cis-element (TERE) polymorphism. While NILs harboring the TERE polymorphisms exhibited significantly different CESA4 expression, cellulose crystallinity and cell wall thickness were indistinguishable. These results suggest that the TERE polymorphism resulted in differential transcription factor binding and CESA4 expression; yet A. thaliana is able to tolerate this transcriptional variability without compromising the structural elements of the plant, providing insight into the elasticity of gene regulation as it pertains to cell wall biosynthesis and regulation. We also explored available DNA affinity purification sequencing data to resolve a core binding site, C(G/T)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)G, for secondary wall NACs referred to as the VNS element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Olins
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Li Lin
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Scott J. Lee
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Gina M. Trabucco
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Kirk J.-M. MacKinnon
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Samuel P. Hazen
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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19
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Mishra S, Kharkar PS, Pethe AM. Biomass and waste materials as potential sources of nanocrystalline cellulose: Comparative review of preparation methods (2016 - Till date). Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:418-427. [PMID: 30600024 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) has gained much popularity over the last decade as a preferred nanomaterial in varied applications, despite its laborious industrial production and higher cost. Its production methods have undergone a great deal of metamorphosis lately. The main emphasis has been on the environment-friendly and green processes, in addition to the sustainable and renewable feedstock. Globally, the researchers have explored biomass and waste cellulosic materials as renewable sources for NCC extraction. Newer and/or improved process alternatives, e.g., ultrasonication, enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical treatments have been applied successfully for producing high-quality material. Detailed investigations on optimizing the overall yield from cheaper feedstock have yielded obvious benefits. This is still work in progress. The present review majorly focuses on the advances made in the NCC preparation field from biomass and waste cellulosic materials in last three years (2016 - till date). Collaborative efforts between chemical engineers and research scientists are crucial for the success of this really amazing nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Anil M Pethe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India.
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