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Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1718-1775. [PMID: 36018491 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop that feeds 40% of the world's population. Over the past several decades, advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestication of wheat, and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits, which promote the breeding of elite varieties. In this review, we focus on progress that has been made in genomic research and genetic improvement of traits such as grain yield, end-use traits, flowering regulation, nutrient use efficiency, and biotic and abiotic stress responses, and various breeding strategies that contributed mainly by Chinese scientists. Functional genomic research in wheat is entering a new era with the availability of multiple reference wheat genome assemblies and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as precise genome editing tools, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, sequencing-based cloning strategies, high-efficiency genetic transformation systems, and speed-breeding facilities. These insights will further extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process, ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture in China and throughout the world.
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Yang F, Wan H, Li J, Wang Q, Yang N, Zhu X, Liu Z, Yang Y, Ma W, Fan X, Yang W, Zhou Y. Pentaploidization Enriches the Genetic Diversity of Wheat by Enhancing the Recombination of AB Genomes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883868. [PMID: 35845672 PMCID: PMC9281561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Allohexaploidization and continuous introgression play a key role in the origin and evolution of bread wheat. The genetic bottleneck of bread wheat resulting from limited germplasms involved in the origin and modern breeding may be compensated by gene flow from tetraploid wheat through introgressive hybridization. The inter-ploidy hybridization between hexaploid and tetraploid wheat generates pentaploid hybrids first, which absorbed genetic variations both from hexaploid and tetraploid wheat and have great potential for re-evolution and improvement in bread wheat. Therefore, understanding the effects of the pentaploid hybrid is of apparent significance in our understanding of the historic introgression and in informing breeding. In the current study, two sets of F2 populations of synthetic pentaploid wheat (SPW1 and SPW2) and synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW1 and SHW2) were created to analyze differences in recombination frequency (RF) of AB genomes and distorted segregation of polymorphic SNP markers through SNP genotyping. Results suggested that (1) the recombination of AB genomes in the SPW populations was about 3- to 4-fold higher than that in the SHW populations, resulting from the significantly (P < 0.01) increased RF between adjacent and linked SNP loci, especially the variations that occurred in a pericentromeric region which would further enrich genetic diversity; (2) the crosses of hexaploid × tetraploid wheat could be an efficient way to produce pentaploid derivatives than the crosses of tetraploid × hexaploid wheat according to the higher germination rate found in the former crosses; (3) the high proportion of distorted segregation loci that skewed in favor of the female parent genotype/allele in the SPW populations might associate with the fitness and survival of the offspring. Based on the presented data, we propose that pentaploid hybrids should increasingly be used in wheat breeding. In addition, the contribution of gene flow from tetraploid wheat to bread wheat mediated by pentaploid introgressive hybridization also was discussed in the re-evolution of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongshen Wan
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Liu S, Zhao J, Liu Y, Li N, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu X, Jiang L, Liu B, Fu X, Li X, Li L. High Chromosomal Stability and Immortalized Totipotency Characterize Long-Term Tissue Cultures of Chinese Ginseng ( Panax Ginseng). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040514. [PMID: 33807422 PMCID: PMC8067114 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a highly cherished traditional Chinese medicine, with several confirmed medical effects and many more asserted health-boosting functions. Somatic chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of many types of human cancers and also related to other pathogenic conditions such as miscarriages and intellectual disabilities, hence, the study of this phenomenon is of wide scientific and translational medical significance. CIN also ubiquitously occurs in cultured plant cells, and is implicated as a major cause of the rapid decline/loss of totipotency with culture duration, which represents a major hindrance to the application of transgenic technologies in crop improvement. Here, we report two salient features of long-term cultured callus cells of ginseng, i.e., high chromosomal stability and virtually immortalized totipotency. Specifically, we document that our callus of ginseng, which has been subcultured for 12 consecutive years, remained highly stable at the chromosomal level and showed little decline in totipotency. We show that these remarkable features of cultured ginseng cells are likely relevant to the robust homeostasis of the transcriptional expression of specific genes (i.e., genes related to tissue totipotency and chromosomal stability) implicated in the manifestation of these two complex phenotypes. To our knowledge, these two properties of ginseng have not been observed in any animals (with respect to somatic chromosomal stability) and other plants. We posit that further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying these unique properties of ginseng, especially somatic chromosomal stability in protracted culture duration, may provide novel clues to the mechanistic understanding of the occurrence of CIN in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
| | - Xueqi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (X.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (N.L.); (X.L.); (L.J.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (X.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Linfeng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (X.L.); (L.L.)
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