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Işık S, Çetin B, Topalcengiz Z. Transfer of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes from contaminated soilless substrate and seeds to microgreens. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 414:110612. [PMID: 38325258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Microgreens can be contaminated by various preharvest sources including soilless substrate, plant nutrition solution, water and seeds. The aim of this study was to determine the transfer level of Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes to the edible part of various type of microgreens from plant nutrient solution-soaked perlite as soilless substrate or seeds. Ampicillin resistant 3-strain cocktails of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 and non-resistant L. monocytogenes were independently inoculated into plant nutrient solution-soaked perlite and seeds in low (102-103 CFU/g) and high (105-106 CFU/g) populations. Twenty types of microgreens were grown in inoculated perlite. The seed inoculation was performed on five types of microgreens. Correlations between pathogen transfer levels with seed characteristics and harvest time were assessed. Pathogen populations (1.6 ± 0.2 to 7.7 ± 0.1 log CFU/g) transferred to microgreens were dependent on type of pathogen and microgreen but not affected by contamination source and inoculation level. The level of pathogen transferred to microgreens had a moderate to high negative correlations (R2) with seed surface area (-0.551 to -0.781), seed weight (-0.735 to -0.818), and harvest time (-0.332 to -0.919) when grown in Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 inoculated perlite. This study suggests a high risk of pathogen population transferring to microgreens in case of seed or soilless substrate contamination when pathogen growth or survival is supported in plant nutrient solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Işık
- Department of Food Processing, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, 49250 Muş, Türkiye
| | - Bülent Çetin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25030 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Zeynal Topalcengiz
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Muş Alparslan University, 49250 Muş, Türkiye.
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Fabek Uher S, Radman S, Opačić N, Dujmović M, Benko B, Lagundžija D, Mijić V, Prša L, Babac S, Šic Žlabur J. Alfalfa, Cabbage, Beet and Fennel Microgreens in Floating Hydroponics-Perspective Nutritious Food? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112098. [PMID: 37299078 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microgreens are young plants of various vegetables, medicinal and aromatic plants, cereals and edible wild plants that were first associated with nouvelle cuisine as decoration in dishes due to their attractive appearance and strong flavor. Recently, they have become more sought after in the market due to their high nutritional value. This is due to the growing interest of consumers in a healthy lifestyle that includes a varied diet with emphasis on fresh, functional foods. Nowadays, commercial production of microgreens is shifting to modern hydroponic systems due to their numerous advantages, such as accelerated plant growth and biomass production, earlier harvesting, and more production cycles that positively affect yield and chemical composition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the content of specialized metabolites and antioxidant capacity of hydroponically grown alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cv. 'Kangaroo', yellow beet (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva) cv. 'Yellow Lady', red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. rubra) cv. 'Red Carpet', and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) cv. 'Aganarpo' microgreens. The highest content of total phenols (408.03 mg GAE/100 g fw), flavonoids (214.47 mg GAE/100 g fw), non-flavonoids (193.56 mg GAE/100 g fw) and ascorbic acid (74.94 mg/100 g fw) was found in fennel microgreens. The highest content of all analyzed chlorophyll pigments (Chl_a 0.536 mg/g fw, Chl_b 0.248 mg/g fw, and TCh 0.785 mg/g fw) was found in alfalfa microgreens. However, in addition to alfalfa, high levels of chlorophyll a (0.528 mg/g fw), total chlorophyll (0.713 mg/g fw) and the highest level of total carotenoids (0.196 mg/g fw) were also detected in fennel microgreens. The results suggest that microgreens grown on perlite in floating hydroponics have high nutritional potential as a functional food important for human health and therefore could be recommended for daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Fabek Uher
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Radman
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevena Opačić
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mia Dujmović
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Benko
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Denis Lagundžija
- Graduate Studies Horticulture, Organic Agriculture with Agrotourism, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valent Mijić
- Graduate Studies Horticulture, Organic Agriculture with Agrotourism, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Prša
- Graduate Studies Horticulture, Organic Agriculture with Agrotourism, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srđan Babac
- Graduate Studies Horticulture, Organic Agriculture with Agrotourism, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana Šic Žlabur
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Renna M, D’Imperio M, Maggi S, Serio F. Soilless biofortification, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability: Signposts on the path to personalized nutrition. Front Nutr 2022; 9:966018. [PMID: 36267903 PMCID: PMC9576840 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.966018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Propelled by an ever-growing awareness about the importance of following dietary recommendations meeting specific biological requirements linked to a person health status, interest in personalized nutrition is on the rise. Soilless biofortification of vegetables has opened the door to the potential for adapting vegetable production to specific dietary requirements. The evolution of vegetables biofortification toward tailored food is examined focusing on some specific categories of people in a context of personalized nutrition instead to simple describe developments in vegetables biofortification with reference to the single element or compound not adequately present in the daily diet. The concepts of bioavailability and bioaccessibility as a useful support tool for the precision biofortification were detailed. Key prospects for challenges ahead aiming to combine product quality and sustainable are also highlighted. Hydroponically cultivation of vegetables with low potassium content may be effective to obtain tailored leafy and fruit vegetable products for people with impaired kidney function. Simultaneous biofortification of calcium, silicon, and boron in the same vegetable to obtain vegetable products useful for bone health deserve further attention. The right dosage of the lithium in the nutrient solution appears essential to obtain tailored vegetables able to positively influence mental health in groups of people susceptible to mental illness. Modulate nitrogen fertilization may reduce or enhance nitrate in vegetables to obtain tailored products, respectively, for children and athletes. Future research are needed to produce nickel-free vegetable products for individuals sensitized to nickel. The multidisciplinary approach toward tailored foods is a winning one and must increasingly include a synergy between agronomic, biological, and medical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Renna
- Department of Soil and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D’Imperio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Serio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
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Asaduzzaman M, Niu G, Asao T. Editorial: Nutrients Recycling in Hydroponics: Opportunities and Challenges Toward Sustainable Crop Production Under Controlled Environment Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845472. [PMID: 35360331 PMCID: PMC8964292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Asaduzzaman
- Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Genhua Niu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Toshiki Asao
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Potassium-Deficient Nutrient Solution Affects the Yield, Morphology, and Tissue Mineral Elements for Hydroponic Baby Leaf Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7080213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient supply in hydroponics can significantly influence the nutrition, taste, texture, color, and other characteristics of fruit and vegetable crops. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem that frequently restricts a patient’s consumption of high-potassium foods. CKD patients are advised to limit their consumption of many vegetables that are potassium (K)-rich. At the same time, reducing vegetable intake reduces the intake of healthy compounds such as vitamins, fibers and antioxidants, which are beneficial to CKD patients. In our study, we investigated the reduction of the K concentration in a hydroponic nutrient solution as a possible technique to decrease the K tissue concentration of baby leaf spinach, a dark green that is frequently recommended to be consumed in moderation for patients with CKD. A previously developed hydroponic fertilizer recipe that provides a platform to adjust individual nutrients was used to adjust K to 0, 10, 25, and 100% of the control K concentration. Tissue K levels were reduced by up to 91% with a consequent 61% reduction in dry weight and 76% reduction in fresh weight (yield) with respect to the control treatment. Overall, the results suggest that using a nutrient solution without K can significantly reduce K concentrations in baby spinach, although this will consequently reduce yields.
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Son YJ, Park JE, Kim J, Yoo G, Lee TS, Nho CW. Production of low potassium kale with increased glucosinolate content from vertical farming as a novel dietary option for renal dysfunction patients. Food Chem 2020; 339:128092. [PMID: 33152880 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The production of low potassium vegetables arose out of the dietary needs of patients with renal dysfunction. Attempts have been made to reduce potassium content in vegetables and fruits; however, induced potassium deficiency has often resulted in decreased yields. Here, we investigated a new method of producing low potassium kale and present the characteristics of the resulting produce. By substituting potassium nitrate with calcium nitrate in the nutrient solution 2 weeks before harvesting, the potassium content of kale was reduced by 70% without a deterioration in yield and semblance qualities. Despite no relationships being detected between potassium deficiency and anti-oxidative properties, the total glucosinolate content, an indicator of the anti-cancer effect of cruciferous vegetables, was significantly increased by potassium deficiency in kale. This study demonstrates a novel method of producing low potassium kale for patients with renal failure, without a reduction in yield but with beneficial increase in glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ju Son
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Jai-Eok Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Junho Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Gyhye Yoo
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Taek-Sung Lee
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, South Korea.
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Wu Z, Luo J, Han Y, Hua Y, Guan C, Zhang Z. Low Nitrogen Enhances Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Triggering NO 3- Uptake and Its Long-Distance Translocation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6736-6747. [PMID: 31184154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is essential for plant growth and crop productivity; however, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) decreases with increasing N supply, resulting in a waste of resources. Molecular mechanisms underlying low-nitrogen (LN)-mediated enhancement of NUE are not clear. We used high-NUE Brassica napus genotype H (Xiangyou 15), low-NUE B. napus genotype L (814), and Arabidopsis mutant aux1 to elucidate the mechanism underlying the changes in NUE under different rates of N fertilizer application. NUE of B. napus increased under LN, which enhanced N uptake ability by regulating root system architecture and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity; AUX1 was involved in this process. Additionally, BnNRT1.5 was upregulated and BnNRT1.8 was downregulated under LN, whereby more N was transferred to the shoot through enhanced N transport. Observed changes in photosynthesis under LN were associated with N assimilation efficiency. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of plant adaptation to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wu
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Luo
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Han
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingpeng Hua
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement , Hunan Branch, Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , People's Republic of China
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