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Zhang X, Cai Q, Li L, Wang L, Hu Y, Chen X, Zhang D, Persson S, Yuan Z. OsMADS6-OsMADS32 and REP1 control palea cellular heterogeneity and morphogenesis in rice. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1379-1395.e5. [PMID: 38593802 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Precise regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation is vital for organ morphology. Rice palea, serving as sepal, comprises two distinct regions: the marginal region (MRP) and body of palea (BOP), housing heterogeneous cell populations, which makes it an ideal system for studying organ morphogenesis. We report that the transcription factor (TF) REP1 promotes epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation in the BOP, resulting in hard silicified protrusion cells, by regulating the cyclin-dependent kinase gene, OsCDKB1;1. Conversely, TFs OsMADS6 and OsMADS32 are expressed exclusively in the MRP, where they limit cell division rates by inhibiting OsCDKB2;1 expression and promote endoreduplication, yielding elongated epidermal cells. Furthermore, reciprocal inhibition between the OsMADS6-OsMADS32 complex and REP1 fine-tunes the balance between cell division and differentiation during palea morphogenesis. We further show the functional conservation of these organ identity genes in heterogeneous cell growth in Arabidopsis, emphasizing a critical framework for controlling cellular heterogeneity in organ morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ling Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Staffan Persson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572024, China.
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2
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Zhang M, Zhou E, Li M, Tian S, Xiao H. A SUPERMAN-like Gene Controls the Locule Number of Tomato Fruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3341. [PMID: 37765505 PMCID: PMC10535046 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits are derived from fertilized ovaries formed during flower development. Thus, fruit morphology is tightly linked to carpel number and identity. The SUPERMAN (SUP) gene is a key transcription repressor to define the stamen-carpel boundary and to control floral meristem determinacy. Despite SUP functions having been characterized in a few plant species, its functions have not yet been explored in tomato. In this study, we identified and characterized a fascinated and multi-locule fruit (fmf) mutant in Solanum pimpinellifolium background harboring a nonsense mutation in the coding sequence of a zinc finger gene orthologous to SUP. The fmf mutant produces supersex flowers containing increased numbers of stamens and carpels and sets malformed seedless fruits with complete flowers frequently formed on the distal end. fmf alleles in cultivated tomato background created by CRISPR-Cas9 showed similar floral and fruit phenotypes. Our results provide insight into the functional conservation and diversification of SUP members in different species. We also speculate the FMF gene may be a potential target for yield improvement in tomato by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, China; (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (S.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Enbai Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, China; (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (S.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Meng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Shenglan Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, China; (M.Z.); (E.Z.); (S.T.)
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Han Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China;
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3
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Chahtane H, Lai X, Tichtinsky G, Rieu P, Arnoux-Courseaux M, Cancé C, Marondedze C, Parcy F. Flower Development in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:3-38. [PMID: 37540352 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Like in other angiosperms, the development of flowers in Arabidopsis starts right after the floral transition, when the shoot apical meristem (SAM) stops producing leaves and makes flowers instead. On the flanks of the SAM emerge the flower meristems (FM) that will soon differentiate into the four main floral organs, sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil, stereotypically arranged in concentric whorls. Each phase of flower development-floral transition, floral bud initiation, and floral organ development-is under the control of specific gene networks. In this chapter, we describe these different phases and the gene regulatory networks involved, from the floral transition to the floral termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Chahtane
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Conservatoire Botanique Pierre Fabre, Soual, France
| | - Xuelei Lai
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Philippe Rieu
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Coralie Cancé
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Senga, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - François Parcy
- CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRAE, IRIG, BIG-LPCV, Grenoble, France.
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4
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Dreni L. The ABC of Flower Development in Monocots: The Model of Rice Spikelet. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:59-82. [PMID: 37540354 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The initial seminal studies of flower developmental genetics were made from observations in several eudicot model species, particularly Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. However, an increasing amount of research in monocot model and crop species is finally giving the credit that monocots deserve for their position in the evolutionary history of Angiosperms, their astonishing diversification and adaptation, their diversified floral structures, their pivotal function in most ecosystems on Earth and, finally, their importance in agriculture and farming, economy, landscaping and feeding mankind. Rice is a staple crop and the major monocot model to study the reproductive phase and flower evolution. Inspired by this, this chapter reviews a story of highly conserved functions related to the ABC model of flower development. Nevertheless, this model is complicated in rice by cases of gene neofunctionalization, like the recruitment of MADS-box genes for the development of the unique organs known as lemma and palea, subfunctionalization, and rewiring of conserved molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Dreni
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Monniaux M, Vandenbussche M. Flower Development in the Solanaceae. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:39-58. [PMID: 37540353 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Flower development is the process leading from a reproductive meristem to a mature flower with fully developed floral organs. This multi-step process is complex and involves thousands of genes in intertwined regulatory pathways; navigating through the FLOR-ID website will give an impression of this complexity and of the astonishing amount of work that has been carried on the topic (Bouché et al., Nucleic Acids Res 44:D1167-D1171, 2016). Our understanding of flower development mostly comes from the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, but numerous other studies outside of Brassicaceae have helped apprehend the conservation of these mechanisms in a large evolutionary context (Moyroud and Glover, Curr Biol 27:R941-R951, 2017; Smyth, New Phytol 220:70-86, 2018; Soltis et al., Ann Bot 100:155-163, 2007). Integrating additional species and families to the research on this topic can only advance our understanding of flower development and its evolution.In this chapter, we review the contribution that the Solanaceae family has made to the comprehension of flower development. While many of the general features of flower development (i.e., the key molecular players involved in flower meristem identity, inflorescence architecture or floral organ development) are similar to Arabidopsis, our main objective in this chapter is to highlight the points of divergence and emphasize specificities of the Solanaceae. We will not discuss the large topics of flowering time regulation, inflorescence architecture and fruit development, and we will restrict ourselves to the mechanisms included in a time window after the floral transition and before the fertilization. Moreover, this review will not be exhaustive of the large amount of work carried on the topic, and the choices that we made to describe in large details some stories from the literature are based on the soundness of the functional work performed, and surely as well on our own preferences and expertise.First, we will give a brief overview of the Solanaceae family and some of its specificities. Then, our focus will be on the molecular mechanisms controlling floral organ identity, for which extended functional work in petunia led to substantial revisions to the famous ABC model. Finally, after reviewing some studies on floral organ initiation and growth, we will discuss floral organ maturation, using the examples of the inflated calyx of the Chinese lantern Physalis and petunia petal pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Monniaux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France.
| | - Michiel Vandenbussche
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France.
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6
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Rosas-Reinhold I, Piñeyro-Nelson A, Rosas U, Arias S. Blurring the Boundaries between a Branch and a Flower: Potential Developmental Venues in CACTACEAE. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1134. [PMID: 34204904 PMCID: PMC8228900 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flowers are defined as short shoots that carry reproductive organs. In Cactaceae, this term acquires another meaning, since the flower is interpreted as a branch with a perianth at the tip, with all reproductive organs embedded within the branch, thus giving way to a structure that has been called a "flower shoot". These organs have long attracted the attention of botanists and cactologists; however, the understanding of the morphogenetic processes during the development of these structures is far from clear. In this review, we present and discuss some classic flower concepts used to define floral structures in Cactaceae in the context of current advances in flower developmental genetics and evolution. Finally, we propose several hypotheses to explain the origin of these floral shoot structures in cacti, and we suggest future research approaches and methods that could be used to fill the gaps in our knowledge regarding the ontogenetic origin of the "flower" in the cactus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Rosas-Reinhold
- Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico; (I.R.-R.); (U.R.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-153, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico
| | - Alma Piñeyro-Nelson
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico;
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P.04960, Mexico
| | - Ulises Rosas
- Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico; (I.R.-R.); (U.R.)
| | - Salvador Arias
- Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P.04510, Mexico; (I.R.-R.); (U.R.)
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7
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Duan X, Zhao C, Jiang Y, Zhang R, Shan H, Kong H. Parallel evolution of apetalous lineages within the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae): outward expansion of AGAMOUS1, rather than disruption of APETALA3-3. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1169-1181. [PMID: 32891067 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complete loss of petals, or becoming apetalous, has occurred independently in many flowering plant lineages. However, the mechanisms underlying the parallel evolution of naturally occurring apetalous lineages remain largely unclear. Here, by sampling representatives of all nine apetalous genera/tribes of the family Ranunculaceae and conducting detailed morphological, expression, molecular evolutionary and functional studies, we investigate the mechanisms underlying parallel petal losses. We found that while non-expression/downregulation of the petal identity gene APETALA3-3 (AP3-3) is tightly associated with complete petal losses, disruptions of the AP3-3 orthologs were unlikely to be the real causes for the parallel evolution of apetalous lineages. We also found that, compared with their close petalous relatives, naturally occurring apetalous taxa usually bear slightly larger numbers of stamens, whereas the number of sepals remains largely unchanged, suggestive of petal-to-stamen rather than petal-to-sepal transformations. In addition, in the recently originated apetalous genus Enemion, the petal-to-stamen transformations have likely been caused by the mutations that led to the elevation and outward expansion of the expression of the C-function gene, AGAMOUS1 (AG1). Our results not only provide a general picture of parallel petal losses within the Ranunculaceae but also help understand the mechanisms underlying the independent originations of other apetalous lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Caiyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongchao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Negrutiu I, Frohlich MW, Hamant O. Flowering Plants in the Anthropocene: A Political Agenda. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:349-368. [PMID: 31964603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants are the foundation of human civilization, providing biomass for food, fuel, and materials to satisfy human needs, dependent on fertile soil, adequate water, and favorable weather. Conversely, failure of any of these inputs has caused catastrophes. Today, human appropriation of biomass is threatening planetary boundaries, inducing social and political unrest worldwide. Human societies are bound to rethink agriculture and forestry to restore and safeguard natural resources while improving the overall quality of life. Here, we explore why and how. Through an evolutionary and quantitative analysis of agriculture, and bridging plant and Earth sciences, we anticipate the advent of a research and policy framework, integrating plant science in all sectors: the economy, local and global governance, and geopolitics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Negrutiu
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Michael W Frohlich
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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9
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Solomon CU, Drea S. Besides and Beyond Flowering: Other roles of EuAP2 Genes in Plant Development. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10120994. [PMID: 31805740 PMCID: PMC6947164 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
EuAP2 genes are well-known for their role in flower development, a legacy of the founding member of this subfamily of transcription factors, whose mutants lacked petals in Arabidopsis. However, studies of euAP2 genes in several species have accumulated evidence highlighting the diverse roles of euAP2 genes in other aspects of plant development. Here, we emphasize other developmental roles of euAP2 genes in various species and suggest a shift from regarding euAP2 genes as just flowering genes to consider the global role they may be playing in plant development. We hypothesize that their almost universal expression profile and pleiotropic effects of their mutation suggest their involvement in fundamental plant development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles U. Solomon
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu 441107, Nigeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Sinéad Drea
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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10
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Morel P, Chambrier P, Boltz V, Chamot S, Rozier F, Rodrigues Bento S, Trehin C, Monniaux M, Zethof J, Vandenbussche M. Divergent Functional Diversification Patterns in the SEP/AGL6/AP1 MADS-Box Transcription Factor Superclade. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:3033-3056. [PMID: 31591161 PMCID: PMC6925017 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Members of SEPALLATA (SEP) and APETALA1 (AP1)/SQUAMOSA (SQUA) MADS-box transcription factor subfamilies play key roles in floral organ identity determination and floral meristem determinacy in the rosid species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we present a functional characterization of the seven SEP/AGL6 and four AP1/SQUA genes in the distant asterid species petunia (Petunia × hybrida). Based on the analysis of single and higher order mutants, we report that the petunia SEP1/SEP2/SEP3 orthologs together with AGL6 encode classical SEP floral organ identity and floral termination functions, with a master role for the petunia SEP3 ortholog FLORAL BINDING PROTEIN2 (FBP2). By contrast, the FBP9 subclade members FBP9 and FBP23, for which no clear ortholog is present in Arabidopsis, play a major role in determining floral meristem identity together with FBP4, while contributing only moderately to floral organ identity. In turn, the four members of the petunia AP1/SQUA subfamily redundantly are required for inflorescence meristem identity and act as B-function repressors in the first floral whorl, together with BEN/ROB genes. Overall, these data together with studies in other species suggest major differences in the functional diversification of the SEP/AGL6 and AP1/SQUA MADS-box subfamilies during angiosperm evolution.plantcell;31/12/3033/FX1F1fx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Morel
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Chambrier
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Boltz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Sophy Chamot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Rozier
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Suzanne Rodrigues Bento
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Trehin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Monniaux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Jan Zethof
- Plant Genetics, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vandenbussche
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342, Lyon, France
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