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Wang H, Liu Y, Wang T, Liu D, Lu Q. Pathophysiology and transcriptomic responses of Pinus armandii defenses to ophiostomatoid fungi. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae056. [PMID: 38775221 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Pinus armandii Franch. is an ecologically and economically important evergreen tree species native to western China. Dendroctonus armandi Tsai and Li and pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungi pose substantial threats to P. armandii. With the interplay between species, the defense mechanisms of P. armandii have evolved to withstand external biotic stressors. However, the interactions between P. armandii and pathogenic ophiostomatoid fungal species/strains remain poorly understood. We aimed to analyze the pathophysiological and molecular changes in P. armandii following artificial inoculation with four ophiostomatoid species (Graphilbum parakesiyea, Leptographium qinlingense, Ophiostoma shennongense and Ophiostoma sp. 1). The study revealed that L. qinlingense produced the longest necrotic lesions, and G. parakesiyea produced the shortest. All strains induced monoterpenoid release, and monoterpene levels of P. armandii were positively correlated with fungal virulence (R2 = 0.93, P < 0.01). Co-inoculation of two dominant highly (L. qinlingense) and weakly virulent (O. shennongense) pathogens reduced the pathogenicity of the highly virulent fungi. Transcriptomic analysis of P. armandii (LQ: L. qinlingense treatments, QS: co-inoculation treatments and OS: O. shennongense treatments) showed that the expression pattern of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between QS and OS was similar, but different from that of LQ. The DEGs (LQ vs QS) involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were downregulated. Notably, compared with LQ, QS significantly decreased the expression of host defense-related genes. This study provides a valuable theoretical basis for managing infestations of D. armandi and associated ophiostomatoid fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Duanchong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
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Wang H, Liu C, Yue F, Yan DH, Lu Q. Identification of ophiostomatalean fungi associated with Tomicus pilifer infesting Pinus koraiensis in Northeastern China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:919302. [PMID: 36118248 PMCID: PMC9479222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiostomatalean fungi usually facilitate bark beetles to infest tree hosts and seriously endanger the health of coniferous forests. Tomicus pilifer Spessivtsev is a common endemic bark beetle in Asia and primarily threatens Pinus koraiensis. Tomicus species have similar morphology; however, they can be differentiated by their genetic characteristics through phylogenetic analyses. To date, the 28S rDNA sequence of T. pilifer and the diversity of ophiostomatalean fungi associated with T. pilifer have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of T. pilifer and identify ophiostomatalean fungi associated with T. pilifer infesting P. koraiensis in northeastern China. In total, 315 ophiostomatalean fungal strains were isolated from 62 adults of T. pilifer and 220 tissue samples from T. pilifer galleries in Jilin Province. Thirty-five representative strains were further identified by comparing their morphological and physiological characteristics and conducting the phylogenetic analysis of ITS, ITS2-LSU, TUB2, and TEF1-α. We identified nine species of ophiostomatalean fungi belonging to four genera, which included six novel species (Ceratocystiopsis changbaiensis sp. nov., Leptographium linjiangense sp. nov., Leptographium qieshaoense sp. nov., Ophiostoma piliferi sp. nov., Ophiostoma tonghuaense sp. nov., and Ophiostoma yaluense sp. nov.), two previously described species (Graphilbum interstitiale and Ophiostoma fuscum), and one undefined specie (Ceratocystiopsis sp. 1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of G. interstitiale and O. fuscum in China and the fungal diversity of ophiostomatalean in T. pilifer. The dominant species were O. piliferi and L. qieshaoense, representing 39.37% and 35.87% of the isolates, respectively. The results of this study provide valuable information on the symbiotic relationship between bark beetles and ophiostomatalean fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Fangzheng Yue
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Lu
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Liu Y, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Wang H, Zheng G, Zhao J, Lu Q. Pathophysiology and transcriptomic analysis of Picea koraiensis inoculated by bark beetle-vectored fungus Ophiostoma bicolor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:944336. [PMID: 35928703 PMCID: PMC9345248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.944336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ophiostomatoid fungi exhibit a complex relationship with bark beetles; exhausting of host tree defenses is traditionally regarded as one of the key benefits provided to beetle vectors. Ophiostoma bicolor is one of the dominant species of the mycobiota associated with Ips genus bark beetles which infect the spruce trees across the Eurasian continent. Host spruce trees resist fungal invasion through structural and inducible defenses, but the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level, particularly with respect to the interaction between bark beetle-associated fungi and host trees, remain unclear. The aim of this study was to observe the pathological physiology and molecular changes in Picea koraiensis seedlings after artificial inoculation with O. bicolor strains (TS, BH, QH, MX, and LWQ). This study showed that O. bicolor was a weakly virulent pathogen of spruce, and that the virulent of the five O. bicolor strains showed differentiation. All O. bicolor strains could induce monoterpenoid release. A positive correlation between fungal virulence and release of monoterpenoids was observed. Furthermore, the release rate of monoterpenoids peaked at 4 days post-inoculation (dpi) and then decreased from 4 to 90 dpi. Transcriptomic analysis at 4 dpi showed that many plant-pathogen interaction processes and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) metabolic processes were activated. The expression of monoterpenoid precursor synthesis genes and diterpenoid synthesis genes was upregulated, indicating that gene expression regulated the release rate of monoterpenoids at 4 dpi. The enriched pathways may reveal the immune response mechanism of spruce to ophiostomatoid fungi. The dominant O. bicolor possibly induces the host defense rather than defense depletion, which is likely the pattern conducted by the pioneers of beetle-associated mycobiota, such as Endoconidiophora spp.. Overall, these results facilitate a better understanding of the interaction mechanism between the dominant association of beetles and the host at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qinzheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Guiheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Niinemets Ü, Gershenzon J. Vulnerability and responses to bark beetle and associated fungal symbiont attacks in conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1103-1108. [PMID: 33949675 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Liu M, Jaber E, Zeng Z, Kovalchuk A, Asiegbu FO. Physiochemical and molecular features of the necrotic lesion in the Heterobasidion-Norway spruce pathosystem. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:791-800. [PMID: 33105481 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the forest of Northern Hemisphere, the fungi Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.l. causes severe root and stem rot diseases, dramatically reducing the wood quality of conifer trees. The hallmark of the host response during the infection process is the formation of necrotic lesions and reaction zones. To characterize physiochemical and molecular features of the necrotic lesion, we conducted artificial inoculations on Norway spruce plants at different developmental stages: seedlings, young and mature trees. The results were further compared against data available on the formation of reaction zones. Strong necrosis browning or enlarged necrotic lesions were observed in infected tissues. This was accompanied by elevated pH. However, the increased pH, around 6.0 in necrotic lesions, was not as high as that documented in reaction zones, above 7.0 as marked by the intensity of the blue colour in response to 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol dye. Peroxidase activity increased in infected plants and RNA-seq analysis of necrotic lesions showed marked upregulation of defence-related genes. Our findings highlight similarities and differences between the reaction zone and necrotic lesion formation in response of conifer trees to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Liu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emad Jaber
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andriy Kovalchuk
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Wielkopolan B, Jakubowska M, Obrępalska-Stęplowska A. Beetles as Plant Pathogen Vectors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748093. [PMID: 34721475 PMCID: PMC8549695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects, likewise, other organisms, are exposed to diverse communities of microbes from the surrounding environment. Insects and microorganisms associated with them share a range of relationships, including symbiotic and pathogenic. Insects damage plants by feeding on them and delivering plant pathogens to wounded places, from where pathogens spread over the plant. Thus insects can be considered as both pests and reservoirs or vectors of plant pathogens. Although beetles are not mentioned in the first place as plant pathogen vectors, their transmission of pathogens also takes place and affects the ecosystem. Here we present an overview of beetles as vectors of plant pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and Oomycota, which are responsible for developing plant diseases that can have a significant impact on crop yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wielkopolan
- Department of Monitoring and Signaling of Agrophages, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jakubowska
- Department of Monitoring and Signaling of Agrophages, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska,
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Pan Y, Lu J, Zhou XD, Yu ZF, Chen P, Wang J, Ye H. Two new species of Leptographium associated with Tomicus spp. infesting Pinus spp. in Southwestern China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4798-4807. [PMID: 32783804 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptographium panxianense and L. puerense are proposed as new taxa based on sequence data and morphological characters. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS2-partial LSU rDNA region, β-tubulin and elongation factor 1-α genes showed that L. panxianense and L. puerense formed well-supported clades and were closely related to L. yunnanense, L. wushanense and L. conjunctum, and then nested within the L. lundbergii complex. The two species differ in their conidial size and shape. The conidia of L. panxianense are larger than those of L. puerense while the conidial shape of L. puerense is more ovovoid. The optimal growth temperature of both L. panxianense and L. puerense is at 20 °C, which is different from those of L. yunnanense, L. wushanense and L. conjunctum. Comparison of sequence data and morphological characters confirmed the placement of the two undescribed taxa in the genus of Leptographium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- Eco-development Academy, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.,Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Ecosecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Ecosecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, PR China
| | - Ze-Fen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Key Laboratory Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Glassland, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Eco-development Academy, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Hui Ye
- Laboratory of Biological Invasion and Ecosecurity, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
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