1
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Guo L, Yang S, Tu Z, Yu F, Qiu C, Huang G, Fang S. An indole-3-acetic acid inhibitor mitigated mild cadmium stress by suppressing peroxide formation in rice seedling roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108823. [PMID: 38905727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed heavy metal pollutant that is detrimental to growth and development of plants. The secretion of indole-3-acetic acid is one of the defense mechanisms when plants inflict heavy metal stress. This study aimed to explore how 4-phenoxyphenylboronic acid, an effective IAA inhibitor, induces changes in IAA level, Cadmium accumulation, and activation of defense responses in rice seedling roots under different Cadmium concentrations. Our research results show that: 1) root growth was promoted with PPBa addition under mild Cadmium treatment. 2) the root IAA level improved with increasing Cadmium concentration, and PPBa had a significant inhibitory effect on IAA level. 3) PPBa had no effect on the Cadmium accumulation in rice seedling roots. 4) PPBa had a significant inhibitory effect on the generation of H2O2 under mild and moderate Cadmium treatment. 5) PPBa exacerbated the imbalance of osmotic substances in rice seedling roots under severe Cadmium treatment. This study helps us understand the tolerance and endogenous regulation of plants to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Siying Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zihao Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fengyue Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chaoqian Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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2
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Liu W, Cai G, Zhai N, Wang H, Tang T, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Sun L, Zhang Y, Beeckman T, Xu L. Genome and transcriptome of Selaginella kraussiana reveal evolution of root apical meristems in vascular plants. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4085-4097.e5. [PMID: 37716350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of roots allowed vascular plants to adapt to land environments. Fossil evidence indicates that roots evolved independently in euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and lycophytes, the two lineages of extant vascular plants. Based on a high-quality genome assembly, mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) data, and single-cell RNA-seq data for the lycophyte Selaginella kraussiana, we show that the two root origin events in lycophytes and euphyllophytes adopted partially similar molecular modules in the regulation of root apical meristem (RAM) development. In S. kraussiana, the RAM initiates from the rhizophore primordium guided by auxin and duplicates itself by dichotomous branching. The auxin signaling pathway directly upregulates euAINTEGUMENTAb (SkeuANTb), and then SkeuANTb directly promotes the expression of SkeuANTa and the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX13b (SkWOX13b) for RAM maintenance, partially similar to the molecular pathway involving the euANT-branch PLETHORA (AtPLT) genes and AtWOX5 in root initiation in the seed plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Other molecular modules, e.g., SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW, also have partially similar expression patterns in the RAMs of S. kraussiana and A. thaliana. Overall, our study not only provides genome and transcriptome tools of S. kraussiana but also indicates the employment of some common molecular modules in RAMs during root origins in lycophytes and euphyllophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tengfei Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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3
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Yang X, Poelmans W, Grones C, Lakehal A, Pevernagie J, Van Bel M, Njo M, Xu L, Nelissen H, De Rybel B, Motte H, Beeckman T. Spatial transcriptomics of a lycophyte root sheds light on root evolution. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4069-4084.e8. [PMID: 37683643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots originated independently in lycophytes and euphyllophytes, whereas early vascular plants were rootless. The organization of the root apical meristem in euphyllophytes is well documented, especially in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, little is known about lycophyte roots and their molecular innovations during evolution. In this study, spatial transcriptomics was used to detect 97 root-related genes in the roots of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. A high number of genes showed expression patterns similar to what has been reported for seed plants, supporting the idea of a highly convergent evolution of mechanisms to control root development. Interaction and complementation data of SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) homologs, furthermore, support a comparable regulation of the ground tissue (GT) between euphyllophytes and lycophytes. Root cap formation, in contrast, appears to be differently regulated. Several experiments indicated an important role of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX13 gene SmWOX13a in Selaginella root cap formation. In contrast to multiple Arabidopsis WOX paralogs, SmWOX13a is able to induce root cap cells in Arabidopsis and has functionally conserved homologs in the fern Ceratopteris richardii. Lycophytes and a part of the euphyllophytes, therefore, may share a common mechanism regulating root cap formation, which was diversified or lost during seed plant evolution. In summary, we here provide a new spatial data resource for the Selaginella root, which in general advocates for conserved mechanisms to regulate root development but shows a clear divergence in the control of root cap formation, with a novel putative role of WOX genes in root cap formation in non-seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilan Yang
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ward Poelmans
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolin Grones
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abdellah Lakehal
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Pevernagie
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Njo
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lin Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Motte
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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Grube Andersen T, Vermeer JEM. Bacterial gas-lighting of lateral root formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303919120. [PMID: 37068246 PMCID: PMC10151553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303919120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joop E. M. Vermeer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel2000, Switzerland
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5
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Motte H, Fang T, Parizot B, Smet W, Yang X, Poelmans W, Walker L, Njo M, Bassel GW, Beeckman T. Cellular and gene expression patterns associated with root bifurcation in Selaginella. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2398-2416. [PMID: 36029252 PMCID: PMC9706437 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The roots of lycophytes branch through dichotomy or bifurcation, during which the root apex splits into two daughter roots. This is morphologically distinct from lateral root (LR) branching in the extant euphyllophytes, with LRs developing along the root axis at different distances from the apex. Although the process of root bifurcation is poorly understood, such knowledge can be important, because it may represent an evolutionarily ancient strategy that roots recruited to form new stem cells or meristems. In this study, we examined root bifurcation in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. We characterized an in vitro developmental time frame based on repetitive apex bifurcations, allowing us to sample different stages of dichotomous root branching and analyze the root meristem and root branching in S. moellendorffii at the microscopic and transcriptomic level. Our results showed that, in contrast to previous assumptions, initial cells (ICs) in the root meristem are mostly not tetrahedral but rather show an irregular shape. Tracking down the early stages of root branching argues for the occurrence of a symmetric division of the single IC, resulting in two apical stem cells that initiate root meristem bifurcation. Moreover, we generated a S. moellendorffii root branching transcriptome that resulted in the delineation of a subset of core meristem genes. The occurrence of multiple putative orthologs of meristem genes in this dataset suggests the presence of conserved pathways in the control of meristem and root stem cell establishment or maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Motte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tao Fang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boris Parizot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xilan Yang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ward Poelmans
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liam Walker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Maria Njo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - George W Bassel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Sun J, Li GS. Identification of genes differentially expressed between prostrate shoots and erect shoots in the lycophyte Selaginella nipponica using an RNA-seq approach. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac018. [PMID: 35694642 PMCID: PMC9179412 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lycophytes are the earliest vascular plants and Selaginella is the most studied genus among them. Prostrate shoots are produced during early growth and erect shoots emerge later in S. nipponica, thus providing an opportunity for exploring the evolution of the mechanism underlying the transition between growth phases. Six libraries were sequenced for the prostrate and the erect shoots, and a total of 206 768 genes were identified. Some genes were differentially expressed in prostate and erect shoot, with relatively high expression in the prostate shoots being related to hormone responses and defence reactions, while higher expression in the erect shoots was related to spore formation and shoot development. Some SPL genes possessed a miR156 binding site and were highly expressed in the erect shoots, while AP2-like genes were more highly expressed in the prostrate shoots but simultaneously lacked any miR172 binding site. MiR156 was detected at a higher concentration in the prostrate shoots. Thus, the mechanism for the vegetative to reproductive transition of sporophytes probably originated in the common ancestor of vascular plants and must have experienced stepwise development during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Utilization, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
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7
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Abstract
Tropisms are among the most important growth responses for plant adaptation to the surrounding environment. One of the most common tropisms is root gravitropism. Root gravitropism enables the plant to anchor securely to the soil enabling the absorption of water and nutrients. Most of the knowledge related to the plant gravitropism has been acquired from the flowering plants, due to limited research in non-seed plants. Limited research on non-seed plants is due in large part to the lack of standard research methods. Here, we describe the experimental methods to evaluate gravitropism in representative non-seed plant species, including the non-vascular plant moss Physcomitrium patens, the early diverging extant vascular plant lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and fern Ceratopteris richardii. In addition, we introduce the methods used for statistical analysis of the root gravitropism in non-seed plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lanxin Li
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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8
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Fang T, Motte H, Parizot B, Beeckman T. Early "Rootprints" of Plant Terrestrialization: Selaginella Root Development Sheds Light on Root Evolution in Vascular Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:735514. [PMID: 34671375 PMCID: PMC8521068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.735514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Roots provide multiple key functions for plants, including anchorage and capturing of water and nutrients. Evolutionarily, roots represent a crucial innovation that enabled plants to migrate from aquatic to terrestrial environment and to grow in height. Based on fossil evidence, roots evolved at least twice independently, once in the lycophyte clade and once in the euphyllophyte (ferns and seed plants) clade. In lycophytes, roots originated in a stepwise manner. Despite their pivotal position in root evolution, it remains unclear how root development is controlled in lycophytes. Getting more insight into lycophyte root development might shed light on how genetic players controlling the root meristem and root developmental processes have evolved. Unfortunately, genetic studies in lycophytes are lagging behind, lacking advanced biotechnological tools, partially caused by the limited economic value of this clade. The technology of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at least enabled transcriptome studies, which could enhance the understanding or discovery of genes involved in the root development of this sister group of euphyllophytes. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on root evolution followed by a survey of root developmental events and how these are genetically and hormonally controlled, starting from insights obtained in the model seed plant Arabidopsis and where possible making a comparison with lycophyte root development. Second, we suggest possible key genetic regulators in root development of lycophytes mainly based on their expression profiles in Selaginella moellendorffii and phylogenetics. Finally, we point out challenges and possible future directions for research on root evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Motte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boris Parizot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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9
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Wang H, Wen S, Zhang Y, Xu L. Molecular Evolution of Auxin-Mediated Root Initiation in Plants. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1387-1393. [PMID: 31504735 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The root originated independently in euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and lycophytes; however, the molecular evolutionary route of root initiation remains elusive. By analyses of the fern Ceratopteris richardii and seed plants, here we show that the molecular pathway involving auxin, intermediate-clade WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (IC-WOX) genes, and WUSCHEL-clade WOX (WC-WOX) genes could be conserved in root initiation. We propose that the "auxin>IC-WOX>WC-WOX" module in root initiation might have arisen in the common ancestor of euphyllophytes during the second origin of roots, and that this module has further developed during the evolution of different root types in ferns and seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoting Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Kaneko S, Cook SD, Aoi Y, Watanabe A, Hayashi KI, Kasahara H. An Evolutionarily Primitive and Distinct Auxin Metabolism in the Lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1724-1732. [PMID: 32697828 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant auxin, is mainly produced from tryptophan via indole-3-pyruvate (IPA) in both bryophytes and angiosperms. Angiosperms have multiple, well-documented IAA inactivation pathways, involving conjugation to IAA-aspartate (IAA-Asp)/glutamate by the GH3 auxin-amido synthetases, and oxidation to 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) by the DAO proteins. However, IAA biosynthesis and inactivation processes remain elusive in lycophytes, an early lineage of spore-producing vascular plants. In this article, we studied IAA biosynthesis and inactivation in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. We demonstrate that S. moellendorffii mainly produces IAA from the IPA pathway for the regulation of root growth and response to high temperature, similar to the angiosperm Arabidopsis. However, S. moellendorffii exhibits a unique IAA metabolite profile with high IAA-Asp and low oxIAA levels, distinct from Arabidopsis and the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha, suggesting that the GH3 family is integral for IAA homeostasis in the lycophytes. The DAO homologs in S. moellendorffii share only limited similarity to the well-characterized rice and Arabidopsis DAO proteins. We therefore suggest that these enzymes may have a limited role in IAA homeostasis in S. moellendorffii compared to angiosperms. We provide new insights into the functional diversification of auxin metabolic genes in the evolution of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutaro Kaneko
- Department of Bioregulation and Biointeraction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Sam David Cook
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8509 Japan
- JSPS International Research Fellow, The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoi
- Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Akie Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, 183-8509 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
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