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Lu HL, Nkoh JN, Xu RK, Dong G, Li JY. More negative charges on roots enhanced manganese(II) uptake in leguminous and non-leguminous poaceae crops. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3531-3539. [PMID: 36788119 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, whereas excess Mn(II) in soils leads to its toxicity to crops. Mn(II) is adsorbed onto plant roots from soil solution and then absorbed by plants. Root charge characteristics should affect Mn(II) toxicity to crops and Mn(II) uptake by the roots of the crops. However, the differences in the effects of root surface charge on the uptake of Mn(II) among various crop species are not well understood. RESULTS The roots of nine legumes and six non-legume poaceae were obtained by hydroponics and the streaming potential method and spectroscopic analysis were used to measure the zeta potentials and functional groups on the roots, respectively. The results indicate that the exchangeable Mn(II) adsorbed by plant roots was significantly positively correlated with the Mn(II) accumulated in plant shoots. Legume roots carried more negative charges and functional groups than non-legume poaceae roots, which was responsible for the larger amounts of exchangeable Mn(II) on legume roots in 2 h and the Mn(II) accumulated in their shoots in 48 h. Coexisting cations, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ , were most effective in decreasing Mn(II) taken up by roots and accumulated in shoots than K+ and Na+ . This was because Ca2+ and Mg2+ could compete with Mn(II) for active sites on plant roots more strongly compared to K+ and Na+ . CONCLUSION The root surface charge and functional groups are two important factors influencing Mn(II) uptake by roots and accumulation in plant shoots. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Feil SB, Zuluaga MYA, Cesco S, Pii Y. Copper toxicity compromises root acquisition of nitrate in the high affinity range. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1034425. [PMID: 36743562 PMCID: PMC9895927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of copper (Cu)-based fungicides for crop protection plans has led to a high accumulation of Cu in soils, especially in vineyards. Copper is indeed an essential micronutrient for plants, but relatively high concentrations in soil or other growth substrates may cause toxicity phenomena, such as alteration of the plant's growth and disturbance in the acquisition of mineral nutrients. This last aspect might be particularly relevant in the case of nitrate ( NO 3 - ) , whose acquisition in plants is finely regulated through the transcriptional regulation of NO 3 - transporters and plasma membrane H+-ATPase in response to the available concentration of the nutrient. In this study, cucumber plants were grown hydroponically and exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu (i.e., 0.2, 5, 20, 30, and 50 µM) to investigate their ability to respond to and acquire NO 3 - . To this end, the kinetics of substrate uptake and the transcriptional modulation of the molecular entities involved in the process have been assessed. Results showed that the inducibility of the high-affinity transport system was significantly affected by increasing Cu concentrations; at Cu levels higher than 20 µM, plants demonstrated either strongly reduced or abolished NO 3 - uptake activity. Nevertheless, the transcriptional modulation of both the nitrate transporter CsNRT2.1 and the accessory protein CsNRT3.1 was not coherent with the hindered NO 3 - uptake activity. On the contrary, CsHA2 was downregulated, thus suggesting that a possible impairment in the generation of the proton gradient across the root PM could be the cause of the abolishment of NO 3 - uptake.
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Trentin E, Ferreira PAA, Ricachenevsky FK, Morsch L, Hindersmann J, Tarouco CP, Nicoloso FT, da Silva LOS, De Conti L, da Silva ICB, Marchezan C, Ceretta CA, Brunetto G. The tolerance of grapevine rootstocks to copper excess and to the use of calcium and phosphorus to mitigate its phytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82844-82854. [PMID: 35759094 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High soil copper (Cu) concentrations in vineyards can cause phytotoxicity to grapevine rootstocks. In order to mitigate toxicity, the use of grapevine rootstock genetic variation and the application of amendments are possible strategies. The aim of this study is to assess the tolerance of grapevine rootstocks to Cu excess and whether phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) can reduce phytotoxicity caused by Cu. Grapevine rootstock seedlings were produced from selected stakes: Paulsen 1103 (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris); SO4 (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis riparia); IAC 572 ((Vitis Riparia × Vitis rupestris) × Vitis caribaea); and Isabel (Vitis labrusca). Seedlings were grown in nutrition solution added with the following treatments: 0.3 µM Cu (control); 60 µM Cu; 60 µM Cu and 62 mg L-1 P; 60 µM Cu and 400 mg L-1 Ca. High Cu concentration caused phytotoxicity in all rootstocks, impairing their growth and decreasing nutrient concentration and photosynthetic activity. P and Ca addition had positive effect on the photosynthetic activity of all rootstocks, although it was not enough to revert growth to levels comparable with controls. Overall, based on the results, the application of P and Ca was not efficient in mitigating Cu phytotoxicity in grapevine plants grown in solution. Isabel was the most sensitive rootstock to Cu phytotoxicity, whereas Paulsen 1103 and SO4 presented more tolerance and can be used, together with other management strategies, in contaminated vineyard areas. Therefore, careful genotype rootstock selection for use in high Cu soils is important, while Ca and P are not efficient mitigators of Cu toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edicarla Trentin
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Letícia Morsch
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Jacson Hindersmann
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lessandro De Conti
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, Santo Augusto, RS, 98590-000, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Marchezan
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Ceretta
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Morsch L, Somavilla LM, Trentin E, Silva KR, de Oliveira JMS, Brunetto G, Simão DG. Root system structure as a criterion for the selection of grapevine genotypes that are tolerant to excess copper and the ability of phosphorus to mitigate toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:147-156. [PMID: 34999506 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using tolerant genotypes and the correct use of fertilizers can mitigate the negative effect of elevated Cu levels in the growing medium. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of excess Cu in the root system and the effectiveness of phosphorus (P) in minimizing the phytotoxicity of Cu in three genotypes: IAC 572 [(Vitis riparia x V. rupestris) x V. caribaea], Magnolia (V. rotundifolia) and Paulsen 1103 (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris). The plants were grown in nutrient solutions and were supplemented with the following treatments: 0.3 μM Cu (Control), 60 μM Cu (Cu) and 60 μM Cu and 62 mg L-1 P (Cu + P). Root samples were sectioned for microscopy analyses, and the shoot lengths, shoot and root dry matter, relative growth rates (RGR) and tissue nutrient contents were also evaluated. The roots of the genotypes that were cultivated with high Cu concentrations produced greater numbers of branches and larger diameters, except for Magnolia genotype that was cultivated in a Cu + P solution, which had an organization similar to the control. Excess Cu caused accumulations of phenolic compounds and decreased shoot lengths, dry matter and RGR in the genotypes. In the treatments with excess Cu, there were increases in this element in the tissues, but P decreased the metal concentrations in Magnolia roots. Therefore, Cu accumulations alter the root system development patterns, growth parameters and tissue nutrient contents in the studied genotypes. Magnolia has a higher tolerance and is also the only genotype for which the use of P has been shown to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Morsch
- Postgraduate Program in Agroecosystems, Center of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC, 88034.001, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiza Michelon Somavilla
- Department of Forest Sciences, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Edicarla Trentin
- Department of Soil Science, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kleber Resende Silva
- Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo USP, 13416-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo Santos de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Department of Soil Science, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Guimarães Simão
- Department of Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Castro C, Carvalho A, Pavia I, Bacelar E, Lima-Brito J. Development of grapevine plants under hydroponic copper-enriched solutions induced morpho-histological, biochemical and cytogenetic changes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:887-901. [PMID: 34243016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants, but when present in excess, it induces toxicity. In this study, cuttings of four wine-producing varieties of Vitis vinifera L. were used: 'Tinta Barroca', 'Tinto Cão', 'Malvasia Fina' and 'Viosinho'. The grapevine cuttings were distributed by hydroponic solutions enriched with different Cu concentrations (1, 10, 25 and 50 μM) plus control. At the end of the experiment, the root growth was evaluated, and individual roots were collected, fixed, and used for histological sections and chromosome spreads preparation. The higher Cu concentrations induced toxicity and inhibited root growth. However, the grapevine varieties responded with the thickening of the root exodermis and endodermis. In the chromosome spreads, normal and abnormal interphase and mitotic cells were observed in all varieties and treatments. The increase of Cu concentration decreased the nucleolar activity, as seen by reducing the nucleolar number and area. It increased the frequency of interphase cells with anomalies (ICA), but it did not influence total soluble protein concentration. The augment of Cu concentration also decreased the mitotic index (MI) and increased the percentage of dividing cells with anomalies (DCA). Different types of chromosomal anomalies in all mitotic phases, treatments and varieties were found. Overall, the white wine varieties, 'Malvasia Fina' and 'Viosinho', appeared to be more tolerant to the Cu-induced stress because they showed higher root growth and mean MI and lower mean DCA than the red wine varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Castro
- Plant Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana Carvalho
- Plant Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro -Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ivo Pavia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro -Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Eunice Bacelar
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro -Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - José Lima-Brito
- Plant Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro -Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Feil SB, Pii Y, Valentinuzzi F, Tiziani R, Mimmo T, Cesco S. Copper toxicity affects phosphorus uptake mechanisms at molecular and physiological levels in Cucumis sativus plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:138-147. [PMID: 33113485 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the deliberate use of cupric fungicides in the last century for crop-defence programs, copper (Cu) has considerably accumulated in the soil. The concentrations of Cu often exceed the safety limits of risk assessment for Cu in soil and this may cause toxicity in plants. Copper toxicity induces nutritional imbalances in plants and constraints to plants growth. These aspects might be of paramount importance in the case of phosphorus (P), which is an essential plant macronutrient. In this work, hydroponically grown cucumber plants were used to investigate the influence of the exposure to different Cu concentrations (0.2, 5, 25 and 50 μM) on i) the phenotypic traits of plants, particularly at root level, ii) the nutrient content in both roots and shoots, and iii) the P uptake mechanisms, considering both the biochemical and molecular aspects. At high Cu concentrations (i.e. above 25 μM), the shoot and root growth resulted stunted and the P influx rate diminished. Furthermore, two P transporter genes (i.e. CsPT1.4 and CsPT1.9) were upregulated at the highest Cu concentration, albeit with different induction kinetics. Overall, these results confirm that high Cu concentrations can limit the root acquisition of P, most likely via a direct action on the uptake mechanisms (e.g. transporters). However, the alteration of root plasma membrane permeability induced by Cu toxicity might also play a pivotal role in the observed phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B Feil
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raphael Tiziani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy; Competence Centre of Plant Health, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Plasmopara viticola infection affects mineral elements allocation and distribution in Vitis vinifera leaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18759. [PMID: 33127977 PMCID: PMC7603344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmopara viticola is one of the most important pathogens infecting Vitis vinifera plants. The interactions among P. viticola and both susceptible and resistant grapevine plants have been extensively characterised, at transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic levels. However, the involvement of plants ionome in the response against the pathogen has been completely neglected so far. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the possible role of leaf ionomic modulation during compatible and incompatible interactions between P. viticola and grapevine plants. In susceptible cultivars, a dramatic redistribution of mineral elements has been observed, thus uncovering a possible role for mineral nutrients in the response against pathogens. On the contrary, the resistant cultivars did not present substantial rearrangement of mineral elements at leaf level, except for manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). This might demonstrate that, resistant cultivars, albeit expressing the resistance gene, still exploit a pathogen response mechanism based on the local increase in the concentration of microelements, which are involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, these data also highlight the link between the mineral nutrition and plants' response to pathogens, further stressing that appropriate fertilization strategies can be fundamental for the expression of response mechanisms against pathogens.
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Astolfi S, Pii Y, Mimmo T, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno MB, Coppa E, Violino S, Celletti S, Cesco S. Single and Combined Fe and S Deficiency Differentially Modulate Root Exudate Composition in Tomato: A Double Strategy for Fe Acquisition? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114038. [PMID: 32516916 PMCID: PMC7312093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe chlorosis is considered as one of the major constraints on crop growth and yield worldwide, being particularly worse when associated with S shortage, due to the tight link between Fe and S. Plant adaptation to inadequate nutrient availabilities often relies on the release of root exudates that enhance nutrients, mobilization from soil colloids and favour their uptake by roots. This work aims at characterizing the exudomic profile of hydroponically grown tomato plants subjected to either single or combined Fe and S deficiency, as well as at shedding light on the regulation mechanisms underlying Fe and S acquisition processes by plants. Root exudates have been analysed by untargeted metabolomics, through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following derivatization. More than 200 metabolites could be putatively annotated. Venn diagrams show that 23%, 10% and 21% of differential metabolites are distinctively modulated by single Fe deficiency, single S deficiency or combined Fe-S deficiency, respectively. Interestingly, for the first time, a mugineic acid derivative is detected in dicot plants root exudates. The results seem to support the hypothesis of the co-existence of the two Fe acquisition strategies in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Astolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (S.V.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (Y.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (Y.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.L.); (M.B.M.-M.)
| | - Maria B. Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.L.); (M.B.M.-M.)
| | - Eleonora Coppa
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (S.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Violino
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (S.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Celletti
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (S.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (Y.P.); (T.M.); (S.C.)
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Rather BA, Masood A, Sehar Z, Majid A, Anjum NA, Khan NA. Mechanisms and Role of Nitric Oxide in Phytotoxicity-Mitigation of Copper. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:675. [PMID: 32547583 PMCID: PMC7274197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of metals significantly contributes to the major loss in agricultural productivity. Among all the metals, copper (Cu) is one of essential metals, where it exhibits toxicity only at its supra-optimal level. Elevated Cu levels affect plants developmental processes from initiation of seed germination to the senescence, photosynthetic functions, growth and productivity. The use of plant growth regulators/phytohormones and other signaling molecules is one of major approaches for reversing Cu-toxicity in plants. Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile and bioactive gaseous signaling molecule, involved in major physiological and molecular processes in plants. NO modulates responses of plants grown under optimal conditions or to multiple stress factors including elevated Cu levels. The available literature in this context is centered mainly on the role of NO in combating Cu stress with partial discussion on underlying mechanisms. Considering the recent reports, this paper: (a) overviews Cu uptake and transport; (b) highlights the major aspects of Cu-toxicity on germination, photosynthesis, growth, phenotypic changes and nutrient-use-efficiency; (c) updates on NO as a major signaling molecule; and (d) critically appraises the Cu-significance and mechanisms underlying NO-mediated alleviation of Cu-phytotoxicity. The outcome of the discussion may provide important clues for future research on NO-mediated mitigation of Cu-phytotoxicity.
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