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Wang L, Yan X, Tang Z. Joint Impacts of Meloidogyne incognita and Soil Nutrition on Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1252-1260. [PMID: 38709560 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-23-2058-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Strategies for plant nutrient resource allocation under Meloidogyne spp. infection and different soil nutrient conditions are not well established. In response, the objectives of this research are to determine if increased vegetative growth of Solanum lycopersicon var. cerasiforme (cherry tomato) under high nutrition enhances resistance to M. incognita and whether adaptive strategies for growth, reproduction, and nutrient uptake by cherry tomato infected with M. incognita alter nutrient availability. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions using high, medium, and low soil nutrient regimes. The research results indicate that the total biomass of cherry tomato was less in the presence of M. incognita infection under all three nutrient conditions, compared with plants grown in the absence of this nematode. However, the increase in the root/shoot ratio indicates that cherry tomato allocated more resources to belowground organs. Under the combined impacts of M. incognita infection and low or medium soil nutrition, the nitrogen content in root system tissues and the phosphorus content in shoot system tissues were increased to meet the nutrient requirements of galled root tissue and plant fruit production. It is suggested that plants increase the allocation of reproductive resources to fruits by improving phosphorus transportation to the aboveground reproductive tissues under low and medium nutrient conditions. Overall, the study highlights a significant impact of soil nutrient levels on the growth and resource allocation associated with M. incognita-infected cherry tomato. In response, soil nutrient management is another practice for reducing the impacts of plant-parasitic nematodes on crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingfu Yan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, 750030, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhanhui Tang
- School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130117, Changchun, China
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Novel time-domain NMR-based traits for rapid, label-free Olive oils profiling. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:59. [PMID: 36513670 PMCID: PMC9746572 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil is one of the oldest and essential edible oils in the market. The classification of olive oils (e.g. extra virgin, virgin, refined) is often influenced by factors ranging from its complex inherent physiochemical properties (e.g. fatty acid profiles) to the undisclosed manufacturing processes. Therefore, olive oils have been the target of adulteration due to its profitable margin. In this work, we demonstrate that multi-parametric time-domain NMR relaxometry can be used to rapidly (in minutes) identify and classify olive oils in label-free and non-destructive manner. The subtle differences in molecular microenvironment of the olive oils induce substantial changes in the relaxation mechanism in the time-domain NMR regime. We demonstrated that the proposed NMR-relaxation based detection (AUC = 0.95) is far more sensitive and specific than the current gold-standards in the field i.e. near-infrared spectroscopy (AUC = 0.84) and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (AUC = 0.73), respectively. We further show that, albeit the inherent complexity of olive plant natural phenotypic variations, the proposed NMR-relaxation based traits may be a viable mean (AUC = 0.71) in tracing the regions of origin for olive trees, in agreement with their geographical orientation.
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Vulnerability of non-native invasive plants to novel pathogen attack: do plant traits matter? Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Petruccelli R, Bartolini G, Ganino T, Zelasco S, Lombardo L, Perri E, Durante M, Bernardi R. Cold Stress, Freezing Adaptation, Varietal Susceptibility of Olea europaea L.: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1367. [PMID: 35631792 PMCID: PMC9144808 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen xerophytic tree characterizing vegetative landscape and historical-cultural identity of the Mediterranean Basin. More than 2600 cultivars constitute the rich genetic patrimony of the species cultivated in approximately 60 countries. As a subtropical species, the olive tree is quite sensitive to low temperatures, and air temperature is the most critical environmental factor limiting olive tree growth and production. In this present review, we explored the detrimental effects caused of low temperatures on olive cultivars, and analyzed the most frequently experimental procedures used to evaluate cold stress. Then, current findings freezing stress physiology and gene are summarized in olive tree, with an emphasis on adaptive mechanisms for cold tolerance. This review might clear the way for new research on adaptive mechanisms for cold acclimation and for improvement of olive growing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Petruccelli
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR/IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgio Bartolini
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR/IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Tommaso Ganino
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR/IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.)
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Samanta Zelasco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.Z.); (L.L.); (E.P.)
| | - Luca Lombardo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.Z.); (L.L.); (E.P.)
| | - Enzo Perri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (S.Z.); (L.L.); (E.P.)
| | - Mauro Durante
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (R.B.)
| | - Rodolfo Bernardi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (R.B.)
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Seasonal Variation of Leaf Ca, Fe, and Mn Concentration in Six Olive Varieties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf analysis is essential for diagnosing nutritional status and guiding fertilizer application. The present study aimed to investigate the appropriate time for leaf sampling and the effect of genotype on olive nutrition. We determined leaf nutrient concentrations of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in five Greek (‘Amfissis’, ‘Chondrolia Chalkidikis’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Mastoidis’, and ‘Kalamon’) and one Spanish (‘Picual’) variety from May 2019 to April 2020. The concentrations of Ca, Fe, and Mn were significantly affected by genotype and season. The highest concentrations for all nutrients were determined in April, while the lowest were in May, June, and October. Leaf Ca concentration significantly increased progressively from May to September for all the varieties. Leaves of ‘Koroneiki’ had the highest Ca concentration. Iron concentrations were within the sufficiency thresholds for all the varieties during the whole experimental period, and ‘Mastoidis’ showed the highest concentration. Leaf Mn concentration for all the varieties increased from May to September with an instant decrease in June, apart from ‘Amfissis’. The varieties ‘Kalamon’ and ‘Chondrolia Chalkidikis’ were found to be above the Mn sufficiency threshold throughout the year. Variations among season and genotype depict the complexity of nutrient transportation in leaf tissues.
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Combined Sulfur and Nitrogen Foliar Application Increases Extra Virgin Olive Oil Quantity without Affecting Its Nutritional Quality. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of combined sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) foliar fertilization on leaf S and N concentration, as well as on the growth of olive fruit and on the quantity and quality of olive oil, obtained from two olive cultivars ‘Istarska bjelica’ and ‘Leccino’ in two consecutive years. S and N are some of the most important nutrients, and both play a crucial role in plant oil production. The here-reported fertilization program significantly increased S concentration in leaves without affecting N concentration, which led to an increase in fruit yield and improvement of all fruit morphological parameters. The best oil yield per tree was obtained under the treatment with the highest S/N dose. Oil quality was not affected by S and N supply, and this allowed us to classify all our oil samples as extra virgin (EVOO). Regarding the content of total phenols (TPC) and composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), they remained unaltered under the applied treatments. All investigated fruit morphological parameters, as well as fruit and oil yield, were highly cultivar-dependent. ‘Istarska bjelica’ was characterized as a cultivar with higher fruit mass and pulp percentage, while its stone parameters were lower than those of ‘Leccino’. Consequently, the extraction oil yield obtained from ‘Istarska bjelica’ fruits was much higher. Moreover, environmental conditions had a great impact on fruit and oil quantity. The here-obtained results led us to the conclusion that supply of S and N can enhance oil production without affecting its nutritional quality, a finding that could generate large long-term effects on economic growth in the olive oil sector.
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Tadić J, Dumičić G, Veršić Bratinčević M, Vitko S, Radić Brkanac S. Physiological and Biochemical Response of Wild Olive ( Olea europaea Subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) to Salinity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:712005. [PMID: 34527009 PMCID: PMC8437259 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the face of climate change, water deficit and increasing soil salinity pose an even greater challenge to olive cultivation in the Mediterranean basin. Due to its tolerance to abiotic stresses, wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) presents a good candidate in breeding climate-resilient olive varieties. In this study, the early response of the native Croatian wild olive genotype (WOG) to salinity was evaluated and compared with that of well-known cultivars (cv.) Leccino and Koroneiki. Potted olive plants were exposed either to 150 mM NaCl or 300 mM mannitol for 3 weeks to distinguish between the osmotic and ionic components of salt stress. To determine the impact of the plant age on salinity, 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old WOG plants were used in the study. The growth parameters of both the cultivars and WOG of different ages decreased in response to the mannitol treatment. In contrast to cv. Leccino, the NaCl treatment did not significantly affect the growth of cv. Koroneiki or WOG of any age. The contents of Na+ and Cl- were considerably higher in the salt-treated WOG, regardless of age, compared with the cultivars. However, while both treatments significantly reduced the K+ content of cv. Koroneiki, that nutrient was not significantly affected in either cv. Leccino or WOG. Unlike the cultivars and older WOG, the NaCl treatment caused a significant decline of photosynthetic pigments in the 1-year-old WOG. The cultivars and WOG of different ages experienced a similar drop in the chlorophyll a content under the isotonic mannitol treatment. The absence of lipid peroxidation, modulation of superoxide dismutase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity were noted in all WOG ages under both stressors. These data suggest that WOG resilience to salinity is associated with its large leaf capacity for Na+ and Cl- accumulation, K+ retention, and its adaptable antioxidative mechanisms. The results are promising with regard to obtaining a new olive cultivar with better resilience to soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Tadić
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroPBioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gvozden Dumičić
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Veršić Bratinčević
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
| | - Sandra Vitko
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Radić Brkanac
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
Maximizing nitrogen uptake efficiency is a sustainable objective to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizers applied in olive orchards. Many factors affect this parameter, but nothing is known about whether there are differences among cultivars related to nitrogen uptake efficiency in the olive, and if there are interactions with soil type. To clarify these questions, two groups of experiments were conducted. In the first group, four experiments were carried out in which 20 olive cultivars were compared. In the second group, three experiments were carried out to study the interaction with the type of soil. In all experiments, mist-rooted olive cuttings were growing in 1.1 L pots containing a mixture of sand and peat (2:1 by volume). Depending on the experiment, plants were placed in a shadehouse or in growth chambers at 25/15 °C (day/night) with a 14 h photoperiod and 70% humidity. Plants received weekly applications of 100 ppm N throughout the irrigation water, alternating with one or two applications of 150 mL of tap water. Some plants of each cultivar did not receive nitrogen and served as a control for NUE calculation. A nutrient solution without nitrogen was applied every four weeks to prevent nutritional deficiencies. Results indicated that there are differences among cultivars in the efficiency of uptake nitrogen. The Spanish cultivars ‘Picual’, ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’, together with the Greek cultivar ‘Koroneiki’ and the Italian ‘Frantoio’, were the cultivars with high NUE in this work. Soil type did not affect NUE, and no interaction between soil type and cultivar was observed.
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Gahir S, Bharath P, Raghavendra AS. Stomatal Closure Sets in Motion Long-Term Strategies of Plant Defense Against Microbial Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761952. [PMID: 34646293 PMCID: PMC8502850 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Lukić I, Pasković I, Žurga P, Majetić Germek V, Brkljača M, Marcelić Š, Ban D, Grozić K, Lukić M, Užila Z, Goreta Ban S. Determination of the Variability of Biophenols and Mineral Nutrients in Olive Leaves with Respect to Cultivar, Collection Period and Geographical Location for Their Targeted and Well-Timed Exploitation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1667. [PMID: 33261197 PMCID: PMC7760844 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interactive effects of cultivar, collecting period, and geographical location on the content and composition of biophenols and macro and micronutrients in olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf were investigated. Leaves of six cultivars were collected at three periods in two locations in Croatia. The leaves of Istarska bjelica cultivar had the greatest biophenol (oleuropein) potential, especially those sampled in January and in March at the location of Pag. All the cultivars yielded leaves with the highest concentration of biophenols in March, which coincided with the pruning period. Except for high oleuropein concentration in Istarska bjelica, flavonoids were found to be most useful for differentiating olive leaves according to cultivar. Verbascoside turned out to be the most potent differentiator of collecting periods, while phosphorus and zinc turned out to be most useful for differentiating locations. Despite different agroecological conditions at the two locations, cultivar exhibited a significant effect on olive leaf nutrient composition, which was certainly causally related to that of the biophenols. The results obtained showed that it is possible to plan more well-timed and efficient exploitation of biophenols from olive leaf based on the knowledge about the interactive effects of the three studied factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lukić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (I.L.); (D.B.); (K.G.); (M.L.); (Z.U.); (S.G.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Pasković
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (I.L.); (D.B.); (K.G.); (M.L.); (Z.U.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Paula Žurga
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-goranska County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Valerija Majetić Germek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Food Technology and Control, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Mia Brkljača
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Šime Marcelić
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Mihovila Pavlinovića bb, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;
| | - Dean Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (I.L.); (D.B.); (K.G.); (M.L.); (Z.U.); (S.G.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Grozić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (I.L.); (D.B.); (K.G.); (M.L.); (Z.U.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Marina Lukić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (I.L.); (D.B.); (K.G.); (M.L.); (Z.U.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Zoran Užila
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (I.L.); (D.B.); (K.G.); (M.L.); (Z.U.); (S.G.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (I.L.); (D.B.); (K.G.); (M.L.); (Z.U.); (S.G.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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