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Ribeiro H, Mariz-Ponte N, Pereira S, Guedes A, Abreu I, Moura L, Santos C. Can Photoselective Nets' Influence Pollen Traits? A Case Study in 'Matua' and 'Tomuri' Kiwifruit Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1691. [PMID: 38931122 PMCID: PMC11207864 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing use of photoselective nets (PNs) raises the question of their influence on pollen traits. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PNs (yellow, pearl, and grey) on the pollen of 'Matua' and 'Tomuri' Actinidia deliciosa cultivars. The pollen size and the exine were studied with a light microscopy and a scanning electron microscopy, and the fertility was analysed by a viability assay and in vitro germination. The total soluble proteins (TSPs) and sugars (TSSs) were quantified by colorimetric assays. The molecular structure of the pollen grain's wall was analysed by a Raman spectroscopy. The pollen from the plants under the PNs had a larger width and area and a lower germination rate. No significant changes were observed in the exine's microperforations. The TSP and TSS contents were influenced by the cultivar and PNs (particularly the pearl PN). The Raman spectra of the pollen from the plants grown under the nets presented some bands that significantly shifted from their original position, indicating differences in the vibration modes of the molecules, but no overall changes at their structural or organisation level were found. Our study showed that the PNs could influence several pollen traits, with the pearl PN inducing greater modifications. Our results also support the idea that cultivars affect the outcome of some characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ribeiro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal (A.G.)
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pereira
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal (A.G.)
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Guedes
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal (A.G.)
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Abreu
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Moura
- Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability (CISAS), Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Shaikh R, Tafintseva V, Nippolainen E, Virtanen V, Solheim J, Zimmermann B, Saarakkala S, Töyräs J, Kohler A, Afara IO. Characterisation of Cartilage Damage via Fusing Mid-Infrared, Near-Infrared, and Raman Spectroscopic Data. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1036. [PMID: 37511649 PMCID: PMC10381453 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and Raman spectroscopy are all well-established analytical techniques in biomedical applications. Since they provide complementary chemical information, we aimed to determine whether combining them amplifies their strengths and mitigates their weaknesses. This study investigates the feasibility of the fusion of MIR, NIR, and Raman spectroscopic data for characterising articular cartilage integrity. Osteochondral specimens from bovine patellae were subjected to mechanical and enzymatic damage, and then MIR, NIR, and Raman data were acquired from the damaged and control specimens. We assessed the capacity of individual spectroscopic methods to classify the samples into damage or control groups using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Multi-block PLS-DA was carried out to assess the potential of data fusion by combining the dataset by applying two-block (MIR and NIR, MIR and Raman, NIR and Raman) and three-block approaches (MIR, NIR, and Raman). The results of the one-block models show a higher classification accuracy for NIR (93%) and MIR (92%) than for Raman (76%) spectroscopy. In contrast, we observed the highest classification efficiency of 94% and 93% for the two-block (MIR and NIR) and three-block models, respectively. The detailed correlative analysis of the spectral features contributing to the discrimination in the three-block models adds considerably more insight into the molecular origin of cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Shaikh
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 XT95 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ervin Nippolainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Virtanen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanne Solheim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisban, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Isaac O Afara
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisban, QLD 4072, Australia
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Cattaneo C, Givonetti A, Cavaletto M. Protein Mass Fingerprinting and Antioxidant Power of Hemp Seeds in Relation to Plant Cultivar and Environment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:782. [PMID: 36840130 PMCID: PMC9966504 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa (hemp) seeds are considered a functional food for their favorable contents of essential fatty acids, proteins and antioxidants. Beyond phenolics and carotenoids, the bioactivity of proteins has recently been investigated. However, plant genotype and environmental conditions can affect quantity and quality of macronutrients and phytochemicals in seeds, influencing their nutraceutical properties. In this study, the effects of plant variety and seed origin on the protein profile and antioxidant activity of hemp seeds were evaluated. Seeds from two cultivars, Secuieni Jubileu and Finola, were harvested from a mountain field located in Italy and compared with reference seeds used for sowing. Albumin and globulin extracts were obtained using the Osborne method and their antioxidant power was assayed (DPPH and ABTS methods). A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry method was developed for protein fingerprinting analysis. Albumins from seeds of the mountain site showed higher radical scavenging activity and compounds of lower molecular weight than reference seeds, suggesting a role of proteins in the observed bioactivity. The MALDI-TOF method discriminated samples according to origin and variety, highlighting changes in the protein profile and identifying signals which could be used as markers of hemp cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cattaneo
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, DiSIT, University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Givonetti
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, DiSSTE, University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, DiSSTE, University of Eastern Piedmont, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
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Temperature- and Nutrients-Induced Phenotypic Changes of Antarctic Green Snow Bacteria Probed by High-Throughput FTIR Spectroscopy. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060890. [PMID: 35741411 PMCID: PMC9220083 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Green snow microorganisms play an important role in biogeochemical cycle and carbon sink processes and they can be a source of biotechnologically interesting cell factories. A wide temperature tolerance is a unique property of bacteria isolated from cold environments, which has received great attention in the last years. The present paper examines the growth and chemical profile flexibility for green snow bacteria exposed to different temperature and nutrient fluctuations. By applying high-throughput chemical phenotyping with FTIR spectroscopy we discovered chemical changes possessed by green snow bacteria when grown at high/low temperature and rich/minimal media. Abstract Temperature fluctuations and nutrient composition are the main parameters influencing green snow microbiome. In this study we investigated the influence of temperature and nutrient conditions on the growth and cellular chemical profile of bacteria isolated from green snow. Chemical profiling of the green snow bacteria was done by high-throughput FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis. We showed that temperature and nutrients fluctuations strongly affect growth ability and chemical profile of the green snow bacteria. The size of colonies for green snow bacteria grown at higher (25 °C) and lower (4 °C and 10 °C) than optimal temperature (18 °C) was smaller. All isolates grew on rich medium, and only 19 isolates were able to grow on synthetic minimal media. Lipid and mixed spectral regions showed to be phylogeny related. FTIR fingerprinting indicates that lipids are often affected by the temperature fluctuations. Growth on different media resulted in the change of the whole chemical profile, where lipids showed to be more affected than proteins and polysaccharides. Correlation analysis showed that nutrient composition is clearly strongly influencing chemical changes in the cells, followed by temperature.
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Stiebing C, Post N, Schindler C, Göhrig B, Lux H, Popp J, Heutelbeck A, Schie IW. Revealing the Chemical Composition of Birch Pollen Grains by Raman Spectroscopic Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095112. [PMID: 35563504 PMCID: PMC9101400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the biochemical composition of pollen grains is of the utmost interest for several environmental aspects, such as their allergenic potential and their changes in growth conditions due to climatic factors. In order to fully understand the composition of pollen grains, not only is an in-depth analysis of their molecular components necessary but also spatial information of, e.g., the thickness of the outer shell, should be recorded. However, there is a lack of studies using molecular imaging methods for a spatially resolved biochemical composition on a single-grain level. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was implemented as an analytical tool to investigate birch pollen by imaging single pollen grains and analyzing their spectral profiles. The imaging modality allowed us to reveal the layered structure of pollen grains based on the biochemical information of the recorded Raman spectra. Seven different birch pollen species collected at two different locations in Germany were investigated and compared. Using chemometric algorithms such as hierarchical cluster analysis and multiple-curve resolution, several components of the grain wall, such as sporopollenin, as well as the inner core presenting high starch concentrations, were identified and quantified. Differences in the concentrations of, e.g., sporopollenin, lipids and proteins in the pollen species at the two different collection sites were found, and are discussed in connection with germination and other growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Nele Post
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Claudia Schindler
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Bianca Göhrig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Harald Lux
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Heutelbeck
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Iwan W. Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Dzurendová S, Shapaval V, Tafintseva V, Kohler A, Byrtusová D, Szotkowski M, Márová I, Zimmermann B. Assessment of Biotechnologically Important Filamentous Fungal Biomass by Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6710. [PMID: 34201486 PMCID: PMC8269384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous filamentous fungi can accumulate large amount of cellular lipids and biopolymers and pigments and potentially serve as a major source of biochemicals for food, feed, chemical, pharmaceutical, and transport industries. We assessed suitability of Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy for screening and process monitoring of filamentous fungi in biotechnology. Six Mucoromycota strains were cultivated in microbioreactors under six growth conditions (three phosphate concentrations in the presence and absence of calcium). FT-Raman and FT-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic data was assessed in respect to reference analyses of lipids, phosphorus, and carotenoids by using principal component analysis (PCA), multiblock or consensus PCA, partial least square regression (PLSR), and analysis of spectral variation due to different design factors by an ANOVA model. All main chemical biomass constituents were detected by FT-Raman spectroscopy, including lipids, proteins, cell wall carbohydrates, and polyphosphates, and carotenoids. FT-Raman spectra clearly show the effect of growth conditions on fungal biomass. PLSR models with high coefficients of determination (0.83-0.94) and low error (approximately 8%) for quantitative determination of total lipids, phosphates, and carotenoids were established. FT-Raman spectroscopy showed great potential for chemical analysis of biomass of oleaginous filamentous fungi. The study demonstrates that FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopies provide complementary information on main fungal biomass constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dzurendová
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Dana Byrtusová
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Martin Szotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ivana Márová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (S.D.); (V.S.); (V.T.); (A.K.); (D.B.)
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Liedtke I, Diehn S, Heiner Z, Seifert S, Obenaus S, Büttner C, Kneipp J. Multivariate Raman mapping for phenotypic characterization in plant tissue sections. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119418. [PMID: 33461131 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and characterizing the biochemical variation in plant tissues is an important task in many research fields. Small spectral differences of the plant cell wall that are caused by genetic or environmental influences may be superimposed by individual variation as well as by a microscopic heterogeneity in molecular composition and structure of different histological substructures. A set of 56 samples from Cucumis sativus (cucumber) plants, comprising a total of ~168,000 spectra from tissue sections of leaf, stem, and roots was investigated by Raman microspectroscopic mapping excited at 532 nm. A multivariate analysis was carried out in order to assess the variation of the spectra with respect to origin of the tissue, the histological (cell wall) substructures, and the possibility to discriminate the spectra obtained from different individuals that had been subjected to two different conditions during growth. Combining the results of principal component analysis (PCA) based classification with the original spatial information in the maps of 23 sections of leaf xylem, variation in cell wall composition is found for four different individuals that also includes a discrimination of tissue grown in the presence and absence of additional silicic acid in the irrigation water of the plants. The spectral data point to differences in a contribution by carotenoids, as well as by hydroxycinnamic acids to the spectra. The results give new insight into the chemical heterogeneity of plant tissues and may be useful for elucidating biochemical processes associated with biomineralization by vibrational spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Liedtke
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Diehn
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Heiner
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof SALSA, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 5-11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Obenaus
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Gartenbauwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Lentzeallee 55/57, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Gartenbauwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Phytomedizin, Lentzeallee 55/57, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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de Souza LP, Borghi M, Fernie A. Plant Single-Cell Metabolomics-Challenges and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8987. [PMID: 33256100 PMCID: PMC7730874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics approaches for investigating biological systems were introduced in the mid-1990s and quickly consolidated to become a fundamental pillar of modern biology. The idea of measuring the whole complement of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites has since become widespread and routinely adopted in the pursuit of an infinity of scientific questions. Incremental improvements over technical aspects such as sampling, sensitivity, cost, and throughput pushed even further the boundaries of what these techniques can achieve. In this context, single-cell genomics and transcriptomics quickly became a well-established tool to answer fundamental questions challenging to assess at a whole tissue level. Following a similar trend as the original development of these techniques, proteomics alternatives for single-cell exploration have become more accessible and reliable, whilst metabolomics lag behind the rest. This review summarizes state-of-the-art technologies for spatially resolved metabolomics analysis, as well as the challenges hindering the achievement of sensu stricto metabolome coverage at the single-cell level. Furthermore, we discuss several essential contributions to understanding plant single-cell metabolism, finishing with our opinion on near-future developments and relevant scientific questions that will hopefully be tackled by incorporating these new exciting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 1435 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Diehn S, Zimmermann B, Tafintseva V, Bağcıoğlu M, Kohler A, Ohlson M, Fjellheim S, Kneipp J. Discrimination of grass pollen of different species by FTIR spectroscopy of individual pollen grains. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6459-6474. [PMID: 32350580 PMCID: PMC7442581 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy enables the chemical characterization and identification of pollen samples, leading to a wide range of applications, such as paleoecology and allergology. This is of particular interest in the identification of grass (Poaceae) species since they have pollen grains of very similar morphology. Unfortunately, the correct identification of FTIR microspectroscopy spectra of single pollen grains is hindered by strong spectral contributions from Mie scattering. Embedding of pollen samples in paraffin helps to retrieve infrared spectra without scattering artifacts. In this study, pollen samples from 10 different populations of five grass species (Anthoxanthum odoratum, Bromus inermis, Hordeum bulbosum, Lolium perenne, and Poa alpina) were embedded in paraffin, and their single grain spectra were obtained by FTIR microspectroscopy. Spectra were subjected to different preprocessing in order to suppress paraffin influence on spectral classification. It is shown that decomposition by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) that utilizes a paraffin constituent spectrum, respectively, leads to good success rates for the classification of spectra with respect to species by a partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model in full cross-validation for several species. PLS-DA, artificial neural network, and random forest classifiers were applied on the EMSC-corrected spectra using an independent validation to assign spectra from unknown populations to the species. Variation within and between species, together with the differences in classification results, is in agreement with the systematics within the Poaceae family. The results illustrate the great potential of FTIR microspectroscopy for automated classification and identification of grass pollen, possibly together with other, complementary methods for single pollen chemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Diehn
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Murat Bağcıoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Mikael Ohlson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Kenđel A, Zimmermann B. Chemical Analysis of Pollen by FT-Raman and FTIR Spectroscopies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:352. [PMID: 32296453 PMCID: PMC7136416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollen studies are important for the assessment of present and past environment, including biodiversity, sexual reproduction of plants and plant-pollinator interactions, monitoring of aeroallergens, and impact of climate and pollution on wild communities and cultivated crops. Although information on chemical composition of pollen is of importance in all of those research areas, pollen chemistry has been rarely measured due to complex and time-consuming analyses. Vibrational spectroscopies, coupled with multivariate data analysis, have shown great potential for rapid chemical characterization, identification and classification of pollen. This study, comprising 219 species from all principal taxa of seed plants, has demonstrated that high-quality Raman spectra of pollen can be obtained by Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy. In combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), FT-Raman spectroscopy is obtaining comprehensive information on pollen chemistry. Presence of all the main biochemical constituents of pollen, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, carotenoids and sporopollenins, have been identified and detected in the spectra, and the study shows approaches to measure relative and absolute content of these constituents. The results show that FT-Raman spectroscopy has clear advantage over standard dispersive Raman measurements, in particular for measurement of pollen samples with high pigment content. FT-Raman spectra are strongly biased toward chemical composition of pollen wall constituents, namely sporopollenins and pigments. This makes Raman spectra complementary to FTIR spectra, which over-represent chemical constituents of the grain interior, such as lipids and carbohydrates. The results show a large variability in pollen chemistry for families, genera and even congeneric species, revealing wide range of reproductive strategies, from storage of nutrients to variation in carotenoids and phenylpropanoids. The information on pollen's chemical patterns for major plant taxa should be of outstanding value for various studies in plant biology and ecology, including aerobiology, palaeoecology, forensics, community ecology, plant-pollinator interactions, and climate effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Kenđel
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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