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Yang D, Wang R, Lai H, He Y, Chen Y, Xun C, Zhang Y, He Z. Comparative Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Fatty Acid Accumulation in Three Camellia oleifera Varieties During Seed Maturing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39084609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera, a major woody oil crop in China, produces tea oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids, earning it names like liquid gold and eastern olive oil. This study provides an integrated investigation of the transcriptome and lipidome within seeds at the maturing process across three C. oleifera varieties, revealing a significant relationship between fatty acid production and genes involved in lipid synthesis. Through transcriptomic analysis, 26,344 genes with varied expression were found. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted that pathways related to starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and lipid accumulation were highly enriched among the differentially expressed genes. Coordinated high expression of key genes (ACCase, KAS I, KAS II, KAS III, KAR, HAD, EAR, SAD, LPAAT, LACS, DGAT, PDAT) during the late maturation stage contributes largely to high oil content. Additionally, expression variations of SAD and FADs among different varieties were explored. The analysis suggests that high expression of genes such as FAD3, FAD7, and FAD8 notably increased linolenic acid content. This research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of oil biosynthesis in C. oleifera, offering valuable references for improving yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Yang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Hanggui Lai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yimin He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Chengfeng Xun
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Zhilong He
- Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410116, China
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Cedden D, Güney G, Toprak U. The integral role of de novo lipogenesis in the preparation for seasonal dormancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406194121. [PMID: 38990942 PMCID: PMC11260141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406194121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals can alter their body compositions in anticipation of dormancy to endure seasons with limited food availability. Accumulation of lipid reserves, mostly in the form of triglycerides (TAGs), is observed during the preparation for dormancy in diverse animals, including insects (diapause) and mammals (hibernation). However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid accumulation and the ecological consequences of failure to accumulate adequate lipid stores in preparation for animal dormancy remain understudied. In the broadest sense, lipid reserves can be accumulated in two ways: the animal either receives lipids directly from the environment or converts the sugars and amino acids present in food to fatty acids through de novo lipogenesis and then to TAGs. Here, we show that preparation for diapause in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) involves orchestrated upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism with a transcript peak in 8- and 10-d-old diapause-destined insects. Regulation at the transcript abundance level was associated with the accumulation of substantial fat stores. Furthermore, the knockdown of de novo lipogenesis enzymes (ACCase and FAS-1) prolonged the preparatory phase, while the knockdown of fatty acid transportation genes shortened the preparatory phase. Our findings suggest a model in which the insects dynamically decide when to transition from the preparation phase into diapause, depending on the progress in lipid accumulation through de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doga Cedden
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara06110, Türkiye
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Gözde Güney
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara06110, Türkiye
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Umut Toprak
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara06110, Türkiye
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Hu J, Chen F, Zang J, Li Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Shi L, Xiu Y, Lin S. Native promoter-mediated transcriptional regulation of crucial oleosin protein OLE1 from Prunus sibirica for seed development and high oil accumulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126650. [PMID: 37666400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleosin (OLE) is vital to stabilize lipid droplet for seed triacylglycerol (TAG) storage. This work aimed to determine key OLE and to unravel mechanism that governed seed oil accumulation of Prunus sibirica for developing biodiesel. An integrated assay of global identification of LD-related protein and the cross-accessions/developing stages comparisons associated with oil accumulative amount and OLE transcript level was performed on seeds of 12 plus trees of P. sibirica to identify OLE1 (15.5 kDa) as key oleosin protein crucial for high seed oil accumulation. The OLE1 gene and its promoter were cloned from P. sibirica seeds, and overexpression of PsOLE1 in Arabidopsis was conducted under the controls of native promoter and constitutive CaMV35S promoter, respectively. PsOLE1 promoter had seed-specific cis-elements and showed seed specificity, by which PsOLE1 was specifically expressed in seeds. Ectopic overexpression of PsOLE1, especially driven by its promoter, could facilitate seed development and oil accumulation with an increase in unsaturated FAs, and upregulate transcript of TAG assembly enzymes, but suppress transcript of LD/TAG-hydrolyzed lipases and transporters, revealing a role of native promoter-mediated transcription of PsOLE1 in seed development and oil accumulation. PsOLE1 and its promoter have considerable potential for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junxin Zang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Liang Y, Yu X, Anaokar S, Shi H, Dahl WB, Cai Y, Luo G, Chai J, Cai Y, Mollá‐Morales A, Altpeter F, Ernst E, Schwender J, Martienssen RA, Shanklin J. Engineering triacylglycerol accumulation in duckweed (Lemna japonica). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:317-330. [PMID: 36209479 PMCID: PMC9884027 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are amongst the fastest growing of higher plants, making them attractive high-biomass targets for biofuel feedstock production. Their fronds have high rates of fatty acid synthesis to meet the demand for new membranes, but triacylglycerols (TAG) only accumulate to very low levels. Here we report on the engineering of Lemna japonica for the synthesis and accumulation of TAG in its fronds. This was achieved by expression of an estradiol-inducible cyan fluorescent protein-Arabidopsis WRINKLED1 fusion protein (CFP-AtWRI1), strong constitutive expression of a mouse diacylglycerol:acyl-CoA acyltransferase2 (MmDGAT), and a sesame oleosin variant (SiOLE(*)). Individual expression of each gene increased TAG accumulation by 1- to 7-fold relative to controls, while expression of pairs of these genes increased TAG by 7- to 45-fold. In uninduced transgenics containing all three genes, TAG accumulation increased by 45-fold to 3.6% of dry weight (DW) without severely impacting growth, and by 108-fold to 8.7% of DW after incubation on medium containing 100 μm estradiol for 4 days. TAG accumulation was accompanied by an increase in total fatty acids of up to three-fold to approximately 15% of DW. Lipid droplets from fronds of all transgenic lines were visible by confocal microscopy of BODIPY-stained fronds. At a conservative 12 tonnes (dry matter) per acre and 10% (DW) TAG, duckweed could produce 350 gallons of oil/acre/year, approximately seven-fold the yield of soybean, and similar to that of oil palm. These findings provide the foundation for optimizing TAG accumulation in duckweed and present a new opportunity for producing biofuels and lipidic bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxue Liang
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Xiao‐Hong Yu
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Sanket Anaokar
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Hai Shi
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | | | - Yingqi Cai
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Agronomy Department, Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Jin Chai
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Yuanheng Cai
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | | | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Evan Ernst
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Robert A. Martienssen
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
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5
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Chincinska IA, Miklaszewska M, Sołtys-Kalina D. Recent advances and challenges in potato improvement using CRISPR/Cas genome editing. PLANTA 2022; 257:25. [PMID: 36562862 PMCID: PMC9789015 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas technology improves the quality of potato as a food crop and enables its use as both a model plant in fundamental research and as a potential biofactory for producing valuable compounds for industrial applications. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plays a significant role in ensuring global food and nutritional security. Tuber yield is negatively affected by biotic and abiotic stresses, and enzymatic browning and cold-induced sweetening significantly contribute to post-harvest quality losses. With the dual challenges of a growing population and a changing climate, potato enhancement is essential for its sustainable production. However, due to several characteristics of potato, including high levels of heterozygosity, tetrasomic inheritance, inbreeding depression, and self-incompatibility of diploid potato, conventional breeding practices are insufficient to achieve substantial trait improvement in tetraploid potato cultivars within a relatively short time. CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing has opened new possibilities to develop novel potato varieties with high commercialization potential. In this review, we summarize recent developments in optimizing CRISPR/Cas-based methods for potato genome editing, focusing on approaches addressing the challenging biology of this species. We also discuss the feasibility of obtaining transgene-free genome-edited potato varieties and explore different strategies to improve potato stress resistance, nutritional value, starch composition, and storage and processing characteristics. Altogether, this review provides insight into recent advances, possible bottlenecks, and future research directions in potato genome editing using CRISPR/Cas technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Anna Chincinska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Miklaszewska
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorota Sołtys-Kalina
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Platanowa 19, 05-831, Młochów, Poland
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6
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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Nam JW, Lee HG, Do H, Kim HU, Seo PJ. Transcriptional regulation of triacylglycerol accumulation in plants under environmental stress conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2905-2917. [PMID: 35560201 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG), a major energy reserve in lipid form, accumulates mainly in seeds. Although TAG concentrations are usually low in vegetative tissues because of the repression of seed maturation programs, these programs are derepressed upon the exposure of vegetative tissues to environmental stresses. Metabolic reprogramming of TAG accumulation is driven primarily by transcriptional regulation. A substantial proportion of transcription factors regulating seed TAG biosynthesis also participates in stress-induced TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues. TAG accumulation leads to the formation of lipid droplets and plastoglobules, which play important roles in plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Toxic lipid intermediates generated from environmental-stress-induced lipid membrane degradation are captured by TAG-containing lipid droplets and plastoglobules. This review summarizes recent advances in the transcriptional control of metabolic reprogramming underlying stress-induced TAG accumulation, and provides biological insight into the plant adaptive strategy, linking TAG biosynthesis with plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Gil Lee
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyungju Do
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Bacilio-Jiménez M, Carreon-Palau L, Arredondo-Vega BO, Alejandra Chávez-Cobian J, Carrillo-González R. Changes in fatty acid in Tecoma stans grown in mine residues after compost amendment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:1455-1464. [PMID: 35196468 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2033690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amendment tailing heaps with compost may deplete metal(loid)s concentration and improve the conditions for plant development. This research aimed to compare the Tecoma stans ability to grow on soil from the Sonora desert and mining waste (MW) after amendment with compost. Amendment the MW, with compost, decreased soluble As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn up to 47, 33, 11, 34, 69, and 34%, respectively; increased ten times the leaves weight, and thirteen times the leaf area of the plants. Arsenic, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in plants tissues decreased 27, 28, 27, 12, and 11%, respectively. The bioaccumulation and translocation factors were lower than one, so T. stans do not accumulate these elements. Polyunsaturated fatty acids 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3 were increased, suggesting lower alteration of thylakoidal membrane integrity due to compost treatment. But, the amendment to the tailing was not enough to deplete the abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Carreon-Palau
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Clark TJ, Schwender J. Elucidation of Triacylglycerol Overproduction in the C 4 Bioenergy Crop Sorghum bicolor by Constraint-Based Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:787265. [PMID: 35251073 PMCID: PMC8892208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.787265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in vegetative plant tissues such as leaves has the potential to drastically increase the energy density and biomass yield of bioenergy crops. In this context, constraint-based analysis has the promise to improve metabolic engineering strategies. Here we present a core metabolism model for the C4 biomass crop Sorghum bicolor (iTJC1414) along with a minimal model for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, sucrose and TAG biosynthesis in C3 plants. Extending iTJC1414 to a four-cell diel model we simulate C4 photosynthesis in mature leaves with the principal photo-assimilatory product being replaced by TAG produced at different levels. Independent of specific pathways and per unit carbon assimilated, energy content and biosynthetic demands in reducing equivalents are about 1.3 to 1.4 times higher for TAG than for sucrose. For plant generic pathways, ATP- and NADPH-demands per CO2 assimilated are higher by 1.3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. If the photosynthetic supply in ATP and NADPH in iTJC1414 is adjusted to be balanced for sucrose as the sole photo-assimilatory product, overproduction of TAG is predicted to cause a substantial surplus in photosynthetic ATP. This means that if TAG synthesis was the sole photo-assimilatory process, there could be an energy imbalance that might impede the process. Adjusting iTJC1414 to a photo-assimilatory rate that approximates field conditions, we predict possible daily rates of TAG accumulation, dependent on varying ratios of carbon partitioning between exported assimilates and accumulated oil droplets (TAG, oleosin) and in dependence of activation of futile cycles of TAG synthesis and degradation. We find that, based on the capacity of leaves for photosynthetic synthesis of exported assimilates, mature leaves should be able to reach a 20% level of TAG per dry weight within one month if only 5% of the photosynthetic net assimilation can be allocated into oil droplets. From this we conclude that high TAG levels should be achievable if TAG synthesis is induced only during a final phase of the plant life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J. Clark
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Department of Energy Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, United States
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10
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Tussipkan D, Manabayeva SA. Employing CRISPR/Cas Technology for the Improvement of Potato and Other Tuber Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:747476. [PMID: 34764969 PMCID: PMC8576567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.747476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
New breeding technologies have not only revolutionized biological science, but have also been employed to generate transgene-free products. Genome editing is a powerful technology that has been used to modify genomes of several important crops. This review describes the basic mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of genome editing systems, such as ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas. Secondly, we summarize in detail all studies of the CRISPR/Cas system applied to potato and other tuber crops, such as sweet potato, cassava, yam, and carrot. Genes associated with self-incompatibility, abiotic-biotic resistance, nutrient-antinutrient content, and post-harvest factors targeted utilizing the CRISPR/Cas system are analyzed in this review. We hope that this review provides fundamental information that will be useful for future breeding of tuber crops to develop novel cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuga A. Manabayeva
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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11
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Ojha R, Kaur S, Sinha K, Chawla K, Kaur S, Jadhav H, Kaur M, Bhunia RK. Characterization of oleosin genes from forage sorghum in Arabidopsis and yeast reveals their role in storage lipid stability. PLANTA 2021; 254:97. [PMID: 34655341 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of forage sorghum oleosin genes in Arabidopsis oleosin-deficient mutant and yeast showed increased germination rate, triacylglycerol content, and protection against lipase-mediated TAG degradation. Plant lipids are an important source of ration for cattle or other livestock animals to fulfil their energy needs. Poor energy containing green forages are still one of the major sources of food for livestock animals, leaving the animals undernourished. This lowers the milk and meat production efficiency, thereby affecting human consumption. Oleosin, an essential oil body surface protein, is capable of enhancing and stabilizing the lipid content in plants. We identified and functionally characterized three forage sorghum oleosin genes (SbOle1, SbOle2, and SbOle3) in Arabidopsis and yeast. Phylogenetic analysis of SbOle proteins showed a close relationship with rice and maize oleosins. Expression analysis of SbOle genes determined a higher expression pattern in embryo followed by endosperm, while its expression in the non-seed tissues remained negligible. Overexpression of SbOle genes in Arabidopsis ole1-deficient mutants showed restoration of normal germination whereas control mutant seeds showed lower germination rates. Heterologous overexpression of SbOle in yeast cells resulted in increased TAG accumulation. Additionally, the TAG turnover assay showed the effectiveness of SbOle genes in reducing the yeast endogenous and rumen bacterial lipase-mediated TAG degradation. Taken together, our findings not only provide insights into forage sorghum oleosin for increasing the energy content in non-seed organs but also opened up the direction towards implication of oleosin in rumen protection of fodders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabishankar Ojha
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kirti Chawla
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sumandeep Kaur
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Harish Jadhav
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Manmehar Kaur
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Larkin P, Zhou X, Liu Q, Reynolds K, Vanhercke T, Ral J, Li Z, Wu X, Yu R, Luo J, Newberry M, Howitt C. A transcriptional journey from sucrose to endosperm oil bodies in triple transgene oily wheat grain. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lehmann P, Westberg M, Tang P, Lindström L, Käkelä R. The Diapause Lipidomes of Three Closely Related Beetle Species Reveal Mechanisms for Tolerating Energetic and Cold Stress in High-Latitude Seasonal Environments. Front Physiol 2020; 11:576617. [PMID: 33101058 PMCID: PMC7546402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.576617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During winter insects face energetic stress driven by lack of food, and thermal stress due to sub-optimal and even lethal temperatures. To survive, most insects living in seasonal environments such as high latitudes, enter diapause, a deep resting stage characterized by a cessation of development, metabolic suppression and increased stress tolerance. The current study explores physiological adaptations related to diapause in three beetle species at high latitudes in Europe. From an ecological perspective, the comparison is interesting since one species (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is an invasive pest that has recently expanded its range into northern Europe, where a retardation in range expansion is seen. By comparing its physiological toolkit to that of two closely related native beetles (Agelastica alni and Chrysolina polita) with similar overwintering ecology and collected from similar latitude, we can study if harsh winters might be constraining further expansion. Our results suggest all species suppress metabolism during diapause and build large lipid stores before diapause, which then are used sparingly. In all species diapause is associated with temporal shifts in storage and membrane lipid profiles, mostly in accordance with the homeoviscous adaptation hypothesis, stating that low temperatures necessitate acclimation responses that increase fluidity of storage lipids, allowing their enzymatic hydrolysis, and ensure integral protein functions. Overall, the two native species had similar lipidomic profiles when compared to the invasive species, but all species showed specific shifts in their lipid profiles after entering diapause. Taken together, all three species show adaptations that improve energy saving and storage and membrane lipid fluidity during overwintering diapause. While the three species differed in the specific strategies used to increase lipid viscosity, the two native beetle species showed a more canalized lipidomic response, than the recent invader. Since close relatives with similar winter ecology can have different winter ecophysiology, extrapolations among species should be done with care. Still, range expansion of the recent invader into high latitude habitats might indeed be retarded by lack of physiological tools to manage especially thermal stress during winter, but conversely species adapted to long cold winters may face these stressors as a consequence of ongoing climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Melissa Westberg
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrik Tang
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leena Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute for Life Science and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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