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Guo J, Liu S, Jing D, He K, Zhang Y, Li M, Qi J, Wang Z. Genotypic variation in field-grown maize eliminates trade-offs between resistance, tolerance and growth in response to high pressure from the Asian corn borer. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3072-3089. [PMID: 36207806 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivory challenges plant survival, and coordination of the interactions between growth, herbivore resistance/tolerance is a key problem faced by plants. Based on field experiments into resistance to the Asian corn borer (ACB, Ostrinia furnacalis), we selected 10 inbred maize lines, of which five were resistant and five were susceptible to ACB. We conducted ACB larval bioassays, analysed defensive chemicals, phytohormones, and relative gene expression using RNA-seq and qPCR as well as agronomic traits, and found resistant lines had weaker inducibility, but were more resistant after ACB attack than susceptible lines. Resistance was related to high levels of major benzoxazinoids, but was not related to induced levels of JA or JA-Ile. Following combination analyses of transcriptome, metabolome and larval performance data, we discovered three benzoxazinoids biosynthesis-related transcription factors, NAC60, WRKY1 and WRKY46. Protoplast transformation analysis suggested that these may regulate maize defence-growth trade-offs by increasing levels of benzoxazinoids, JA and SA but decreasing IAA. Moreover, the resistance/tolerance-growth trade-offs were not observed in the 10 lines, and genotype-specific metabolic and genetic features probably eliminated the trade-offs. This study highlights the possibility of breeding maize varieties simultaneously with improved defences and higher yield under complex field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshun Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jaccard C, Ye W, Bustos-Segura C, Glauser G, Kaplan I, Benrey B. Consequences of squash (Cucurbita argyrosperma) domestication for plant defence and herbivore interactions. PLANTA 2023; 257:106. [PMID: 37127808 PMCID: PMC10151309 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Cucurbita argyrosperma domestication affected plant defence by downregulating the cucurbitacin synthesis-associated genes. However, tissue-specific suppression of defences made the cultivars less attractive to co-evolved herbivores Diabrotica balteata and Acalymma spp. Plant domestication reduces the levels of defensive compounds, increasing susceptibility to insects. In squash, the reduction of cucurbitacins has independently occurred several times during domestication. The mechanisms underlying these changes and their consequences for insect herbivores remain unknown. We investigated how Cucurbita argyrosperma domestication has affected plant chemical defence and the interactions with two herbivores, the generalist Diabrotica balteata and the specialist Acalymma spp. Cucurbitacin levels and associated genes in roots and cotyledons in three wild and four domesticated varieties were analysed. Domesticated varieties contained virtually no cucurbitacins in roots and very low amounts in cotyledons. Contrastingly, cucurbitacin synthesis-associated genes were highly expressed in the roots of wild populations. Larvae of both insects strongly preferred to feed on the roots of wild squash, negatively affecting the generalist's performance but not that of the specialist. Our findings illustrate that domestication results in tissue-specific suppression of chemical defence, making cultivars less attractive to co-evolved herbivores. In the case of squash, this may be driven by the unique role of cucurbitacins in stimulating feeding in chrysomelid beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlyne Jaccard
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- Laboratory for Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ian Kaplan
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Betty Benrey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Salazar-Mendoza P, Magalhães DM, Lourenção AL, Bento JMS. Differential defensive and nutritional traits among cultivated tomato and its wild relatives shape their interactions with a specialist herbivore. PLANTA 2023; 257:76. [PMID: 36894799 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated tomato presented lower constitutive volatiles, reduced morphological and chemical defenses, and increased leaf nutritional quality that affect its resistance against the specialist herbivore Tuta absoluta compared to its wild relatives. Plant domestication process has selected desirable agronomic attributes that can both intentionally and unintentionally compromise other important traits, such as plant defense and nutritional value. However, the effect of domestication on defensive and nutritional traits of plant organs not exposed to selection and the consequent interactions with specialist herbivores are only partly known. Here, we hypothesized that the modern cultivated tomato has reduced levels of constitutive defense and increased levels of nutritional value compared with its wild relatives, and such differences affect the preference and performance of the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta-an insect pest that co-evolved with tomato. To test this hypothesis, we compared plant volatile emissions, leaf defensive (glandular and non-glandular trichome density, and total phenolic content), and nutritional traits (nitrogen content) among the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum and its wild relatives S. pennellii and S. habrochaites. We also determined the attraction and ovipositional preference of female moths and larval performance on cultivated and wild tomatoes. Volatile emissions were qualitatively and quantitatively different among the cultivated and wild species. Glandular trichomes density and total phenolics were lower in S. lycopersicum. In contrast, this species had a greater non-glandular trichome density and leaf nitrogen content. Female moths were more attracted and consistently laid more eggs on the cultivated S. lycopersicum. Larvae fed on S. lycopersicum leaves had a better performance reaching shorter larval developmental times and increasing the pupal weight compared to those fed on wild tomatoes. Overall, our study documents that agronomic selection for increased yields has altered the defensive and nutritional traits in tomato plants, affecting their resistance to T. absoluta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Salazar-Mendoza
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Diego M Magalhães
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - André L Lourenção
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Maurício S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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Coates BS, Walden KKO, Lata D, Vellichirammal NN, Mitchell RF, Andersson MN, McKay R, Lorenzen MD, Grubbs N, Wang YH, Han J, Xuan JL, Willadsen P, Wang H, French BW, Bansal R, Sedky S, Souza D, Bunn D, Meinke LJ, Miller NJ, Siegfried BD, Sappington TW, Robertson HM. A draft Diabrotica virgifera virgifera genome: insights into control and host plant adaption by a major maize pest insect. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:19. [PMID: 36639634 PMCID: PMC9840275 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptations by arthropod pests to host plant defenses of crops determine their impacts on agricultural production. The larval host range of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is restricted to maize and a few grasses. Resistance of D. v. virgifera to crop rotation practices and multiple insecticides contributes to its status as the most damaging pest of cultivated maize in North America and Europe. The extent to which adaptations by this pest contributes to host plant specialization remains unknown. RESULTS A 2.42 Gb draft D. v. virgifera genome, Dvir_v2.0, was assembled from short shotgun reads and scaffolded using long-insert mate-pair, transcriptome and linked read data. K-mer analysis predicted a repeat content of ≥ 61.5%. Ortholog assignments for Dvir_2.0 RefSeq models predict a greater number of species-specific gene duplications, including expansions in ATP binding cassette transporter and chemosensory gene families, than in other Coleoptera. A majority of annotated D. v. virgifera cytochrome P450s belong to CYP4, 6, and 9 clades. A total of 5,404 transcripts were differentially-expressed between D. v. virgifera larvae fed maize roots compared to alternative host (Miscanthus), a marginal host (Panicum virgatum), a poor host (Sorghum bicolor) and starvation treatments; Among differentially-expressed transcripts, 1,908 were shared across treatments and the least number were between Miscanthus compared to maize. Differentially-expressed transcripts were enriched for putative spliceosome, proteosome, and intracellular transport functions. General stress pathway functions were unique and enriched among up-regulated transcripts in marginal host, poor host, and starvation responses compared to responses on primary (maize) and alternate hosts. CONCLUSIONS Manual annotation of D. v. virgifera Dvir_2.0 RefSeq models predicted expansion of paralogs with gene families putatively involved in insecticide resistance and chemosensory perception. Our study also suggests that adaptations of D. v. virgifera larvae to feeding on an alternate host plant invoke fewer transcriptional changes compared to marginal or poor hosts. The shared up-regulation of stress response pathways between marginal host and poor host, and starvation treatments may reflect nutrient deprivation. This study provides insight into transcriptomic responses of larval feeding on different host plants and resources for genomic research on this economically significant pest of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S. Coates
- grid.508983.fCorn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2310 Pammel Dr, 532 Science II, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Kimberly K. O. Walden
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Dimpal Lata
- grid.62813.3e0000 0004 1936 7806Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Robert F. Mitchell
- grid.267474.40000 0001 0674 4543University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI USA
| | - Martin N. Andersson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rachel McKay
- grid.267474.40000 0001 0674 4543University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI USA
| | - Marcé D. Lorenzen
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Nathaniel Grubbs
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jinlong Han
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jing Li Xuan
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Peter Willadsen
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Huichun Wang
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - B. Wade French
- grid.508981.dIntegrated Crop Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Raman Bansal
- grid.512850.bUSDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA USA
| | - Sammy Sedky
- grid.512850.bUSDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA USA
| | - Dariane Souza
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Entomology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Dakota Bunn
- grid.62813.3e0000 0004 1936 7806Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lance J. Meinke
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Nicholas J. Miller
- grid.62813.3e0000 0004 1936 7806Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Blair D. Siegfried
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Entomology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Thomas W. Sappington
- grid.508983.fCorn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2310 Pammel Dr, 532 Science II, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Hugh M. Robertson
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL USA
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Bernal JS, Helms AM, Fontes-Puebla AA, DeWitt TJ, Kolomiets MV, Grunseich JM. Root volatile profiles and herbivore preference are mediated by maize domestication, geographic spread, and modern breeding. PLANTA 2022; 257:24. [PMID: 36562877 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Domestication affected the abundances and diversity of maize root volatiles more than northward spread and modern breeding, and herbivore preference for roots was correlated with volatile diversity and herbivore resistance. Studies show that herbivore defenses in crops are mediated by domestication, spread, and breeding, among other human-driven processes. They also show that those processes affected chemical communication between crop plants and herbivores. We hypothesized that (i) preference of the herbivore (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae for embryonic roots of maize (Zea mays mays) would increase and (ii) root volatile diversity would decrease with the crop's domestication, northward spread to present-day USA, and modern breeding. We used Balsas teosinte (Zea mays parviglumis), Mexican and USA landrace maizes, and US inbred maize lines to test these hypotheses. We found that herbivore preference and volatile diversity increased with maize domestication and northward spread but decreased with modern breeding. Additionally, we found that the abundances of single volatiles did not consistently increase or decrease with maize domestication, spread, and breeding; rather, volatiles grouped per their abundances were differentially affected by those processes, and domestication had the greatest effects. Altogether, our results suggested that: the herbivore's preference for maize roots is correlated with volatile diversity and herbivore resistance; changes in abundances of individual volatiles are evident at the level of volatile groups; and maize domestication, but not spread and breeding, affected the abundances of some green leaf volatiles and sesquiterpenes/sesquiterpenoids. In part, we discussed our results in the context of herbivore defense evolution when resources for plant growth and defense vary across environments. We suggested that variability in relative abundance of volatiles may be associated with their local, functional relevance across wild and agricultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio S Bernal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Anjel M Helms
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
| | - Ana A Fontes-Puebla
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Texas A&M University, 83220, Hermosillo, Son, Mexico
| | - Thomas J DeWitt
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Michael V Kolomiets
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiolgy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2132, USA
| | - John M Grunseich
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA
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Lima AF, Bernal J, Venâncio MGS, de Souza BHS, Carvalho GA. Comparative Tolerance Levels of Maize Landraces and a Hybrid to Natural Infestation of Fall Armyworm. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070651. [PMID: 35886827 PMCID: PMC9316814 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Exploiting the tolerance of plants against herbivorous insects is a viable pest management alternative, especially where conventional controls are ineffective. For example, due to the inefficacy of currently adopted practices, new strategies and methods are needed for Spodoptera frugiperda management in maize. This study evaluated the tolerance levels of maize landraces and a conventional hybrid under natural infestation of S. frugiperda. We found promising sources of tolerance among the landraces, evident as tolerance indices that varied across the landraces and hybrid we evaluated. Abstract Insect pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda cause significant losses to maize (Zea mays mays). Control of S. frugiperda is difficult, but the use of insect resistant cultivars, including tolerant cultivars, is a promising alternative, and landraces are a potential source of insect resistance. This study investigated tolerance to S. frugiperda in five Brazilian landraces, Amarelão, Aztequinha, Branco Antigo, Palha Roxa, and São Pedro, in relation to one conventional (non-Bt) hybrid, BM207, under field conditions. We assessed tolerance as the ratio of insecticide-free to insecticide-protected plants for plant height, stem diameter, and leaf chlorophyll content at two plant stages. Tolerance ratios varied across the maize genotypes, but inconsistently across plant variables, and cluster analysis revealed three groups based on tolerance ratios. A first group contained genotypes similarly tolerant to S. frugiperda, BM207, Palha Roxa, São Pedro, and Aztequinha, while the second and third groups each contained single genotypes, Amarelão, and Branco Antigo, which were considered not tolerant. Overall, the landraces Palha Roxa, São Pedro, and Aztequinha compared favorably to BM207 in terms of tolerance, and therefore may be valuable for management of this pest, and as germplasm sources to improve tolerance in other cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreísa Fabri Lima
- Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (A.F.L.); (M.G.S.V.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Julio Bernal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (B.H.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria Gabriela Silva Venâncio
- Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (A.F.L.); (M.G.S.V.); (G.A.C.)
| | - Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza
- Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (A.F.L.); (M.G.S.V.); (G.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (B.H.S.d.S.)
| | - Geraldo Andrade Carvalho
- Department of Entomology, Lavras Federal University (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (A.F.L.); (M.G.S.V.); (G.A.C.)
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Improving Natural Enemy Selection in Biological Control through Greater Attention to Chemical Ecology and Host-Associated Differentiation of Target Arthropod Pests. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020160. [PMID: 35206733 PMCID: PMC8877252 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Host-associated differentiation (HAD) refers to cases in which genetically distinct populations of a species (e.g., herbivores or natural enemies) preferentially reproduce or feed on different host species. In agroecosystems, HAD often results in unique strains or biotypes of pest species, each attacking different species of crops. However, HAD is not restricted to pest populations, and may cascade to the third trophic level, affecting host selection by natural enemies, and ultimately leading to HAD within natural enemy species. Natural enemy HAD may affect the outcomes of biological control efforts, whether classical, conservation, or augmentative. Here, we explore the potential effects of pest and natural enemy HAD on biological control in agroecosystems, with emphases on current knowledge gaps and implications of HAD for selection of biological control agents. Additionally, given the importance of semiochemicals in mediating interactions between trophic levels, we emphasize the role of chemical ecology in interactions between pests and natural enemies, and suggest areas of consideration for biological control. Overall, we aim to jump-start a conversation concerning the relevance of HAD in biological control by reviewing currently available information on natural enemy HAD, identifying challenges to incorporating HAD considerations into biological control efforts, and proposing future research directions on natural enemy selection and HAD.
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8
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Ecology and Evolutionary History of Diabrotica Beetles—Overview and Update. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020156. [PMID: 35206729 PMCID: PMC8877772 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
An overview is given on several aspects of evolutionary history, ecology, host plant use, and pharmacophagy of Diabrotica spp. with a focus on the evolution of host plant breadth and effects of plant compounds on natural enemies used for biocontrol of pest species in the group. Recent studies on each aspect are discussed, latest publications on taxonomic grouping of Diabrotica spp., and new findings on variations in the susceptibility of corn varieties to root feeding beetle larvae are presented. The further need for in-depth research on biology and ecology of the large number of non-pest species in the genus is pointed out.
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Fontes-Puebla AA, Borrego EJ, Kolomiets MV, Bernal JS. Maize biochemistry in response to root herbivory was mediated by domestication, spread, and breeding. PLANTA 2021; 254:70. [PMID: 34499214 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With domestication, northward spread, and breeding, maize defence against root-herbivores relied on induced defences, decreasing levels of phytohormones involved in resistance, and increasing levels of a phytohormone involved in tolerance. We addressed whether a suite of maize (Zea mays mays) phytohormones and metabolites involved in herbivore defence were mediated by three successive processes: domestication, spread to North America, and modern breeding. With those processes, and following theoretical predictions, we expected to find: a change in defence strategy from reliance on induced defences to reliance on constitutive defences; decreasing levels of phytohormones involved in herbivore resistance, and; increasing levels of a phytohormone involved in herbivore tolerance. We tested those predictions by comparing phytohormone levels in seedlings exposed to root herbivory by Diabrotica virgifera virgifera among four plant types encompassing those processes: the maize ancestor Balsas teosinte (Zea mays parviglumis), Mexican maize landraces, USA maize landraces, and USA inbred maize cultivars. With domestication, maize transitioned from reliance on induced defences in teosinte to reliance on constitutive defences in maize, as predicted. One subset of metabolites putatively involved in herbivory defence (13-oxylipins) was suppressed with domestication, as predicted, though another was enhanced (9-oxylipins), and both were variably affected by spread and breeding. A phytohormone (indole-3-acetic acid) involved in tolerance was enhanced with domestication, and with spread and breeding, as predicted. These changes are consistent with documented changes in herbivory resistance and tolerance, and occurred coincidentally with cultivation in increasingly resource-rich environments, i.e., from wild to highly enriched agricultural environments. We concluded that herbivore defence evolution in crops may be mediated by processes spanning thousands of generations, e.g., domestication and spread, as well as by processes spanning tens of generations, e.g., breeding and agricultural intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Fontes-Puebla
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Campo Experimental Costa de Hermosillo, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Julio S Bernal
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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10
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Paddock KJ, Robert CAM, Erb M, Hibbard BE. Western Corn Rootworm, Plant and Microbe Interactions: A Review and Prospects for New Management Tools. INSECTS 2021; 12:171. [PMID: 33671118 PMCID: PMC7922318 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is resistant to four separate classes of traditional insecticides, all Bacillius thuringiensis (Bt) toxins currently registered for commercial use, crop rotation, innate plant resistance factors, and even double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting essential genes via environmental RNA interference (RNAi), which has not been sold commercially to date. Clearly, additional tools are needed as management options. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge about biotic factors influencing herbivore success, including host location and recognition, plant defensive traits, plant-microbe interactions, and herbivore-pathogens/predator interactions. We then translate this knowledge into potential new management tools and improved biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Paddock
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Christelle A. M. Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; (C.A.M.R.); (M.E.)
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland; (C.A.M.R.); (M.E.)
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruce E. Hibbard
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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11
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Bažok R, Pejić I, Čačija M, Virić Gašparić H, Lemić D, Drmić Z, Kadoić Balaško M. Weather Conditions and Maturity Group Impacts on the Infestation of First Generation European Corn Borers in Maize Hybrids in Croatia. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101387. [PMID: 33080953 PMCID: PMC7603110 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Overwintering success and weather conditions are the key factors determining the abundance and intensity of the attack of the first generation of European corn borers (ECB). The tolerance of maize to the 1st generation of ECB infestation is often considered to be connected with the maize maturity time. The aims of this research were (I) to examine the reactions of different maize FAO maturity groups in term of the damage caused by ECB larvae, (II) to analyze the influence of four climatic regions of Croatia regarding the damage caused by ECB larvae, and (III) to correlate observed damage between FAO maturity groups and weather conditions. First ECB generation damage has been studied in the two-year field trial with 32 different hybrids divided into four FAO maturity groups (eight per group) located at four locations with different climatic conditions. The results showed a lack of correlation between the FAO maturity group and the percent of damage. The percent of damage was positively correlated with the average air temperature in June (r = 0.59 for 2017 and r = 0.74 in 2018, p = 0.0001) within the range from 20 to 24.5 °C and was negatively correlated with the relative air humidity (r = −0.58 in 2017 and r = −0.77 in 2018, p = 0.0001) within the range of 50% to 80%. Our results provide a better understanding of the different factors that influence ECB damage. The obtained data could be used to predict the damage from the first generation of ECB under the weather conditions of different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bažok
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.B.); (H.V.G.); (D.L.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Ivan Pejić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Čačija
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.B.); (H.V.G.); (D.L.); (M.K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-2393621
| | - Helena Virić Gašparić
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.B.); (H.V.G.); (D.L.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Darija Lemić
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.B.); (H.V.G.); (D.L.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Zrinka Drmić
- Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Plant Protection Center, Vinkovačka Cesta 63c, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Martina Kadoić Balaško
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.B.); (H.V.G.); (D.L.); (M.K.B.)
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