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Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu M, Yan P, Niu F, Ma F, Hu J, He S, Cui J, Yuan X, Yang J, Cao L, Luo X. OsEXPA7 Encoding an Expansin Affects Grain Size and Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:36. [PMID: 38780864 PMCID: PMC11116307 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yield and quality are the two most important traits in crop breeding. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms that affect both yield and quality traits is of great significance for understanding the molecular genetic networks controlling these key crop attributes. Expansins are cell wall loosening proteins that play important roles in regulating rice grain size. RESULTS We investigated the effect of OsEXPA7, encoding an expansin, on rice grain size and quality. OsEXPA7 overexpression resulted in increased plant height, panicle length, grain length, and thousand-grain weight in rice. OsEXPA7 overexpression also affected gel consistency and amylose content in rice grains, thus affecting rice quality. Subcellular localization and tissue expression analyses showed that OsEXPA7 is localized on the cell wall and is highly expressed in the panicle. Hormone treatment experiments revealed that OsEXPA7 expression mainly responds to methyl jasmonate, brassinolide, and gibberellin. Transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR experiments showed that overexpression of OsEXPA7 affects the expression of OsJAZs in the jasmonic acid pathway and BZR1 and GE in the brassinosteroid pathway. In addition, OsEXPA7 regulates the expression of key quantitative trait loci related to yield traits, as well as regulates the expression levels of BIP1 and bZIP50 involved in the seed storage protein biosynthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that OsEXPA7 positively regulates rice yield traits and negatively regulates grain quality traits by involving plant hormone pathways and other trait-related pathway genes. These findings increase our understanding of the potential mechanism of expansins in regulating rice yield and quality traits and will be useful for breeding high-yielding and high-quality rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicong He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
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De Caroli M, Rampino P, Pecatelli G, Girelli CR, Fanizzi FP, Piro G, Lenucci MS. Expression of Exogenous GFP-CesA6 in Tobacco Enhances Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Biomass Production. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081139. [PMID: 36009766 PMCID: PMC9405164 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane by an enzymatic complex constituted by different cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins. The overexpression of CesA genes has been assessed for increasing cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass. In this study, we analyzed transgenic tobacco plants (F31 line), stably expressing the Arabidopsis CesA6 fused to GFP, for possible variations in the cellulose biosynthesis. We found that F31 plants were bigger than the wild-type (wt), showing significant increases of stem height, root length, and leaf area. They bloomed about 3 weeks earlier and yielded more flowers and seeds than wt. In the F31 leaves, the expression of the exogenous GFP-CesA6 prompted the overexpression of all CesAs involved in the synthesis of primary cell wall cellulose and of other proteins responsible for plant cell wall building and remodeling. Instead, secondary cell wall CesAs were not affected. In the F31 stem, showing a 3.3-fold increase of the secondary xylem thickness, both primary and secondary CesAs expression was differentially modulated. Significantly, the amounts of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides increased in the transformed seedlings. The results evidence the potentiality to overexpress primary CesAs in tobacco for biomass production increase. Abstract Improved cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass represent important economic targets for several biotechnological applications including bioenergy and biofuel production. The attempts to increase the biosynthesis of cellulose by overexpressing CesAs proteins, components of the cellulose synthase complex, has not always produced consistent results. Analyses of morphological and molecular data and of the chemical composition of cell walls showed that tobacco plants (F31 line), stably expressing the Arabidopsis CesA6 fused to GFP, exhibits a “giant” phenotype with no apparent other morphological aberrations. In the F31 line, all evaluated growth parameters, such as stem and root length, leaf size, and lignified secondary xylem, were significantly higher than in wt. Furthermore, F31 line exhibited increased flower and seed number, and an advance of about 20 days in the anthesis. In the leaves of F31 seedlings, the expression of primary CesAs (NtCesA1, NtCesA3, and NtCesA6) was enhanced, as well as of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of non-cellulosic polysaccharides (xyloglucans and galacturonans, NtXyl4, NtGal10), cell wall remodeling (NtExp11 and XTHs), and cell expansion (NtPIP1.1 and NtPIP2.7). While in leaves the expression level of all secondary cell wall CesAs (NtCesA4, NtCesA7, and NtCesA8) did not change significantly, both primary and secondary CesAs were differentially expressed in the stem. The amount of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides significantly increased in the F31 seedlings with no differences in pectin and hemicellulose glycosyl composition. Our results highlight the potentiality to overexpress primary CesAs in tobacco plants to enhance cellulose synthesis and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-0832-298613 (M.D.C.); +39-0832-298611 (G.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Piro
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-0832-298613 (M.D.C.); +39-0832-298611 (G.P.)
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Pan T, Wang Y, Jing R, Wang Y, Wei Z, Zhang B, Lei C, Qi Y, Wang F, Bao X, Yan M, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Yu M, Wan G, Chen Y, Yang W, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Zhu S, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Jiang L, Ren Y, Wan J. Post-Golgi trafficking of rice storage proteins requires the small GTPase Rab7 activation complex MON1-CCZ1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2174-2191. [PMID: 33871646 PMCID: PMC8644195 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) are unique organelles that accumulate storage proteins in plant seeds. Although morphological evidence points to the existence of multiple PSV-trafficking pathways for storage protein targeting, the molecular mechanisms that regulate these processes remain mostly unknown. Here, we report the functional characterization of the rice (Oryza sativa) glutelin precursor accumulation7 (gpa7) mutant, which over-accumulates 57-kDa glutelin precursors in dry seeds. Cytological and immunocytochemistry studies revealed that the gpa7 mutant exhibits abnormal accumulation of storage prevacuolar compartment-like structures, accompanied by the partial mistargeting of glutelins to the extracellular space. The gpa7 mutant was altered in the CCZ1 locus, which encodes the rice homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CALCIUM CAFFEINE ZINC SENSITIVITY1a (CCZ1a) and CCZ1b. Biochemical evidence showed that rice CCZ1 interacts with MONENSIN SENSITIVITY1 (MON1) and that these proteins function together as the Rat brain 5 (Rab5) effector and the Rab7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Notably, loss of CCZ1 function promoted the endosomal localization of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 9 (VPS9), which is the GEF for Rab5 in plants. Together, our results indicate that the MON1-CCZ1 complex is involved in post-Golgi trafficking of rice storage protein through a Rab5- and Rab7-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanzhou Qi
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiuhao Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengyuan Yan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingzhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gexing Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenkun Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Author for communication: ,
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Pereira C, Di Sansebastiano GP. Mechanisms of membrane traffic in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:102-111. [PMID: 34775176 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of the secretory pathway are characterized by specific organization and function but they communicate in different ways with intense functional crosstalk. The best known membrane-bound transport carriers are known as protein-coated vesicles. Other traffic mechanisms, despite the intense investigations, still show incongruences. The review intends to provide a general view of the mechanisms involved in membrane traffic. We evidence that organelles' biogenesis involves mechanisms that actively operate during the entire cell cycle and the persistent interconnections between the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes, the vacuolar complex and the plasma membrane (PM) may be seen as a very dynamic membrane network in which vesicular traffic is part of a general maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Pereira
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, S/nº, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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5
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De Caroli M, Manno E, Piro G, Lenucci MS. Ride to cell wall: Arabidopsis XTH11, XTH29 and XTH33 exhibit different secretion pathways and responses to heat and drought stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:448-466. [PMID: 33932060 PMCID: PMC8453972 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are enzymes involved in cell wall assembly and growth regulation, cleaving and re-joining hemicellulose chains in the xyloglucan-cellulose network. Here, in a homologous system, we compare the secretion patterns of XTH11, XTH33 and XTH29, three members of the Arabidopsis thaliana XTH family, selected for the presence (XTH11 and XTH33) or absence (XTH29) of a signal peptide, and the presence of a transmembrane domain (XTH33). We show that XTH11 and XTH33 reached, respectively, the cell wall and plasma membrane through a conventional protein secretion (CPS) pathway, whereas XTH29 moves towards the apoplast following an unconventional protein secretion (UPS) mediated by exocyst-positive organelles (EXPOs). All XTHs share a common C-terminal functional domain (XET-C) that, for XTH29 and a restricted number of other XTHs (27, 28 and 30), continues with an extraterminal region (ETR) of 45 amino acids. We suggest that this region is necessary for the correct cell wall targeting of XTH29, as the ETR-truncated protein never reaches its final destination and is not recruited by EXPOs. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses performed on 4-week-old Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to drought and heat stress suggest a different involvement of the three XTHs in cell wall remodeling under abiotic stress, evidencing stress-, organ- and time-dependent variations in the expression levels. Significantly, XTH29, codifying the only XTH that follows a UPS pathway, is highly upregulated with respect to XTH11 and XTH33, which code for CPS-secreted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e AmbientaliUniversità del SalentoLecce73100Italy
| | - Elisa Manno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e AmbientaliUniversità del SalentoLecce73100Italy
| | - Gabriella Piro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e AmbientaliUniversità del SalentoLecce73100Italy
| | - Marcello S. Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e AmbientaliUniversità del SalentoLecce73100Italy
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De Caroli M, Barozzi F, Renna L, Piro G, Di Sansebastiano GP. Actin and Microtubules Differently Contribute to Vacuolar Targeting Specificity during the Export from the ER. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040299. [PMID: 33924184 PMCID: PMC8074374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plants rely on both actin and microtubule cytoskeletons to fine-tune sorting and spatial targeting of membranes during cell growth and stress adaptation. Considerable advances have been made in recent years in the comprehension of the relationship between the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) and cytoskeletons, but studies have mainly focused on the transport to and from the plasma membrane. We address here the relationship of the cytoskeleton with different endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export mechanisms toward vacuoles. These emergent features of the plant endomembrane traffic are explored with an in vivo approach, providing clues on the traffic regulation at different levels beyond known proteins’ functions and interactions. We show how traffic of vacuolar markers, characterized by different vacuolar sorting determinants, diverges at the export from the ER, clearly involving different components of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Barozzi
- DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Luciana Renna
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Piro
- DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.B.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-298-714
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Zhang Q, Yan Q, Yuan X, Lin Y, Chen J, Wu R, Xue C, Zhu Y, Chen X. Two polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (VrPGIP) of Vigna radiata confer resistance to bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153376. [PMID: 33571892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bruchids (Callosobruchus spp.) are destructive storage pests of mung beans (Vigna radiata). Bruchids infest mature seeds during storage and in the field causing heavy losses. Bruchid resistance in mung bean has been characterized as a dominant trait controlled by a single gene. Several independent mapping studies showed that the Br locus on chromosome 5 was a key quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in bruchid resistance. Two polygalacturonase-inhibitor protein (PGIP) family genes, VrPGIP1 and VrPGIP2, located in the Br locus may be the primary genes responsible for bruchid resistance in mung bean but no experimental proof is available. We isolated the VrPGIP1 and VrPGIP2 genes from bruchid resistant mung bean cultivar V2802 and purified the proteins by prokaryotic expression. Both VrPGIP1 and VrPGIP2 had polygalacturonase inhibitor activity and both of the PGIP proteins conferred resistance to bruchids in an artificial seed test system. VrPGIPs can inhibit the enzyme activity of polygalacturonase present in males, females and fourth instar larvae of C. maculatus. These results demonstrated that VrPGIP1 and VrPGIP2 play a critical role in bruchid resistance probably through inhibiting polygalacturonase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Jingbin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Chenchen Xue
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Yuelin Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, No. 50 Zhongling street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210014, China.
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8
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Molesini B, Dusi V, Pennisi F, Di Sansebastiano GP, Zanzoni S, Manara A, Furini A, Martini F, Rotino GL, Pandolfini T. TCMP-2 affects tomato flowering and interacts with BBX16, a homolog of the arabidopsis B-box MiP1b. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00283. [PMID: 33204936 PMCID: PMC7648202 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Flowering and fruiting are processes subject to complex control by environmental and endogenous signals. Endogenous signals comprise, besides classical phytohormones, also signaling peptides and miniproteins. Tomato cystine-knot miniproteins (TCMPs), which belong to a Solanaceous-specific group of Cys-rich protein family, have been recently involved in fruit development. TCMP-1 and TCMP-2 display a highly modulated expression pattern during flower and fruit development. A previous study reported that a change in the ratio of the two TCMPs affects the timing of fruit production. In this work, to investigate TCMP-2 mode of action, we searched for its interacting partners. One of the interactors identified by a yeast two hybrid screen, was the B-box domain-containing protein 16 (SlBBX16), whose closest homolog is the Arabidopsis microProtein 1b implicated in flowering time control. We demonstrated the possibility for the two proteins to interact in vivo in tobacco epidermal cells. Arabidopsis plants ectopically overexpressing the TCMP-2 exhibited an increased level of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) mRNA and anticipated flowering. Similarly, in previously generated transgenic tomato plants with increased TCMP-2 expression in flower buds, we observed an augmented expression of SINGLE-FLOWER TRUSS gene, the tomato ortholog of FT, whereas the expression of the antiflorigen SELF-PRUNING was unchanged. Consistently, these transgenic plants showed alterations in the flowering pattern, with an accelerated termination of the sympodial units. Overall, our study reveals a novel function for TCMP-2 as regulatory factor that might integrate, thanks to its capacity to interact with SlBBX16, into the signaling pathways that control flowering, and converge toward florigen regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Dusi
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | | | | | - Serena Zanzoni
- Centro Piattaforme TecnologicheUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Anna Manara
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | | | - Flavio Martini
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
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MARTINIÈRE A, MOREAU P. Complex roles of Rabs and SNAREs in the secretory pathway and plant development: a never‐ending story. J Microsc 2020; 280:140-157. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. MARTINIÈRE
- Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro BPMP Montpellier France
| | - P. MOREAU
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory CNRS and University of Bordeaux, INRAE Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon France
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Endosidin 2 accelerates PIN2 endocytosis and disturbs intracellular trafficking of PIN2, PIN3, and PIN4 but not of SYT1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237448. [PMID: 32790800 PMCID: PMC7425933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We established that Endosidin2 (ES2) affected the trafficking routes of both newly synthesized and endocytic pools of PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) in Arabidopsis root epidermal cells. PIN2 populations accumulated in separated patches, which gradually merged into large and compact ES2 aggregates (ES2As). FM4-64 endocytic tracer labeled ES2As as well. Both PIN2 pools also appeared in vacuoles. Accelerated endocytosis of PIN2, its aggregation in the cytoplasm, and redirection of PIN2 flows to vacuoles led to a substantial reduction of the abundance of this protein in the plasma membrane. Whereas PIN-FORMED3 and PIN-FORMED4 also aggregated in the cytoplasm, SYT1 was not sensitive to ES2 treatment and did not appear either in the cytoplasmic aggregates or vacuoles. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that ES2 affects the Golgi apparatus so that stacks acquired cup-shape and even circular shape surrounded by several vesicles. Abnormally shaped Golgi stacks, stack remnants, multi-lamellar structures, separated Golgi cisterna rings, tubular structures, and vesicles formed discrete clusters.
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