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Li Y, Liu F, Zhou Y, Liu X, Wang Q. Large-scale geographic patterns and environmental and anthropogenic drivers of wetland plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38831426 PMCID: PMC11145778 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The geographic patterns of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) have been widely studied, but few studies have focused on wetland plants. This study quantified the geographic patterns of wetland plant diversity in the QTP through a comprehensive analysis of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional indices. METHODS Based on a large number of floras, monographs, specimens and field survey data, we constructed a comprehensive dataset of 1,958 wetland plant species in the QTP. Species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD), functional diversity (FD), net relatedness index (NRI) and net functional relatedness index (NFRI) were used to assess the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of wetland plants. We explored the relationships between the diversity indices and four categories of environmental variables (i.e. energy-water, climate seasonality, topography and human activities). We used four diversity indices, namely endemic species richness, weighted endemism, phylogenetic endemism and functional endemism, together with the categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism (CANAPE), to identify the endemic centers of wetland plants in the QTP. RESULTS SR, PD and FD were highly consistent and showed a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest, decreasing with increasing elevation. The phylogenetic structure of wetland plant assemblages in most parts of the plateau is mainly clustered. The functional structure of wetland plant assemblages in the southeast of the plateau is overdispersed, while the functional structure of wetland plant assemblages in other areas is clustered. Energy-water and climate seasonality were the two most important categories of variables affecting wetland plant diversity. Environmental variables had a greater effect on the functional structure of wetland plants than on the phylogenetic structure. This study identified seven endemic centres, mainly in the Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains. CONCLUSIONS Climate and topography are the main factors determining the geographic distribution of wetland plant diversity at large scales. The majority of grid cells in the QTP with significant phylogenetic endemism were mixed and super-endemism. At large scales, compared to climate and topography, human activities may not have a negative impact on wetland plant diversity in the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Li
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
- Laboratory of Extreme Environment Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yadong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xing Liu
- Laboratory of Extreme Environment Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environment Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Tayier G, Hasimu D, Aishan T, Yimingniyazi A. Impact of a heterogeneous environment on the population expansion of the harmful plant Iris ruthenica Ker-Gawl. in the high mountain grasslands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1363496. [PMID: 38766474 PMCID: PMC11099274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1363496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Iris ruthenica Ker-Gawl. (Russian iris) is a perennial, clonal, herbaceous plant that is spread across the degraded mountain grasslands in northern Xinjiang. In this study, to explore the breeding system and the impact of slope orientation on the flowering phenology, pollination characteristics, and other aspects of I. ruthenica, we used a combination of field observations and controlled experiments to compare the population density, flowering phenology, floral characteristics, breeding system, and pollinator type and behavior of plants on different slope orientations. Vegetation coverage on the north (N), southwest (SW), and southeast (SE) slopes was 90%, 67%, and 53%, respectively. Differences in plant height and diameter were observed between the SE slope and the N and SW slopes, whereas the N and SW slopes were similar in these respects. The SE slope exhibited the earliest initial flowering time, followed by the SW and N slopes. The diameter of the corolla, distance between the stigma and anther, length of the anther and ovary, number of pollen grains, and number of ovules on the N slope were smaller than those on the SE and SW slopes, whereas those of the SE and SW slopes were similar. Artificial pollination experiments showed that neither bagging nor unbagging resulted in seed formation after emasculation for all slope orientations. The pollinating insects of I. ruthenica included Bombus sp., Amegilla leptocoma, Andrena sp., and Halictus sp.; the types and numbers of pollinating insects differed among slopes. In summary, on SE and SW slopes with high temperatures and sufficient sunlight, this species attracted pollinators and provided them with more opportunities to visit and pollinate by flowering early, with large numbers of blooms, and a longer flowering period and lifespan, ensuring successful reproduction. Under unfavorable conditions, such as insufficient pollinators and limited activity caused by the more stressful environmental conditions of the N slope (including low temperature and insufficient light), this species ensures a certain seed yield by increasing its self-compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulinige Tayier
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dilixiati Hasimu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Amanula Yimingniyazi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Shahzad K, Zhu M, Cao L, Hao Y, Zhou Y, Liu W, Dai J. Phylogenetic conservation in plant phenological traits varies between temperate and subtropical climates in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1367152. [PMID: 38660448 PMCID: PMC11039852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1367152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Phenological traits, such as leaf and flowering dates, are proven to be phylogenetically conserved. The relationship between phylogenetic conservation, plant phenology, and climatic factors remains unknown. Here, we assessed phenological features among flowering plants as evidence for phylogenetic conservatism, the tendency for closely related species to share similar ecological and biological attributes. We use spring phenological traits data from 1968-2018 of 65 trees and 49 shrubs in Xi'an (temperate climate) and Guiyang (subtropical climate) to understand plant phenological traits' relationship with phylogeny. Molecular datasets are employed in evolutionary models to test the phylogenetic conservatism in spring phenological characteristics in response to climate-sensitive phenological features. Significant phylogenetic conservation was found in the Xi'an plant's phenological traits, while there was a non-significant conservation in the Guiyang plant species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) models correlate with phenological features significantly in Xi'an while non-significantly in Guiyang. Based on the findings of molecular dating, it was suggested that the Guiyang species split off from their relatives around 46.0 mya during the middle Eocene of the Tertiary Cenozoic Era, while Xi'an species showed a long evolutionary history and diverged from their relatives around 95 mya during the late Cretaceous Mesozoic Era. First leaf dates (FLD) indicative of spring phenology, show that Xi'an adjourned the case later than Guiyang. Unlike FLD, first flower dates (FFD) yield different results as Guiyang flowers appear later than Xi'an's. Our research revealed that various factors, including phylogeny, growth form, and functional features, influenced the diversity of flowering phenology within species in conjunction with local climate circumstances. These results are conducive to understanding evolutionary conservation mechanisms in plant phenology concerning evolutionary processes in different geographical and climate zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Shahzad
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Junhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen K, Wang B, Chen C, Zhou G. The relationship between niche breadth and phylogenetic characteristics of eight species of rhubarb on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Asia. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11040. [PMID: 38435020 PMCID: PMC10904883 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between spatial distribution and phylogeny has been widely debated in recent decades. To understand biogeographic and evolutionary history relationships and to explore the interspecific similarities and phylogenetic correlations of niche characteristics, we collected and recorded all distribution points for eight species of rhubarb on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, used different methods to describe the ecological niche, and explored the relationship between phylogeny, ecological niche, and distribution range. The results reveal that: (1) the ranges of optimal environmental variables for species with close kinship are not exactly the same, ecologically similar species are not necessarily sister species, and the overlap of rhubarb has no significant correlation with phylogeny. Therefore, the impact of ecological dimensions on species formation is greater than that of geographical latitude for the eight species of rhubarb. (2) Among the eight species of rhubarb, the breadth of ecological niche is positively correlated with the current suitable habitat area and negatively correlated with fluctuations in future suitable habitat area. In the future, except for Rheum tanguticum and Rheum palmatum, the suitable planting areas for the other six species of rhubarb will decrease as greenhouse gas emissions concentrations and time increase. Therefore, species with smaller ecological niches are at a greater risk of habitat loss compared to species with larger ecological niches. (3) In both existing and future distribution prediction models of rhubarb, we observed that both the widely distributed Rheum spiciforme and the niche narrow Rheum nobile, all eight species of rhubarb are present in the Hengduan Mountains, based on our analysis, we propose that the Hengduan Mountains should be regarded as a priority conservation area for rhubarb, to preserve the species' biodiversity. Our study lays the groundwork for identifying evolutionary trends in ecological specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of ScienceXiningChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of ScienceXiningChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chen Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of ScienceXiningChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of ScienceXiningChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Hassan T, Gulzar R, Hamid M, Ahmad R, Waza SA, Khuroo AA. Plant phenology shifts under climate warming: a systematic review of recent scientific literature. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:36. [PMID: 38093150 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming-driven temporal shifts in phenology are widely recognised as the foremost footprint of global environmental change. In this regard, concerted research efforts are being made worldwide to monitor and assess the plant phenological responses to climate warming across species, ecosystems and seasons. Here, we present a global synthesis of the recent scientific literature to assess the progress made in this area of research. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic review by following PRISMA protocol, which involved rigorous screening of 9476 studies on the topic and finally selected 215 studies for data extraction. The results revealed that woody species, natural ecosystems and plant phenological responses in spring season have been predominantly studied, with the herbaceous species, agricultural ecosystems and other seasons grossly understudied. Majority of the studies reported phenological advancement (i.e., preponement) in spring, followed by also advancement in summer but delay in autumn. Methodology-wise, nearly two -third of the studies have employed direct observational approach, followed by herbarium-based and experimental approaches, with the latter covering least temporal depth. We found a steady increase in research on the topic over the last decade with a sharp increase since 2014. The global country-wide scientific output map highlights the huge geographical gaps in this area of research, particularly in the biodiversity-rich tropical regions of the developing world. Based on the findings of this global synthesis, we identify the current knowledge gaps and suggest future directions for this emerging area of research in an increasingly warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabasum Hassan
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Ruquia Gulzar
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Maroof Hamid
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rameez Ahmad
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Showkat A Waza
- Mountain Crop Research Station (Sagam), SKUAST Kashmir, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Anzar Ahmad Khuroo
- Centre for Biodiversity & Taxonomy, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Zang J, Jin S, Zhang S, Li Q, Mu Y, Li Z, Li S, Wang X, Su Y, Jiang D. Field-measured canopy height may not be as accurate and heritable as believed: evidence from advanced 3D sensing. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:39. [PMID: 37009892 PMCID: PMC10069135 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Canopy height (CH) is an important trait for crop breeding and production. The rapid development of 3D sensing technologies shed new light on high-throughput height measurement. However, a systematic comparison of the accuracy and heritability of different 3D sensing technologies is seriously lacking. Moreover, it is questionable whether the field-measured height is as reliable as believed. This study uncovered these issues by comparing traditional height measurement with four advanced 3D sensing technologies, including terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), backpack laser scanning (BLS), gantry laser scanning (GLS), and digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP). A total of 1920 plots covering 120 varieties were selected for comparison. Cross-comparisons of different data sources were performed to evaluate their performances in CH estimation concerning different CH, leaf area index (LAI), and growth stage (GS) groups. Results showed that 1) All 3D sensing data sources had high correlations with field measurement (r > 0.82), while the correlations between different 3D sensing data sources were even better (r > 0.87). 2) The prediction accuracy between different data sources decreased in subgroups of CH, LAI, and GS. 3) Canopy height showed high heritability from all datasets, and 3D sensing datasets had even higher heritability (H2 = 0.79-0.89) than FM (field measurement) (H2 = 0.77). Finally, outliers of different datasets are analyzed. The results provide novel insights into different methods for canopy height measurement that may ensure the high-quality application of this important trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Zang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shichao Jin
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Songyin Zhang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qing Li
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Mu
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shaochen Li
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanjun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored By Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Li D, Barve N, Brenskelle L, Earl K, Barve V, Belitz MW, Doby J, Hantak MM, Oswald JA, Stucky BJ, Walters M, Guralnick RP. Climate, urbanization, and species traits interactively drive flowering duration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:892-903. [PMID: 33249694 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A wave of green leaves and multi-colored flowers advances from low to high latitudes each spring. However, little is known about how flowering offset (i.e., ending of flowering) and duration of populations of the same species vary along environmental gradients. Understanding these patterns is critical for predicting the effects of future climate and land-use change on plants, pollinators, and herbivores. Here, we investigated potential climatic and landscape drivers of flowering onset, offset, and duration of 52 plant species with varying key traits. We generated phenology estimates using >270,000 community-science photographs and a novel presence-only phenometric estimation method. We found longer flowering durations in warmer areas, which is more obvious for summer-blooming species compared to spring-bloomers driven by their strongly differing offset dynamics. We also found that higher human population density and higher annual precipitation are associated with delayed flowering offset and extended flowering duration. Finally, offset of woody perennials was more sensitive than herbaceous species to both climate and urbanization drivers. Empirical forecast models suggested that flowering durations will be longer in 2030 and 2050 under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5, especially for summer-blooming species. Our study provides critical insight into drivers of key flowering phenophases and confirms that Hopkins' Bioclimatic Law also applies to flowering durations for summer-blooming species and herbaceous spring-blooming species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiang Li
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Narayani Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura Brenskelle
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kamala Earl
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vijay Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael W Belitz
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Doby
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maggie M Hantak
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica A Oswald
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biology Department, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Brian J Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mitch Walters
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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