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Gopinath I, Hossain F, Zunjare RU, Thambiyannan S, Kumar S, Bhatt V, Chand G, Veluchamy SSK, Kumar B, Sekhar JC, Singh G, Rajasekaran R, Muthusamy V. Genetic analysis of popping quality traits and development of superior quality popcorn hybrids for a sustainable popcorn breeding program in India. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39032041 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Popcorn is the most popular specialty maize and it makes a significant contribution to the Indian and global economies. Despite perfect exploration of heterosis in field corn, progress in popcorn breeding remains constrained due to its narrow genetic base, leading to a significant dependence on imports. In this study, 15 landrace- and population-derived inbreds from temperate and tropical germplasm were crossed with five testers, which are the parents of superior popcorn hybrids, in a line × tester mating design. RESULTS Significant variation was observed in popping quality and agronomic traits among crosses evaluated across three locations representing diverse maize-based agro-climatic zones in India. Additive genetic variance governed the traits related to popping quality, whereas dominance variance was responsible for the agronomic traits. In addition to significant heterosis specific to certain traits, we identified promising crosses that exhibited superior performance in both popping quality and grain yield (GY). The genotype + genotype × environment (GGE) biplot methodology identified PMI-PC-104 and PMI-PC-101 as the best discriminating testers for popping quality traits and Dpcl-15-90 for GY. Lines PMI-PC-205, PMI-PC-207, and PMI-PC-209 were the best general combiners for popping quality traits and GY. The heterotic groups identified based on GGE-biplots and the magnitude, direction and stability of combining ability effects would serve in the development of competitive popcorn hybrids for a sustainable popcorn market. CONCLUSION Using the additive nature of popping quality traits and the dominant nature of GY, recurrent intrapopulation selection can be employed to derive desirable popping quality inbreds with high GY for genetic enhancement. Desirable popping quality alleles from novel germplasm can thus be combined with high-yielding domestic elite inbreds to establish a sustainable popcorn breeding program. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikkurti Gopinath
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Firoz Hossain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajkumar U Zunjare
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribagh, India
| | - Vinay Bhatt
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulab Chand
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Javaji C Sekhar
- Winter Nursery Centre, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravikesavan Rajasekaran
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Gu M, Wang S, Di A, Wu D, Hai C, Liu X, Bai C, Su G, Yang L, Li G. Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Smooth Muscle of Myostatin Knockout Cattle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098120. [PMID: 37175828 PMCID: PMC10178895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a growth and differentiation factor, plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle growth and development. MSTN knockout (MSTN-KO) leads to skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regulates metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, MSTN is also detected in smooth muscle. However, the effect of MSTN-KO on smooth muscle has not yet been reported. In this study, combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed to investigate the metabolic and transcriptional profiling in esophageal smooth muscles of MSTN-KO Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle (n = 5, 24 months, average body weight 608.5 ± 17.62 kg) and wild-type (WT) Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle (n = 5, 24 months, average body weight 528.25 ± 11.03 kg). The transcriptome was sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq™ 6000 sequence platform. In total, 337 significantly up- and 129 significantly down-regulated genes were detected in the MSTN-KO cattle compared with the WT Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly enriched in 67 signaling pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, tight junction, and the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified 130 differential metabolites between the groups, with 56 up-regulated and 74 down-regulated in MSTN knockout cattle compared with WT cattle. Differential metabolites were significantly enriched in 31 pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, histidine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and purine metabolism. Transcriptome and metabolome were combined to analyze the significant enrichment pathways, and there were three metabolically related pathways, including histidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. These results provide important references for in-depth research on the effect of MSTN knockout on smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Anqi Di
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Chao Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Guanghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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All Are in a Drought, but Some Stand Out: Multivariate Analysis in the Selection of Agronomic Efficient Popcorn Genotypes. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172275. [PMID: 36079656 PMCID: PMC9460328 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The search for productive germplasm adapted to adverse conditions is an important action to mitigate the harmful effects of climate change. The aim was to identify the yield potential of 50 popcorn inbred lines grown in field conditions, in two crop seasons (CS), and under contrasting water conditions (WC). Morphoagronomic, physiological, and root system traits were evaluated. Joint and individual analyses of variance were performed, in addition to the multivariate GT bip-lot analysis. Expressive reductions between WC were observed in 100-grain weight (100 GW), popping expansion (PE), grain yield (GY), expanded popcorn volume per ha (EPV), row number per ear (RNE), plant height (PH), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and nitrogen balance index (NBI). It was found that the SPAD, 100 GW, GY, PE, and grain number per ear (GNE) traits had the most significant impact on the selection of genotypes. Regardless of WC and CS, the ideal lines were L294 and L688 for PE; L691 and L480 for GY; and L291 and L292 for both traits. SPAD, 100 GW, and GNE can contribute to the indirect selection. Our work contributes to understanding the damage caused by drought and the integration of traits for the indirect selection of drought-tolerant popcorn genotypes.
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Korth N, Parsons L, Van Haute MJ, Yang Q, Hurst P, Schnable JC, Holding DR, Benson AK. The Unique Seed Protein Composition of Quality Protein Popcorn Promotes Growth of Beneficial Bacteria From the Human Gut Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:921456. [PMID: 35910657 PMCID: PMC9330393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.921456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of fiber, complex carbohydrates, lipids, and small molecules from food matrices on the human gut microbiome have been increasingly studied. Much less is known about how dietary protein can influence the composition and function of the gut microbial community. Here, we used near-isogenic maize lines of conventional popcorn and quality-protein popcorn (QPP) to study the effects of the opaque-2 mutation and associated quality-protein modifiers on the human gut microbiome. Opaque-2 blocks the synthesis of major maize seed proteins (α-zeins), resulting in a compensatory synthesis of new seed proteins that are nutritionally beneficial with substantially higher levels of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. We show that QPP lines stimulate greater amounts of butyrate production by human gut microbiomes in in vitro fermentation of popped and digested corn from parental and QPP hybrids. In human gut microbiomes derived from diverse individuals, bacterial taxa belonging to the butyrate-producing family Lachnospiraceae, including the genera Coprococcus and Roseburia were consistently increased when fermenting QPP vs. parental popcorn lines. We conducted molecular complementation to further demonstrate that lysine-enriched seed protein can stimulate growth and butyrate production by microbes through distinct pathways. Our data show that organisms such as Coprococcus can utilize lysine and that other gut microbes, such as Roseburia spp., instead, utilize fructoselysine produced during thermal processing (popping) of popcorn. Thus, the combination of seed composition in QPP and interaction of protein adducts with carbohydrates during thermal processing can stimulate the growth of health-promoting, butyrate-producing organisms in the human gut microbiome through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Korth
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Leandra Parsons
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation–Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Mallory J. Van Haute
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Qinnan Yang
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Preston Hurst
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation–Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - James C. Schnable
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation–Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - David R. Holding
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation–Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Andrew K. Benson
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew K. Benson,
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Kamphorst SH, do Amaral Junior AT, de Lima VJ, Carena MJ, Azeredo VC, Mafra GS, Santos PHAD, Leite JT, Schmitt KFM, dos Santos Junior DR, Bispo RB, Santos TDO, de Oliveira UA, Pereira JL, Lamêgo DL, Carvalho CM, Gomes LP, Silva JGDS, Campostrini E. Driving Sustainable Popcorn Breeding for Drought Tolerance in Brazil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:732285. [PMID: 34621285 PMCID: PMC8491626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought currently affects several regions worldwide and tends to be more frequent due to climate change. It might compromise food security and the economic structure related to agribusiness. Popcorn has a crucial role in the Brazilian economy, but the cultivars that adapt to water stress, the most prejudicial abiotic stress for crop productivity, are unknown to date. This deficit of popcorn varieties adapted to heat and drought stresses will become more limiting with climate change. Given this scenario, knowing the genetic basis of agronomic traits under stress conditions is essential in promoting crop productivity and plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. Under two contrasting water conditions (WC) and different crop seasons (CS), we aimed to generate information about the combining ability of 10 popcorn progenitors and 15 hybrids through a partial diallel-mating design. The water stress was initiated at the male pre-anthesis stage. Significant genotype*crop seasons (G*CS), genotype*water condition (G*WC), and genotype*crop seasons*water condition (G*CS*WC) interactions were present. Regardless of CS and WC, non-additive effects controlled grain yield (GY), grain number per row (GN), ear length and diameter (ED), and 100-grain weight, while additive effects were present for popping expansion (PE). For each CS, regardless of WC, the cause-effect of GN (2018) and ED (2020) on GY seems to be an opportunity for indirect selection. Utilizing genetically broad-based hybrids is also a good opportunity for obtaining superior genotypes for GY and PE as it is possible to select inbred lines for both of these traits. We recommend the L76 × L61 hybrid for the Brazilian agribusiness context due to its greater productivity and dominance deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Valter Jário de Lima
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Valdinei Cruz Azeredo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Sousa Mafra
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz Santos
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Jhean Torres Leite
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire Barboza Bispo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Talles de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Uéliton Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Jacymara Lopes Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Danielle Leal Lamêgo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Carolina Macedo Carvalho
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Letícia Peixoto Gomes
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - José Gabriel de Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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Mehta BK, Chhabra R, Muthusamy V, Zunjare RU, Baveja A, Chauhan HS, Prakash NR, Chalam VC, Singh AK, Hossain F. Expression analysis of β-carotene hydroxylase1 and opaque2 genes governing accumulation of provitamin-A, lysine and tryptophan during kernel development in biofortified sweet corn. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:325. [PMID: 34194909 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional sweet corn possesses low levels of provitamin-A (proA), lysine and tryptophan. Mutant version of β-carotene hydroxylase1 (crtRB1) gene affecting the accumulation of β-carotene (BC), β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) and proA, and opaque2 (o2) gene governing the enhancement of lysine and tryptophan were introgressed together into elite sweet corn inbreds through marker-assisted selection. Here, we analyzed the expression pattern of crtRB1 and o2 genes among introgressed and traditional sweet corn inbreds at 20-, 24- and 28-days after pollination (DAP). The introgressed inbreds possessed two- to sevenfolds higher BC, BCX, proA, lysine and tryptophan compared to their original inbreds. However, all the nutrients attained the peak at 20-DAP (BC: 9.95 µg/g, BCX: 8.21 µg/g, proA: 14.05 µg/g, lysine: 0.301%, tryptophan: 0.074%), which gradually reduced through 24-DAP (BC: 8.24 µg/g, BCX: 7.53 µg/g, proA: 12.01 µg/g, lysine: 0.273%, tryptophan: 0.057%) and 28-DAP (BC: 5.84 µg/g, BCX: 5.82 µg/g, proA: 8.75 µg/g, lysine: 0.202%, tryptophan: 0.037%). Biofortified sweet corn inbreds possessed significantly lower expression levels of crtRB1 (4.1-fold) and o2 (2.2-fold) compared to their wild type alleles in traditional sweet corn inbreds across DAPs. The expression of crtRB1 and o2 increased from 20-DAP to attain the highest peak at 24-DAP, and further decreased by 28-DAP. The transcript levels of crtRB1 were negatively correlated with BC (r = - 0.83), BCX (r = - 0.79) and proA (r = - 0.83) across dates of harvest. Lysine (r = - 0.83) and tryptophan (r = - 0.73) were also inversely associated with o2 transcript levels. This is the first report on expression of crtRB1 and o2 genes during kernel development in biofortified sweet corn. This information holds immense promise in understanding the dynamics of gene-regulation during kernel development in sweet corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar Mehta
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Present Address: ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003 India
| | - Rashmi Chhabra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | | | - Aanchal Baveja
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | | | | | | | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Firoz Hossain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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7
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Parsons L, Rodriguez O, Holding DR. Improved taste and texture in novel popcorn varieties compared to conventional lines. J SENS STUD 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Parsons
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation—Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | | | - David R. Holding
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation—Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA
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Parsons L, Ren Y, Yobi A, Angelovici R, Rodriguez O, Holding DR. Final Selection of Quality Protein Popcorn Hybrids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:658456. [PMID: 33841483 PMCID: PMC8025670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.658456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quality Protein Popcorn (QPP) BC2F5 inbred lines were produced through an interpopulation breeding system between Quality Protein Maize dent (QPM) and elite popcorn germplasm. In 2019, five QPP F1 hybrids were selected for further evaluation due to superior agronomics, endosperm protein quality, and popping quality traits. Though these BC2F5 QPP hybrids were phenotypically similar to their popcorn parents, the QPP cultivars conveyed slightly inferior popping characteristics when compared to the original popcorn germplasm. The objective of this study was twofold. First, BC2F5 inbred lines were crossed to their popcorn parents and BC3F4 inbred lines were produced for hybridization to test the agronomic, protein, and popping trait effects from an additional QPP by popcorn backcross. Second, BC2- and BC3-hybrids were simultaneously evaluated alongside ConAgra Brands® elite cultivars and ranked for potential commercialization in the spring of 2020. These 10 QPP hybrids were grown alongside five ConAgra Brands® elite popcorn cultivars in three locations and agronomic, protein quality, and popping quality traits were evaluated. Significant improvements in popcorn quality traits were observed in the QPP BC3 cultivars compared to their BC2 counterparts, and yield averages were significantly lower in BC3-derived QPP hybrids compared to the BC2 population. Protein quality traits were not significantly different between QPP backcrossing populations and significantly superior to ConAgra elite popcorn varieties. Utilizing a previously published ranking system, six QPP hybrids, three from the BC2F5 population and three from the BC3F4 population, were evaluated as candidates for final selection. The successful evaluation and ranking system methodology employed is transferable to other hybrid production and testing programs. Incorporating this analysis with concurrent sensory studies, two QPP hybrids were chosen as premier cultivars for potential commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Parsons
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation – Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation – Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Abou Yobi
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ruthie Angelovici
- Division of Biological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - David R. Holding
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation – Beadle Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Adesanmi AR, Malomo SA, Fagbemi TN. Nutritional quality of formulated complementary diet from defatted almond seed, yellow maize and quality protein maize flours. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Traditional complementary foods are mainly starchy foods with limiting nutrient quality and can be fortified using protein rich crops like almond seed. This research thus aimed at investigating the nutritional quality of the formulated complementary diet from locally available almond seeds (Prunus amygdalus), high quality protein (QPM) and yellow maize after blending into flours. The proximate and amino acid compositions, in vitro protein qualities and functional properties of the blended flours were determined using standard methods. The in vivo studies involved feeding the weanling Wister albino rats with blended flours and commercial Cerelac (control), followed by hematological and histopathological determinations, while sensory attributes were evaluated by the semi-trained panelists. The protein contents of the flour blends (24–28%) were significantly (p < 0.05) better with adequate indispensable amino acids and improved functionalities than commercial cerelac (23%). Comparatively, the dried germinated QPM (DGQPM) has significant (p < 0.05) higher biological value (~ 37%) than fermented high QPM (FHQPM) (~ 30%), thereby indicating that the germination process improved protein quality of the diets. Besides, the in vivo data showed a positive effect of germination process as the rats fed with DGQPM has low white blood cells (30 × 102) compared to FHQPM (42 × 102) and cerelac (51 × 102). However, the fermentation process improved the packed cell volume of rats fed with FHQPM (49%) when compared to DGQPM and cerelac (47%). The formulated diets have no negative effects on the protein content (45.19–51.88 mg N/g) and weight (0.25–1.36 g) of the internal organs (liver, kidney and tissue) of the animals when compared to cerelac (53.72–55.04 mg N/g; 0.25–1.98 g), respectively. The panelists generally accepted all the formulated diets, hence encouraging their utilization in the global preparation of complimentary foods for young children to meet their nutritional needs and adding value to the locally produced underutilized almond seeds.
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