1
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Guan Z, Wang Y, Yang J. The maize mTERF18 regulates transcriptional termination of the mitochondrial nad6 gene and is essential for kernel development. J Genet Genomics 2025:S1673-8527(25)00003-7. [PMID: 39798667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2025.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2024] [Revised: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles present in eukaryotic cells, containing their own genome and transcriptional machinery. However, their functions are intricately linked to proteins encoded by the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs) are nucleic acid-binding proteins involved in RNA splicing and transcription termination within plant mitochondria and chloroplasts. Despite their recognized importance, the specific roles of mTERF proteins in maize remain largely unexplored. Here, we clone and functionally characterize the maize mTERF18 gene. Our findings reveal that mTERF18 mutations lead to severely undifferentiated embryos, resulting in abortive phenotypes. Early kernel exhibits abnormal basal endosperm transfer layer and a significant reduction in both starch and protein accumulation in mterf18. We identify the mTERF18 gene through mapping-based cloning and validate this gene through allelic tests. mTERF18 is widely expressed across various maize tissues and encodes a highly conserved mitochondrial protein. Transcriptome data reveal that mTERF18 mutations disrupt transcriptional termination of the nad6 gene, leading to undetectable levels of Nad6 protein and reduced complex I assembly and activity. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy observation of mterf18 endosperm uncover severe mitochondrial defects. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical role of mTERF18 in mitochondrial gene transcription termination and its pivotal impact on maize kernel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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2
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Ali NA, Song W, Huang J, Wu D, Zhao X. Recent advances and biotechnological applications of RNA metabolism in plant chloroplasts and mitochondria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1552-1573. [PMID: 38238104 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2299789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
The chloroplast and mitochondrion are semi-autonomous organelles that play essential roles in cell function. These two organelles are embellished with prokaryotic remnants and contain many new features emerging from the co-evolution of organelles and the nucleus. A typical plant chloroplast or mitochondrion genome encodes less than 100 genes, and the regulation of these genes' expression is remarkably complex. The regulation of chloroplast and mitochondrion gene expression can be achieved at multiple levels during development and in response to environmental cues, in which, RNA metabolism, including: RNA transcription, processing, translation, and degradation, plays an important role. RNA metabolism in plant chloroplasts and mitochondria combines bacterial-like traits with novel features evolved in the host cell and is regulated by a large number of nucleus-encoded proteins. Among these, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are deeply involved in multiple aspects of the RNA metabolism of organellar genes. Research over the past decades has revealed new insights into different RNA metabolic events in plant organelles, such as the composition of chloroplast and mitochondrion RNA editosomes. We summarize and discuss the most recent knowledge and biotechnological implications of various RNA metabolism processes in plant chloroplasts and mitochondria, with a focus on the nucleus-encoded factors supporting them, to gain a deeper understanding of the function and evolution of these two organelles in plant cells. Furthermore, a better understanding of the role of nucleus-encoded factors in chloroplast and mitochondrion RNA metabolism will motivate future studies on manipulating the plant gene expression machinery with engineered nucleus-encoded factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ahmed Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Yang YZ, Liu XY, Gao S, Zhang SG, Tan BC. PPR21 is involved in the splicing of nad2 introns via interacting with PPR-small MutS-related 1 and small PPR protein 2 and is essential to maize seed development. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00233-9. [PMID: 39241862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression. Here, we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intron splicing and its role in maize kernel development. PPR21 is a typical P-type PPR protein targeted to mitochondria. The ppr21 mutants are arrested in embryogenesis and endosperm development, leading to embryo lethality. Null mutations of PPR21 reduce the splicing efficiency of nad2 intron 1, 2, and 4 and impair the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I. Previous studies show that the P-type PPR protein EMP12 is required for the splicing of identical introns. However, our protein interaction analyses reveal that PPR21 does not interact with EMP12. Instead, both PPR21 and EMP12 interact with the small MutS-related (SMR) domain-containing PPR protein 1 (PPR-SMR1) and the short P-type PPR protein 2 (SPR2). PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2, and both proteins are required for the splicing of many introns in mitochondria, including nad2 intron 1, 2, and 4. These results suggest that a PPR21-(PPR-SMR1/SPR2)-EMP12 complex is involved in the splicing of nad2 introns in maize mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhuo Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Song Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shu-Guang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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4
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Yang H, Zhang X, Cui D, Zhu YG, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Mechanism of flavonols on detoxification, migration and transformation of indium in rhizosphere system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172693. [PMID: 38663607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination by toxic heavy metal induces serious environmental hazards. In recent years, the use of indium (In) in semiconductor products has increased considerably and the release of In is inevitable, which will pose great risk to the ecosystem. The interaction between metal and plants which are the fundamental components of all ecosystems are an indispensable aspect of indium assessment and remediation. The role of flavonols, which is essential to plant resistance to In stress, remains largely unknown. FLS1 related lines of A. thaliana (Col, fls1-3 and OE) were exposed to In stress in soil and flavonols as root exudates were analyzed in exogenous application test. The accumulation and release of flavonols could be induced by In stress. However, flavonols exhibited different function in vivo and in vitro of plant. The basic function of flavonols was to affect root morphology via regulating auxin, but being intervened by In stress. The synthesis and accumulation of flavonols in vivo could activate the antioxidant system and the metal detoxification system to alleviate the toxic effects of In on plant. In addition, plants could make phone calls to rhizosphere microbes for help when exposed to In. Flavonols in vitro might act as the information transmission. Combination of endogenous and exogenous flavonols could affect the migration and transformation of In in soil-plant system via metal complexation and transportation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Dayong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Yong Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China.
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5
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Li X, Jiang Y. Research Progress of Group II Intron Splicing Factors in Land Plant Mitochondria. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:176. [PMID: 38397166 PMCID: PMC10887915 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that provide energy for the life of cells. Group II introns are usually found in the mitochondrial genes of land plants. Correct splicing of group II introns is critical to mitochondrial gene expression, mitochondrial biological function, and plant growth and development. Ancestral group II introns are self-splicing ribozymes that can catalyze their own removal from pre-RNAs, while group II introns in land plant mitochondria went through degenerations in RNA structures, and thus they lost the ability to self-splice. Instead, splicing of these introns in the mitochondria of land plants is promoted by nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins. Many proteins involved in mitochondrial group II intron splicing have been characterized in land plants to date. Here, we present a summary of research progress on mitochondrial group II intron splicing in land plants, with a major focus on protein splicing factors and their probable functions on the splicing of mitochondrial group II introns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yueshui Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China;
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6
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Yang YZ, Ding S, Liu XY, Xu C, Sun F, Tan BC. The DEAD-box RNA helicase ZmRH48 is required for the splicing of multiple mitochondrial introns, mitochondrial complex biosynthesis, and seed development in maize. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2456-2468. [PMID: 37594235 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
RNA helicases participate in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism by rearranging RNAs or RNA-protein complexes in an adenosine triphosphate-dependent manner. Due to the large RNA helicase families in plants, the precise roles of many RNA helicases in plant physiology and development remain to be clarified. Here, we show that mutations in maize (Zea mays) DEAD-box RNA helicase 48 (ZmRH48) impair the splicing of mitochondrial introns, mitochondrial complex biosynthesis, and seed development. Loss of ZmRH48 function severely arrested embryogenesis and endosperm development, leading to defective kernel formation. ZmRH48 is targeted to mitochondria, where its deficiency dramatically reduced the splicing efficiency of five cis-introns (nad5 intron 1; nad7 introns 1, 2, and 3; and ccmFc intron 1) and one trans-intron (nad2 intron 2), leading to lower levels of mitochondrial complexes I and III. ZmRH48 interacts with two unique pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, PPR-SMR1 and SPR2, which are required for the splicing of over half of all mitochondrial introns. PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2, and both proteins interact with P-type PPR proteins and Zm-mCSF1 to facilitate intron splicing. These results suggest that ZmRH48 is likely a component of a splicing complex and is critical for mitochondrial complex biosynthesis and seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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7
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Zu X, Luo L, Wang Z, Gong J, Yang C, Wang Y, Xu C, Qiao X, Deng X, Song X, Chen C, Tan BC, Cao X. A mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat protein enhances cold tolerance by modulating mitochondrial superoxide in rice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6789. [PMID: 37880207 PMCID: PMC10600133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stress affects rice growth and productivity. Defects in the plastid-localized pseudouridine synthase OsPUS1 affect chloroplast ribosome biogenesis, leading to low-temperature albino seedlings and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we report an ospus1-1 suppressor, sop10. SOP10 encodes a mitochondria-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein. Mutations in SOP10 impair intron splicing of the nad4 and nad5 transcripts and decrease RNA editing efficiency of the nad2, nad6, and rps4 transcripts, resulting in deficiencies in mitochondrial complex I, thus decrease ROS generation and rescuing the albino phenotype. Overexpression of different compartment-localized superoxide dismutases (SOD) genes in ospus1-1 reverses the ROS over-accumulation and albino phenotypes to various degrees, with Mn-SOD reversing the best. Mutation of SOP10 in indica rice varieties enhances cold tolerance with lower ROS levels. We find that the mitochondrial superoxide plays a key role in rice cold responses, and identify a mitochondrial superoxide modulating factor, informing efforts to improve rice cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lilan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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8
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Wang C, Li H, Long Y, Dong Z, Wang J, Liu C, Wei X, Wan X. A Systemic Investigation of Genetic Architecture and Gene Resources Controlling Kernel Size-Related Traits in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1025. [PMID: 36674545 PMCID: PMC9865405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain yield is the most critical and complex quantitative trait in maize. Kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel thickness (KT) and hundred-kernel weight (HKW) associated with kernel size are essential components of yield-related traits in maize. With the extensive use of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses, thousands of QTLs and quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) have been discovered for controlling these traits. However, only some of them have been cloned and successfully utilized in breeding programs. In this study, we exhaustively collected reported genes, QTLs and QTNs associated with the four traits, performed cluster identification of QTLs and QTNs, then combined QTL and QTN clusters to detect consensus hotspot regions. In total, 31 hotspots were identified for kernel size-related traits. Their candidate genes were predicted to be related to well-known pathways regulating the kernel developmental process. The identified hotspots can be further explored for fine mapping and candidate gene validation. Finally, we provided a strategy for high yield and quality maize. This study will not only facilitate causal genes cloning, but also guide the breeding practice for maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Huangai Li
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yan Long
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
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9
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Fan K, Fu Q, Wei Q, Jia S, Zhao A, Wang T, Cao J, Liu Y, Ren Z, Liu Y. ZmnMAT1, a nuclear-encoded type I maturase, is required for the splicing of mitochondrial Nad1 intron 1 and Nad4 intron 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1033869. [PMID: 36507372 PMCID: PMC9727264 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Maturases can specifically bind to intron-containing pre-RNAs, folding them into catalytic structures that facilitate intron splicing in vivo. Plants possess four nuclear-encoded maturase-related factors (nMAT1-nMAT4) and some maturases have been shown to involve in the splicing of different mitochondrial group II introns; however, the specific biological functions of maturases in maize are largely uncharacterized. In this study, we identified a maize ZmnMAT1 gene, which encodes a mitochondrion-localized type I maturase with an RT domain at N-terminus and an X domain at C-terminus. Loss-of-function mutation in ZmnMAT1 significantly reduced the splicing efficiencies of Nad1 intron 1 and Nad4 intron 2, and showed arrested embryogenesis and endosperm development, which may be related to impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure and function due to the destruction of the assembly and activity of complex I. Direct physical interaction was undetectable between ZmnMAT1 and the proteins associated with the splicing of Nad1 intron 1 and/or Nad4 intron 2 by yeast two-hybrid assays, suggesting the complexity of group II intron splicing in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghui Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhan Wei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sinian Jia
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengteng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Cao SK, Liu R, Wang M, Sun F, Sayyed A, Shi H, Wang X, Tan BC. The small PPR protein SPR2 interacts with PPR-SMR1 to facilitate the splicing of introns in maize mitochondria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1763-1776. [PMID: 35976145 PMCID: PMC9614438 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Splicing of plant mitochondrial introns is facilitated by numerous nucleus-encoded protein factors. Although some splicing factors have been identified in plants, the mechanism underlying mitochondrial intron splicing remains largely unclear. In this study, we identified a small P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein containing merely four PPR repeats, small PPR protein 2 (SPR2), which is required for the splicing of more than half of the introns in maize (Zea mays) mitochondria. Null mutations of Spr2 severely impair the splicing of 15 out of the 22 mitochondrial Group II introns, resulting in substantially decreased mature transcripts, which abolished the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I. Consequently, embryogenesis and endosperm development were arrested in the spr2 mutants. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and semi-in vivo pull-down analyses indicated that SPR2 interacts with small MutS-related domain protein PPR-SMR1, both of which are required for the splicing of 13 introns. In addition, SPR2 and/or PPR-SMR1 interact with other splicing factors, including PPR proteins EMPTY PERICARP16, PPR14, and chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation (CRM) protein Zm-mCSF1, which participate in the splicing of specific intron(s) of the 13 introns. These results prompt us to propose that SPR2/PPR-SMR1 serves as the core component of a splicing complex and possibly exerts the splicing function through a dynamic interaction with specific substrate recognizing PPR proteins in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Miaodi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Aqib Sayyed
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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11
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Yang J, Cui Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Lai J, Song W, Liang J, Li X. Maize PPR278 Functions in Mitochondrial RNA Splicing and Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063035. [PMID: 35328469 PMCID: PMC8949463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are a large protein family in higher plants and play important roles during seed development. Most reported PPR proteins function in mitochondria. However, some PPR proteins localize to more than one organelle; functional characterization of these proteins remains limited in maize (Zea mays L.). Here, we cloned and analyzed the function of a P-subfamily PPR protein, PPR278. Loss-function of PPR278 led to a lower germination rate and other defects at the seedling stage, as well as smaller kernels compared to the wild type. PPR278 was expressed in all investigated tissues. Furthermore, we determined that PPR278 is involved in the splicing of two mitochondrial transcripts (nad2 intron 4 and nad5 introns 1 and 4), as well as RNA editing of C-to-U sites in 10 mitochondrial transcripts. PPR278 localized to the nucleus, implying that it may function as a transcriptional regulator during seed development. Our data indicate that PPR278 is involved in maize seed development via intron splicing and RNA editing in mitochondria and has potential regulatory roles in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (W.S.)
- National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinhai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (X.L.)
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12
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Fan K, Ren Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Fu J, Qi C, Tatar W, Rasmusson AG, Wang G, Liu Y. The pentatricopeptide repeat protein EMP603 is required for the splicing of mitochondrial Nad1 intron 2 and seed development in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6933-6948. [PMID: 34279607 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intron splicing is an essential event in post-transcriptional RNA processing in plant mitochondria, which requires the participation of diverse nuclear-encoded splicing factors. However, it is presently unclear how these proteins cooperatively take part in the splicing of specific introns. In this study, we characterized a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial P-type pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein named EMP603. This protein is essential for splicing of intron 2 in the Nad1 gene and interacts with the mitochondria-localized DEAD-box RNA helicase PMH2-5140, the RAD52-like proteins ODB1-0814 and ODB1-5061, and the CRM domain-containing protein Zm-mCSF1. Further study revealed that the N-terminal region of EMP603 interacts with the DEAD-box of PMH2-5140, the CRM domain of Zm-mCSF1, and OBD1-5061, but not with OBD1-0814, whereas the PPR domain of EMP603 can interact with ODB1-0814, ODB1-5061, and PMH2-5140, but not with Zm-mCSF1. Defects in EMP603 severely disrupt the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I, leading to impaired mitochondrial function, and delayed seed development. The interactions revealed between EMP603 and PMH2-5140, ODB1-0814, ODB1-5061, and Zm-mCSF1 indicate a possible involvement of a dynamic 'spliceosome-like' complex in intron splicing, and may accelerate the elucidation of the intron splicing mechanism in plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijian Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjing Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlai Qi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wurinile Tatar
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Li X, Sun M, Liu S, Teng Q, Li S, Jiang Y. Functions of PPR Proteins in Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11274. [PMID: 34681932 PMCID: PMC8537650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large protein family in land plants, with hundreds of different members in angiosperms. In the last decade, a number of studies have shown that PPR proteins are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins involved in multiple aspects of plant organellar RNA processing, and perform numerous functions in plants throughout their life cycle. Recently, computational and structural studies have provided new insights into the working mechanisms of PPR proteins in RNA recognition and cytidine deamination. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the functions of PPR proteins in plant growth and development, with a particular focus on their effects on cytoplasmic male sterility, stress responses, and seed development. We also documented the molecular mechanisms of PPR proteins in mediating RNA processing in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (M.S.); (S.L.); (Q.T.); (S.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueshui Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; (M.S.); (S.L.); (Q.T.); (S.L.)
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14
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Zheng P, Liu Y, Liu X, Huang Y, Sun F, Wang W, Chen H, Jan M, Zhang C, Yuan Y, Tan BC, Du H, Tu J. OsPPR939, a nad5 splicing factor, is essential for plant growth and pollen development in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:923-940. [PMID: 33386861 PMCID: PMC7925476 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
P-subfamily PPR protein OsPPR939, which can be phosphorylated by OsS6K1, regulates plant growth and pollen development by involving in the splicing of mitochondrial nad5 introns 1, 2, and 3. In land plants, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play key roles in mitochondrial group II intron splicing, but how these nucleus-encoded proteins are imported into mitochondria is unknown. To date, a few PPR proteins have been characterized in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we demonstrate that the mitochondrion-localized P-subfamily PPR protein OsPPR939 is required for the splicing of nad5 introns 1, 2, and 3 in rice. Complete knockout or partial disruption of OsPPR939 function resulted in different degrees of growth retardation and pollen sterility. The dramatically reduced splicing efficiency of these introns in osppr939-4 and osppr939-5 led to reduced mitochondrial complex I abundance and activity and enhanced expression of alternative respiratory pathway genes. Complementation with OsPPR939 rescued the defective plant morphology of osppr939-4 and restored its decreased splicing efficiency of nad5 introns 1, 2, and 3. Therefore, OsPPR939 plays crucial roles in plant growth and pollen development by splicing mitochondrial nad5 introns 1, 2, and 3. More importantly, the 12th amino acid Ser in the N-terminal targeting sequence of OsPPR939 is phosphorylated by OsS6K1, and truncated OsPPR939 with a non-phosphorylatable S12A mutation in its presequence could not be imported into mitochondria, suggesting that phosphorylation of this amino acid plays an important role in the mitochondrial import of OsPPR939. To our knowledge, the 12th residue Ser on OsPPR939 is the first experimentally proven phosphorylation site in PPR proteins. Our results provide a basis for investigating the regulatory mechanism of PPR proteins at the post-translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mehmood Jan
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bao-Cai Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hao Du
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jumin Tu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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15
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Chen W, Cui Y, Wang Z, Chen R, He C, Liu Y, Du X, Liu Y, Fu J, Wang G, Wang J, Gu R. Nuclear-Encoded Maturase Protein 3 Is Required for the Splicing of Various Group II Introns in Mitochondria during Maize (Zea mays L.) Seed Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 62:293-305. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Splicing of plant organellar group II introns from precursor-RNA transcripts requires the assistance of nuclear-encoded splicing factors. Maturase (nMAT) is one such factor, as its three homologs (nMAT1, 2 and 4) have been identified as being required for the splicing of various mitochondrial introns in Arabidopsis. However, the function of nMAT in maize (Zea mays L.) is unknown. In this study, we identified a seed development mutant, empty pericarp 2441 (emp2441) from maize, which showed severely arrested embryogenesis and endosperm development. Positional cloning and transgenic complementation assays revealed that Emp2441 encodes a maturase-related protein, ZmnMAT3. ZmnMAT3 is highly expressed during seed development and its protein locates to the mitochondria. The loss of function of ZmnMAT3 resulted in the reduced splicing efficiency of various mitochondrial group II introns, particularly of the trans-splicing of nad1 introns 1, 3 and 4, which consequently abolished the transcript of nad1 and severely impaired the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I. Moreover, the Zmnmat3 mutant showed defective mitochondrial structure and exhibited expression and activity of alternative oxidases. These results indicate that ZmnMAT3 is essential for mitochondrial complex I assembly during kernel development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheyuan Wang
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Riliang Gu
- Center of Seed Science and Technology, Beijing Innovation Center for Seed Technology (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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Dai D, Ma Z, Song R. Maize kernel development. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:2. [PMID: 37309525 PMCID: PMC10231577 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-020-01195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is a leading cereal crop in the world. The maize kernel is the storage organ and the harvest portion of this crop and is closely related to its yield and quality. The development of maize kernel is initiated by the double fertilization event, leading to the formation of a diploid embryo and a triploid endosperm. The embryo and endosperm are then undergone independent developmental programs, resulting in a mature maize kernel which is comprised of a persistent endosperm, a large embryo, and a maternal pericarp. Due to the well-characterized morphogenesis and powerful genetics, maize kernel has long been an excellent model for the study of cereal kernel development. In recent years, with the release of the maize reference genome and the development of new genomic technologies, there has been an explosive expansion of new knowledge for maize kernel development. In this review, we overviewed recent progress in the study of maize kernel development, with an emphasis on genetic mapping of kernel traits, transcriptome analysis during kernel development, functional gene cloning of kernel mutants, and genetic engineering of kernel traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Zeyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Rentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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17
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Zhang X, Yang H, Schaufelberger M, Li X, Cao Q, Xiao H, Ren Z. Role of Flavonol Synthesized by Nucleus FLS1 in Arabidopsis Resistance to Pb Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9646-9653. [PMID: 32786845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an important pollutant of worldwide concern with respect to extensive pollution sources and highly toxic effect. Flavonol can improve plant resistance to abiotic stress and is also responsible for the alleviating effect under Pb stress. The relationship between Pb stress and flavonol and the knowledge about the mechanisms of flavonol function are very limited. Pb affected the energy metabolism process and, thus, inhibited plant growth and development. Flavonol accumulation controlled by FLS1 (flavonol synthase) could alleviate the toxic effect. Importantly, nes (mutant of NES that allows FLS1 to enter the nucleus expression) showed better growth status and lighter oxidative damage than NES (N-terminal nucleus exclusion signal peptide prevents FLS1 from entering the nucleus expression), which indicated that nucleus flavonol synthesized by nucleus FLS1 plays a key role in plant resistance to Pb stress. Although FLS1 signals were detected in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, membrane flavonol, cytoplasm flavonol, and nucleus flavonol were not exercising their function in the corresponding position. The expression of nucleus FLS1 intervened in the total content and composition of flavonol. The results also revealed that nucleus flavonol could regulate the ascorbate metabolism for alleviating the damage on the chloroplast, thus maintaining the photophosphorylation pathway. Our findings provided new insights for the molecular basis of Pb tolerance and response mechanism of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Myriam Schaufelberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xinxin Li
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Qingqing Cao
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabin Xiao
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ren
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, People's Republic of China
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