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Fu F, Song C, Wen C, Yang L, Guo Y, Yang X, Shu Z, Li X, Feng Y, Liu B, Sun M, Zhong Y, Chen L, Niu Y, Chen J, Wang G, Yin T, Chen S, Xue L, Cao F. The Metasequoia genome and evolutionary relationships among redwoods. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100643. [PMID: 37381601 PMCID: PMC10775903 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Redwood trees (Sequoioideae), including Metasequoia glyptostroboides (dawn redwood), Sequoiadendron giganteum (giant sequoia), and Sequoia sempervirens (coast redwood), are threatened and widely recognized iconic tree species. Genomic resources for redwood trees could provide clues to their evolutionary relationships. Here, we report the 8-Gb reference genome of M. glyptostroboides and a comparative analysis with two related species. More than 62% of the M. glyptostroboides genome is composed of repetitive sequences. Clade-specific bursts of long terminal repeat retrotransposons may have contributed to genomic differentiation in the three species. The chromosomal synteny between M. glyptostroboides and S. giganteum is extremely high, whereas there has been significant chromosome reorganization in S. sempervirens. Phylogenetic analysis of marker genes indicates that S. sempervirens is an autopolyploid, and more than 48% of the gene trees are incongruent with the species tree. Results of multiple analyses suggest that incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny, indicating that genetic variation among redwoods may be due to random retention of polymorphisms in ancestral populations. Functional analysis of ortholog groups indicates that gene families of ion channels, tannin biosynthesis enzymes, and transcription factors for meristem maintenance have expanded in S. giganteum and S. sempervirens, which is consistent with their extreme height. As a wetland-tolerant species, M. glyptostroboides shows a transcriptional response to flooding stress that is conserved with that of analyzed angiosperm species. Our study offers insights into redwood evolution and adaptation and provides genomic resources to aid in their conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chi Song
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Wuhan Benagen Technology Company Limited, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Chengjin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Company Limited, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ziqiang Shu
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Company Limited, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yangfan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bingshuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yinxiao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Company Limited, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Company Limited, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100070, China.
| | - Liangjiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Fuliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Du S, Hu X, Guo Y, Wang S, Yang X, Wu Z, Huang Y. A comparative plastomic analysis of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow and implication of the origin of Chinese jujube. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad006. [PMID: 37025103 PMCID: PMC10071050 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Comparative plastomics can be used to explicitly dissect various types of plastome variation. In the present study, the plastome variation pattern of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (also called sour jujube) and its phylogenomic relationship with Chinese jujube were investigated. Plastomes of 21 sour jujube individuals were sequenced and assembled. The length of the sour jujube plastomes ranged between 159399 and 161279 bp. The plastomes exhibited collinearity of structure, gene order and content. The most divergent regions were located in the intergenic spacers, such as trnR-UCU-atpA and psbZ-trnG-UCC. Sliding window analysis demonstrated that the sequence variation among the sour jujube plastomes was relatively low. Sixty-two to 76 SSRs with 4 motif types were identified in the sour jujube plastomes with a predominant motif type of A/T. Three protein-coding genes exhibited higher nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios, indicating that these genes may undergo positive selection. A total of 80 SNPs were detected and 1266 potential RNA editing sites of 23 protein-coding genes were predicted. In the phylogenomic tree constructed, sour jujube has a sister relationship to Chinese jujube, which indicates that Chinese jujube may have originated or been domesticated from sour jujube. The present study explicitly investigated the individual-level plastome variation of sour jujube and provides potential valuable molecular markers for future genetic-related study of this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Du
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanting Guo
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Shengji Wang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Taian Dushihuaxiang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyin Huang
- Shandong Huinongtianxia Science and Technology Information Consulting Co., Ltd, Taian, Shandong, China
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Niwa K, Tran DV, Nishikawa K. Differentiated historical demography and ecological niche forming present distribution and genetic structure in coexisting two salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela, Hynobiidae) in a small island, Japan. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13202. [PMID: 35505683 PMCID: PMC9057287 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The climatic oscillations in the Quaternary period considerably shaped the distribution and population genetic structure of organisms. Studies on the historical dynamics of distribution and demography not only reflect the current geographic distribution but also allow us to understand the adaption and genetic differentiation of species. However, the process and factors affecting the present distribution and genetic structure of many taxa are still poorly understood, especially for endemic organisms to small islands. Methods Here, we integrated population genetic and ecological niche modelling approaches to investigate the historical distribution and demographic dynamics of two co-existing salamanders on Tsushima Island, Japan: the true H. tsuensis (Group A), and Hynobius sp. (Group B). We also examined the hypothesis on the equivalency and similarity of niches of these groups by identity and background tests for ecological niche space. Results Our result showed that Group A is considered to have undergone a recent population expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum while it is unlikely to have occurred in Group B. The highest suitability was predicted for Group A in southern Tsushima Island, whereas the northern part of Tsushima Island was the potential distribution of Group B. The results also suggested a restricted range of both salamanders during the Last Interglacial and Last Glacial Maximum, and recent expansion in Mid-Holocene. The genetic landscape-shape interpolation analysis and historical suitable area of ecological niche modelling were consistent, and suggested refugia used during glacial ages in southern part for Group A, and in northern part of Tsushima Island for Group B. Additionally, we found evidence of nonequivalence for the ecological niche of the two groups of the salamanders, although our test could not show either niche divergence or conservatism based on the background tests. The environmental predictors affecting the potential distribution of each group also showed distinctiveness, leading to differences in selecting suitable areas. Finally, the combination of population genetics and ecological modeling has revealed the differential demographic/historical response between coexisting two salamanders on a small island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Niwa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Akita Prefectural Office, Akita, Japan
| | - Dung Van Tran
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Wildlife Department, Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Xu B, Liao M, Deng HN, Yan CC, Lv YY, Gao YD, Ju WB, Zhang JY, Jiang LS, Li X, Gao XF. Chromosome-level de novo genome assembly and whole-genome resequencing of the threatened species Acanthochlamys bracteata (Velloziaceae) provide insights into alpine plant divergence in a biodiversity hotspot. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:1582-1595. [PMID: 34837470 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Hengduan Mountains region is an important hotspot of alpine plant diversity and endemism. Acanthochlamys bracteata is a species of a threatened monotypic genus endemic to the Hengduan Mountains. In this study, we present a high-quality, chromosome-level reference genome for A. bracteata, constructed using long reads, short reads and Hi-C technology. We characterized its genetic diversity, population structure, demographic history and gene flow by resequencing individuals collected across its distribution. Comparative genomics analyses based on sequence information from single-copy orthologous genes revealed that A. bracteata and Dioscorea rotundata diverged ~104.5 million years ago. Whole-genome resequencing based on population genetic analysis revealed that the division of the 14 populations into 10 distinct clusters reflected geographical divergence, and three separate high levels of gene flow occurred sequentially between isolated populations of the Hengduan Mountains, a finding which is consistent with the turnover between ice ages and interglacial periods. Our findings indicate that Quaternary climatic changes played an important role in shaping the genetic structure and demographic trajectories of A. bracteata, and provide critical insights into the genetic status and evolutionary history of this poorly understood species, and possibly other alpine plants with a similar distribution. This study demonstrates the usefulness of population genomics for evaluating the effects of past climatic changes and identifying conservation units for the conservation and management of threatened species. Our high-quality genome represents a valuable resource for future studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution and provides insight for further comparative genomic analysis with other Velloziaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Mangkang Ecological Station, Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor Network, Changdu, China
| | - Min Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-Ning Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao-Chao Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun-Yun Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Yun-Dong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Sha Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Fen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cheng R, Han H, Xue D, Zhu C, Jiang N. Shennongjia-Wushan Mountains-One cryptic glacial refugium introduced by the phylogeographical study of the Geometridae moth Ourapteryx szechuana Wehrli. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10066-10076. [PMID: 34367559 PMCID: PMC8328460 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin and evolution of biodiversity in the Shennongjia and Wushan Mountains, located in central China, are little known. In this study, we used Ourapteryx szechuana, which is widely distributed in China and northern Nepal, to explore whether these mountains acted as glacial refugia during climate oscillations of the Quaternary. In total, 192 samples of O. szechuana were collected throughout much of the distribution range. Phylogenetic analysis, molecular dating, demographic history reconstructions, and MAXENT were used to investigate the evolutionary history and differentiation mechanisms and predict the potential species distributions during four different periods. The phylogenetic tree and the star-like median-joining network strongly supported two reciprocally monophyletic and allopatric lineages. Lineage I was restricted to the Shennongjia and Wushan Mountains. The divergence time of O. szechuana from its sister species O. thibetaria was approximately 1.94 Ma. The differentiation processes of the two intraspecific lineages occurred at approximately 0.47 Ma. The demographic history reconstruction and the ecological niche model suggested that Lineage II experienced an expansion after the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum), whereas Lineage I did not experience any expansion. Our results suggested the Naynayxungla glaciation promoted the divergence of the two lineages by restricting them to different refugia. The valleys of the Shennongjia-Wushan Mountains may have kept stable and warm (thus ice-free) environments during Quaternary glaciations, allowing this region to act as a glacial refugia. Our studies show that the Shennongjia and Wushan Mountains are likely to be important but little studied glacial refugia for the insect and thus worthy of more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongxiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dayong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chaodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Yin M, Zhang S, Du X, Mateo RG, Guo W, Li A, Wang Z, Wu S, Chen J, Liu J, Ren G. Genomic analysis of Medicago ruthenica provides insights into its tolerance to abiotic stress and demographic history. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1641-1657. [PMID: 33615703 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Medicago ruthenica has been recently cultivated as a new forage crop and has been recognized as a source of genes to improve abiotic stress tolerance in cultivated alfalfa because of its remarkable tolerance to drought, salinity-alkalinity, and cold and snowy winters. Here, we reveal a chromosome-scale genome sequence of M. ruthenica based on Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C data. The assembled genome consists of 903.56 Mb with 50,268 annotated protein-coding genes, which is larger and contains relatively more genes than Medicago truncatula (420 Mb and 44,623 genes) and Medicago sativa spp. caerulea (793 Mb and 47,202 genes). All three species shared the ancestral Papilionoideae whole-genome duplication event before their divergence. The more recent expansion of repetitive elements compared to that in the other two species was determined to have contributed greatly to the larger genome size of M. ruthenica. We further found that multiple gene and transcription factor families (e.g., SOS homologous genes, NAC, C2H2, and CAMTA) have expanded in M. ruthenica, which might have led to its enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, M. ruthenica harbors more genes involved in the lignin and cellulose biosynthesis pathways than the other two species. Finally, population genomic analyses revealed two genetic lineages, reflecting the west and east of its geographical distribution, respectively. The two lineages probably diverged during the last glaciation and survived in multiple refugia at the last glacial maximum, followed by recent expansion. Our genomic data provide a genetic basis for further molecular breeding research on M. ruthenica and alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shangzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rubén G Mateo
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangpeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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