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Ma B, Zhang J, Guo S, Xie X, Yan L, Chen H, Zhang H, Bu X, Zheng L, Wang Y. RtNAC055 promotes drought tolerance via a stomatal closure pathway linked to methyl jasmonate/hydrogen peroxide signaling in Reaumuria trigyna. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae001. [PMID: 38419969 PMCID: PMC10901477 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The stomata regulate CO2 uptake and efficient water usage, thereby promoting drought stress tolerance. NAC proteins (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) participate in plant reactions following drought stress, but the molecular mechanisms underlying NAC-mediated regulation of stomatal movement are unclear. In this study, a novel NAC gene from Reaumuria trigyna, RtNAC055, was found to enhance drought tolerance via a stomatal closure pathway. It was regulated by RtMYC2 and integrated with jasmonic acid signaling and was predominantly expressed in stomata and root. The suppression of RtNAC055 could improve jasmonic acid and H2O2 production and increase the drought tolerance of transgenic R. trigyna callus. Ectopic expression of RtNAC055 in the Arabidopsis atnac055 mutant rescued its drought-sensitive phenotype by decreasing stomatal aperture. Under drought stress, overexpression of RtNAC055 in poplar promoted ROS (H2O2) accumulation in stomata, which accelerated stomatal closure and maintained a high photosynthetic rate. Drought upregulated the expression of PtRbohD/F, PtP5CS2, and PtDREB1.1, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities in heterologous expression poplars. RtNAC055 promoted H2O2 production in guard cells by directly binding to the promoter of RtRbohE, thus regulating stomatal closure. The stress-related genes RtDREB1.1/P5CS1 were directly regulated by RtNAC055. These results indicate that RtNAC055 regulates stomatal closure by maintaining the balance between the antioxidant system and H2O2 level, reducing the transpiration rate and water loss, and improving photosynthetic efficiency and drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xinlei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huijing Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiangqi Bu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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Chen J, Wang Y, Di P, Wu Y, Qiu S, Lv Z, Qiao Y, Li Y, Tan J, Chen W, Yu M, Wei P, Xiao Y, Chen W. Phenotyping of Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots Reveals Associations between Root Traits and Bioactive Components. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0098. [PMID: 37791248 PMCID: PMC10545446 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenomics aims to perform high-throughput, rapid, and accurate measurement of plant traits, facilitating the identification of desirable traits and optimal genotypes for crop breeding. Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) roots possess remarkable therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases, with huge market demands. Although great advances have been made in metabolic studies of the bioactive metabolites, investigation for S. miltiorrhiza roots on other physiological aspects is poor. Here, we developed a framework that utilizes image feature extraction software for in-depth phenotyping of S. miltiorrhiza roots. By employing multiple software programs, S. miltiorrhiza roots were described from 3 aspects: agronomic traits, anatomy traits, and root system architecture. Through K-means clustering based on the diameter ranges of each root branch, all roots were categorized into 3 groups, with primary root-associated key traits. As a proof of concept, we examined the phenotypic components in a series of randomly collected S. miltiorrhiza roots, demonstrating that the total surface of root was the best parameter for the biomass prediction with high linear regression correlation (R2 = 0.8312), which was sufficient for subsequently estimating the production of bioactive metabolites without content determination. This study provides an important approach for further grading of medicinal materials and breeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Medicine,
Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peng Di
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application,
Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- School of Computer Science,
Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Qiao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yajing Li
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingfu Tan
- Shangyao Huayu (Linyi) Traditional Chinese Resources Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
| | - Weixu Chen
- Shangyao Huayu (Linyi) Traditional Chinese Resources Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering,
Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital,
Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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Zhang S, Qiu L, Zheng Y, Wang W, Zhao H, Yang D. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of exogenous auxin on lateral root development and tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANTA 2023; 258:33. [PMID: 37378716 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The physiological and transcriptome analysis revealed that auxin was a positive regulator of lateral root development and tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Roots of S. miltiorrhiza are widely used as medicinal materials in China, and the root morphology and content of bioactive compounds [such as phenolic acids and diterpenoid quinones (tanshinones)] are the main factors to determine the quality of this herb. Auxin regulates root development and secondary metabolism in many plant species, but little is known about its function in S. miltiorrhiza. In this study, S. miltiorrhiza seedlings were treated (exogenous application) with the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the polar auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) to investigate the regulatory roles of auxin in S. miltiorrhiza. The results indicated that exogenous IAA promoted both lateral root development and tanshinones biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza. The NPA application suppressed the lateral root development but showed no obvious effects on tanshinones accumulation. Based on the RNA-seq analysis, expressions of genes related to auxin biosynthesis and signaling transduction were altered in both treated groups. Coincidental with the enhanced content of tanshinones, transcripts of several key enzyme genes in the tanshinones biosynthetic pathway were stimulated after the exogenous IAA application. The expression profiles of seven common transcription factor domain-containing gene families were analyzed, and the results implied that some AP2/ERF genes were probably responsible for the auxin-induced lateral root development in S. miltiorrhiza. These findings shed new light on the regulatory roles of auxin on root development and bioactive compounds biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza, and lay the groundwork for future research into the detailed molecular mechanism underlying these biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncang Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Qiu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Zhao
- Shaanxi Origin Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Tongchuan, 727000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Li Q, Fang X, Zhao Y, Cao R, Dong J, Ma P. The SmMYB36-SmERF6/SmERF115 module regulates the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids in salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac238. [PMID: 36643739 PMCID: PMC9832864 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone and phenolic acids are the most important active substances of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and the insight into their transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is an essential process to increase their content in vivo. SmMYB36 has been found to have important regulatory functions in the synthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid; paradoxically, its mechanism of action in S. miltiorrhiza is not clear. Here, we demonstrated that SmMYB36 functions as a promoter of tanshinones accumulation and a suppressor of phenolic acids through the generation of SmMYB36 overexpressed and chimeric SmMYB36-SRDX (EAR repressive domain) repressor hairy roots in combination with transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis. SmMYB36 directly down-regulate the key enzyme gene of primary metabolism, SmGAPC, up-regulate the tanshinones biosynthesis branch genes SmDXS2, SmGGPPS1, SmCPS1 and down-regulate the phenolic acids biosynthesis branch enzyme gene, SmRAS. Meanwhile, SmERF6, a positive regulator of tanshinone synthesis activating SmCPS1, was up-regulated and SmERF115, a positive regulator of phenolic acid biosynthesis activating SmRAS, was down-regulated. Furthermore, the seven acidic amino acids at the C-terminus of SmMYB36 are required for both self-activating domain and activation of target gene expression. As a consequence, this study contributes to reveal the potential relevance of transcription factors synergistically regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinone and phenolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruizhi Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 71210, China
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MYC2 Transcription Factors TwMYC2a and TwMYC2b Negatively Regulate Triptolide Biosynthesis in Tripterygium wilfordii Hairy Roots. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040679. [PMID: 33916111 PMCID: PMC8067133 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide, an important bioactive diterpenoid extracted from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibits many pharmacological activities. MYC2 transcription factor (TF) plays an important role in the regulation of various secondary metabolites in plants. However, whether MYC2 TF could regulate the biosynthesis of triptolide in T. wilfordii is still unknown. In this study, two homologous MYC2 TF genes, TwMYC2a and TwMYC2b, were isolated from T. wilfordii hairy roots and functionally characterized. The analyses of the phylogenetic tree and subcellular localization showed that they were grouped into the IIIe clade of the bHLH superfamily with other functional MYC2 proteins and localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and GUS transactivation assays suggested that TwMYC2a and TwMYC2b inhibited the promoter activity of the miltiradiene synthase genes, TwTPS27a and TwTPS27b, by binding to the E-box (CACATG) and T/G-box (CACGTT) motifs in their promoters. Transgenic results revealed that RNA interference of TwMYC2a/b significantly enhanced the triptolide accumulation in hairy roots and liquid medium by upregulating the expression of several key biosynthetic genes, including TwMS (TwTPS27a/b), TwCPS (TwTPS7/9), TwDXR, and TwHMGR1. In summary, our findings show that TwMYC2a and TwMYC2b act as two negative regulators of triptolide biosynthesis in T. wilfordii hairy roots and also provide new insights on metabolic engineering of triptolide in the future.
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