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Mirzaei Aminiyan M, Shorafa M, Pourbabaee AA. Mitigating the detrimental impacts of low- and high-density polyethylene microplastics using a novel microbial consortium on a soil-plant system: Insights and interactions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116805. [PMID: 39096689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) in soil has raised considerable concerns; however, the effects of their persistence and mitigation on agroecosystems have not been explored. This study aimed to assess the detrimental effects of PE-MPs on a soil-plant system and evaluate their mitigation using a novel microbial consortium (MC). We incorporated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) at two different concentrations, along with a control (0 %, 1 %, and 2 % w/w) into the sandy loam soil for a duration of 135 days. The samples were also treated with a novel MC and incubated for 135 days. The MC comprised three bacterial strains (Ralstonia pickettii (MW290933) strain SHAn2, Pseudomonas putida strain ShA, and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9 (T) strain S7-10F), and a fungal strain (Aspergillus niger strain F1-16S). Sunflowers were subsequently cultivated, and physiological growth parameters were measured. The results showed that adding 2 % LDPE significantly decreased soil pH by 1.06 units compared to the control. Moreover, adding 2 % HDPE resulted in a more significant decrease in soil electrical conductivity (EC) relative to LDPE and the control. A dose-dependent increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was observed, with the highest DOC found in 2 % LDPE. The addition of higher dosages of LDPE reduced soil bulk density (BD) more than HDPE. The addition of 2 % HDPE increased the water drop penetration time (WDPT) but decreased the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD) and water-stable aggregates (WSA) compared to LDPE. The results also revealed that higher levels of LDPE enhanced soil basal respiration (BR) and microbial carbon biomass (MBC). The interaction of MC and higher MP percentages considerably reduced soil pH, EC, BD, and WDPT but significantly increased soil DOC, MWD, WSA, BR, and MBC. Regarding plant growth, incorporating 2 % PE-MPs significantly reduced physiological responses of sunflower: chlorophyll content (Chl; -15.2 %), Fv/Fm ratio (-25.3 %), shoot dry weight (ShD; -31.3 %), root dry weight (RD; -40 %), leaf area (LA; -38.4 %), and stem diameter (StemD; -25 %) compared to the control; however, the addition of novel MC considerably reduced and ameliorated the harmful effects of 2 % PE-MPs on the investigated plant growth responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mirzaei Aminiyan
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Shorafa
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ali Pourbabaee
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Hanke W, Alenfelder J, Liu J, Gutbrod P, Kehraus S, Crüsemann M, Dörmann P, Kostenis E, Scholz M, König GM. The Bacterial G q Signal Transduction Inhibitor FR900359 Impairs Soil-Associated Nematodes. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:549-569. [PMID: 37453001 PMCID: PMC10725363 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) is derived from the soil bacterium Chromobacterium vaccinii and known to bind Gq proteins of mammals and insects, thereby abolishing the signal transduction of their Gq protein-coupled receptors, a process that leads to severe physiological consequences. Due to their highly conserved structure, Gq family of proteins are a superior ecological target for FR producing organisms, resulting in a defense towards a broad range of harmful organisms. Here, we focus on the question whether bacteria like C. vaccinii are important factors in soil in that their secondary metabolites impair, e.g., plant harming organisms like nematodes. We prove that the Gq inhibitor FR is produced under soil-like conditions. Furthermore, FR inhibits heterologously expressed Gαq proteins of the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterodera schachtii in the micromolar range. Additionally, in vivo experiments with C. elegans and the plant parasitic cyst nematode H. schachtii demonstrated that FR reduces locomotion of C. elegans and H. schachtii. Finally, egg-laying of C. elegans and hatching of juvenile stage 2 of H. schachtii from its cysts is inhibited by FR, suggesting that FR might reduce nematode dispersion and proliferation. This study supports the idea that C. vaccinii and its excreted metabolome in the soil might contribute to an ecological equilibrium, maintaining and establishing the successful growth of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Hanke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Alenfelder
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jun Liu
- Neural Information Flow, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - CAESAR, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Gutbrod
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
- Bonn International Graduate School - Land and Food, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 9, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Crüsemann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Scholz
- Neural Information Flow, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - CAESAR, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Xu C, Yang S, Xie Y, He J, Chen Y, Pan Y, Xie H. Morphological and Molecular Characterization, Including Parasitic and Pathogenic Studies of a New Spherical Cyst Nematode Species, Globodera vulgaris n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), Associated with Potatoes in China. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1560-1582. [PMID: 36825334 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-22-0480-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new spherical cyst nematode belonging to the genus Globodera, herein described as Globodera vulgaris n. sp., was extracted from the roots and rhizosphere soil of potato and circumjacent weeds belonging to different families in three provinces in southwest China. The new species was characterized by 8 to 24 ridges between the anus and fenestra and an average Granek's ratio of 2.8 to 3.8 in cysts, a head with three to four annules, a dorsal knob anteriorly projected, ventral knobs round or anteriorly projected in second stage juveniles, a head with three to five annules, a short spicule with an average length of less than 30.0 μm, and a developed velum in males. Pathogenicity tests showed that G. vulgaris n. sp. infected potato but did not damage or affect the potato yield compared with the control, and it parasitized tomato with a low reproduction rate (RF < 1) while it did not parasitize tobacco (RF = 0). The new species was closely related to G. rostochiensis, based on molecular diagnostic marker sequences and constructed phylogenetic analysis, based on internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA, large-subunit rDNA, and small-subunit rDNA. However, the new species exhibited differences from G. rostochiensis in terms of morphological characteristics, a wide host preference, lack of damage to hosts, and an egg-hatching rate induced by hatching factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Xu
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sihua Yang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Xie
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yonglang Pan
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Mkandawire TT, Grencis RK, Berriman M, Duque-Correa MA. Hatching of parasitic nematode eggs: a crucial step determining infection. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:174-187. [PMID: 34538735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although hatching from eggs is fundamental for nematode biology it remains poorly understood. For animal-parasitic nematodes in particular, advancement has been slow since the 1980s. Understanding such a crucial life-cycle process would greatly improve the tractability of parasitic nematodes as experimental systems, advance fundamental knowledge, and enable translational research. Here, we review the role of eggs in the nematode life cycle and the current knowledge on the hatching cascade, including the different inducing and contributing factors, and highlight specific areas of the field that remain unknown. We examine how these knowledge gaps could be addressed and discuss their potential impact and application in nematode parasite research, treatment, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard K Grencis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kud J, Pillai SS, Raber G, Caplan A, Kuhl JC, Xiao F, Dandurand LM. Belowground Chemical Interactions: An Insight Into Host-Specific Behavior of Globodera spp. Hatched in Root Exudates From Potato and Its Wild Relative, Solanum sisymbriifolium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:802622. [PMID: 35095973 PMCID: PMC8791010 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.802622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding belowground chemical interactions between plant roots and plant-parasitic nematodes is immensely important for sustainable crop production and soilborne pest management. Due to metabolic diversity and ever-changing dynamics of root exudate composition, the impact of only certain molecules, such as nematode hatching factors, repellents, and attractants, has been examined in detail. Root exudates are a rich source of biologically active compounds, which plants use to shape their ecological interactions. However, the impact of these compounds on nematode parasitic behavior is poorly understood. In this study, we specifically address this knowledge gap in two cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida, a potato cyst nematode and the newly described species, Globodera ellingtonae. Globodera pallida is a devastating pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide, whereas potato is a host for G. ellingtonae, but its pathogenicity remains to be determined. We compared the behavior of juveniles (J2s) hatched in response to root exudates from a susceptible potato cv. Desirée, a resistant potato cv. Innovator, and an immune trap crop Solanum sisymbriifolium (litchi tomato - a wild potato relative). Root secretions from S. sisymbriifolium greatly reduced the infection rate on a susceptible host for both Globodera spp. Juvenile motility was also significantly influenced in a host-dependent manner. However, reproduction on a susceptible host from juveniles hatched in S. sisymbriifolium root exudates was not affected, nor was the number of encysted eggs from progeny cysts. Transcriptome analysis by using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed the molecular basis of root exudate-mediated modulation of nematode behavior. Differentially expressed genes are grouped into two major categories: genes showing characteristics of effectors and genes involved in stress responses and xenobiotic metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows genome-wide root exudate-specific transcriptional changes in hatched preparasitic juveniles of plant-parasitic nematodes. This research provides a better understanding of the correlation between exudates from different plants and their impact on nematode behavior prior to the root invasion and supports the hypothesis that root exudates play an important role in plant-nematode interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kud
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | | | - Gabriel Raber
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Allan Caplan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Joseph C. Kuhl
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Fangming Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Louise-Marie Dandurand
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Velloso JA, Campos VP, Terra WC, Barros AF, Pedroso MP, Pedroso LA, Paula LL. Slight induction and strong inhibition of Heterodera glycines hatching by short-chain molecules released by different plant species. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-71. [PMID: 34337424 PMCID: PMC8324887 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New management tools are necessary to reduce the damage caused by the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. Identification of molecules that can stimulate second-stage juveniles (J2) hatching in an environment without food may contribute to that. In in vitro experiments, we evaluate the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by soybean (Glycine max), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on H. glycines egg hatching. VOCs released by all plant species significantly (p < 0.05) increased egg hatching. Short-chain molecules released by leaves and roots of soybean and bean increased the hatching up to 71.4%. The analysis of the volatilome done by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed 44 compounds in the plant emissions. Four of them, namely 3-octanol, 1-hexanol, hexanal and linalool were tested individually as hatching inductors. Under concentrations of 200, 600, and 1,000 µg/ml there was no hatching induction of H. glycines J2 by these compounds. On the other hand, in these concentrations, the compounds 3-octanol and 1-hexanol caused hatching reduction with values similar to the commercial nematicide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methyl carbamate). In subsequent tests, the compounds 1-hexanol and 3-octanol showed lethal concentration values required to kill 50% of thenematode population (LC50) of 210 and 228 µg/ml, respectively, in the first experiment and, 230 and 124 µg/mlin the second one. Although we have not identified any molecules acting as hatching factor (HF), here we present a list (44 candidate molecules) that can be explored in future studies to find an efficient HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanny A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vicente P. Campos
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Willian C. Terra
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline F. Barros
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio P. Pedroso
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luma A. Pedroso
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia L. Paula
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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