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Win AN, Sankhuan D, Chintakovid W, Supaibulwatana K. Bioactive Compounds Produced in Leaves of Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Transplants under Modified Environments of Root and Aerial Zones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2850. [PMID: 36365301 PMCID: PMC9658746 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different shoot/root micro-environments were investigated for growth performances and nutraceutical compounds in leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) transplants. Single-node segments were taken from seedling-grown pots of three cultivars: Myanmar large leaf (MLL), Myanmar medium leaf (MML), and C14. Transplant production was compared in soil, vermiculite (V), or the dynamic root floating technique (DRFT). The highest survival percentage of the transplants was obtained from V-system, and MLL showed a higher shoot/root formation over two tested cultivars. The MLL transplants grown in V-system under white LED light (445 and 554 nm) at 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 gave a fresh weight with superior qualified transplants compared to other treatments. The bioactive compounds in leaves of MLL, MML, and C14 were analyzed using GC-MS after incubation with different LED spectra. Ethanol extracts of the leaves revealed that more than 50% of the bioactive compounds were fatty acids and conjugates and varied according to spectra and cultivar. Blue LED light (445 nm) induced the production of total phenolics, whereas white LED light favored the production of total proteins, soluble sugar, and biomass. The modified environments at the root and aerial zones significantly influenced the growth and biochemical parameters of transplants, and this applied technique can elevate useful functional ingredients of mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Nwe Win
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Sericulture Research and Development Center, Pyin-Oo-Lwin, Mandalay 05081, Myanmar
| | - Darunmas Sankhuan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Watcharra Chintakovid
- Agricultural Science Program, Kanchanaburi Campus, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand
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Li Y, Yu C, Mo R, Zhu Z, Dong Z, Hu X, Deng W, Zhuang C. Screening and Verification of Photosynthesis and Chloroplast-Related Genes in Mulberry by Comparative RNA-Seq and Virus-Induced Gene Silencing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158620. [PMID: 35955752 PMCID: PMC9368790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is one of the most important factors in mulberry growth and production. To study the photosynthetic regulatory network of mulberry we sequenced the transcriptomes of two high-yielding (E1 and E2) and one low-yielding (H32) mulberry genotypes at two-time points (10:00 and 12:00). Re-annotation of the mulberry genome based on the transcriptome sequencing data identified 22,664 high-quality protein-coding genes with a BUSCO-assessed completeness of 93.4%. A total of 6587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the transcriptome analysis. Functional annotation and enrichment revealed 142 out of 6587 genes involved in the photosynthetic pathway and chloroplast development. Moreover, 3 out of 142 genes were further examined using the VIGS technique; the leaves of MaCLA1- and MaTHIC-silenced plants were markedly yellowed or even white, and the leaves of MaPKP2-silenced plants showed a wrinkled appearance. The expression levels of the ensiled plants were reduced, and the levels of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were lower than those of the control plants. Co-expression analysis showed that MaCLA1 was co-expressed with CHUP1 and YSL3; MaTHIC was co-expressed with MaHSP70, MaFLN1, and MaEMB2794; MaPKP2 was mainly co-expressed with GH9B7, GH3.1, and EDA9. Protein interaction network prediction revealed that MaCLA1 was associated with RPE, TRA2, GPS1, and DXR proteins; MaTHIC was associated with TH1, PUR5, BIO2, and THI1; MaPKP2 was associated with ENOC, LOS2, and PGI1. This study offers a useful resource for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in mulberry photosynthesis and preliminary insight into the regulatory network of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Cui Yu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Rongli Mo
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhaoxia Dong
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xingming Hu
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Wen Deng
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.Y.); (R.M.); (Z.Z.); (Z.D.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (W.D.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-87106001 (W.D.); +86-20-85288399 (C.Z.)
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: (W.D.); (C.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-87106001 (W.D.); +86-20-85288399 (C.Z.)
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Funneliformis mosseae Improves Growth and Nutrient Accumulation in Wheat by Facilitating Soil Nutrient Uptake under Elevated CO 2 at Daytime, Not Nighttime. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060458. [PMID: 34200509 PMCID: PMC8229587 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concurrent effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) concentrations and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) accumulations in plant and soil is largely unknown. To understand the mechanisms of eCO2 and mycorrhization on wheat (Triticum aestivum) performance and soil fertility, wheat seedlings were grown under four different CO2 environments for 12 weeks, including (1) ambient CO2 (ACO2, 410/460 ppm, daytime/nighttime), (2) sole daytime eCO2 (DeCO2, 550/460 ppm), (3) sole nighttime eCO2 (NeCO2, 410/610 ppm), and (4) dual or continuous daytime/nighttime eCO2 ((D + N)eCO2, 550/610 ppm), and with or without AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) colonization. DeCO2, NeCO2 and (D + N)eCO2 generally significantly increased shoot and root biomass, plant C, N, P and K accumulation, soil invertase and urease activity, but decreased shoot and root N, P and K concentrations, and soil available N, P and K. Compared with non-AMF, AMF effects on above-mentioned characteristics were significantly positive under ACO2, DeCO2 and (D + N)eCO2, but negative on plant biomass, C, N, P and K accumulation under NeCO2. Overall, AMF colonization alleviated soil nutrient constraints on plant responses to DeCO2, while NeCO2 decreased AMF's beneficial effects on plants. These results demonstrated that an integration of AMF's benefits to plants under factual field DeCO2 and/or NeCO2 will be critical for managing the long-term consequence of future CO2 rising on global cropping systems.
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Shi S, Luo X, Dong X, Qiu Y, Xu C, He X. Arbuscular Mycorrhization Enhances Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Accumulation in Vicia faba by Modulating Soil Nutrient Balance under Elevated CO 2. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050361. [PMID: 34063150 PMCID: PMC8148158 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), and their interaction on nutrient accumulation of leguminous plants and soil fertility is unknown. Plant growth, concentrations of tissue nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in 12-week-old nodulated faba bean (Vicia faba, inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. NM353), and nutrient use efficiency were thus assessed under ambient CO2 (410/460 ppm, daytime, 07:00 a.m.–19:00 p.m./nighttime, 19:00 p.m.–07:00 a.m.) and eCO2 (550/610 ppm) for 12 weeks with or without AM fungus of Funneliformis mosseae inoculation. eCO2 favored AMF root colonization and nodule biomass production. eCO2 significantly decreased shoot N, P and K concentrations, but generally increased tissue N, P and K accumulation and their use efficiency with an increased biomass production. Meanwhile, eCO2 enhanced C allocation into soil but showed no effects on soil available N, P, and K, while AM symbiosis increased accumulation of C, N, P, and K in both plant and soil though increased soil nutrient uptake under eCO2. Moreover, plant acquisition of soil NO3−–N and NH4+–N respond differently to AMF and eCO2 treatments. As a result, the interaction between AM symbiosis and eCO2 did improve plant C accumulation and soil N, P, and K uptake, and an alternative fertilization for legume plantation should be therefore taken under upcoming atmosphere CO2 rising. Future eCO2 studies should employ multiple AMF species, with other beneficial fungal or bacterial species, to test their interactive effects on plant performance and soil nutrient availability in the field, under other global change events including warming and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Shi
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.S.); (X.L.); (X.D.); (Y.Q.); (C.X.)
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xie Luo
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.S.); (X.L.); (X.D.); (Y.Q.); (C.X.)
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xingshui Dong
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.S.); (X.L.); (X.D.); (Y.Q.); (C.X.)
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.S.); (X.L.); (X.D.); (Y.Q.); (C.X.)
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.S.); (X.L.); (X.D.); (Y.Q.); (C.X.)
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinhua He
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (S.S.); (X.L.); (X.D.); (Y.Q.); (C.X.)
- National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400716, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-2328-9058
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