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Chocano-Coralla EJ, Vidali L. Myosin XI, a model of its conserved role in plant cell tip growth. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:505-515. [PMID: 38629612 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelle and vesicle transport, positioning, and interactions play crucial roles in cytoplasmic organization and function. These processes are governed by intracellular trafficking mechanisms. At the core of that trafficking, the cytoskeleton and directional transport by motor proteins stand out as its key regulators. Plant cell tip growth is a well-studied example of cytoplasm organization by polarization. This polarization, essential for the cell's function, is driven by the cytoskeleton and its associated motors. This review will focus on myosin XI, a molecular motor critical for vesicle trafficking and polarized plant cell growth. We will center our discussion on recent data from the moss Physcomitrium patens and the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. The biochemical properties and structure of myosin XI in various plant species are discussed, highlighting functional conservation across species. We further explore this conservation of myosin XI function in the process of vesicle transport in tip-growing cells. Existing evidence indicates that myosin XI actively organizes actin filaments in tip-growing cells by a mechanism based on vesicle clustering at their tips. A hypothetical model is presented to explain the essential function of myosin XI in polarized plant cell growth based on vesicle clustering at the tip. The review also provides insight into the in vivo localization and dynamics of myosin XI, emphasizing its role in cytosolic calcium regulation, which influences the polymerization of F-actin. Lastly, we touch upon the need for additional research to elucidate the regulation of myosin function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, U.S.A
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2
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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Shan M, Amjad Z, Xue J, Zhang Z, Wang J, Guo Y. Genome-Wide Studies of FH Family Members in Soybean ( Glycine max) and Their Responses under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:276. [PMID: 38256829 PMCID: PMC10820127 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Formins or formin homology 2 (FH2) proteins, evolutionarily conserved multi-domain proteins in eukaryotes, serve as pivotal actin organizers, orchestrating the structure and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. However, a comprehensive investigation into the formin family and their plausible involvement in abiotic stress remains undocumented in soybean (Glycine max). In the current study, 34 soybean FH (GmFH)family members were discerned, their genomic distribution spanning the twenty chromosomes in a non-uniform pattern. Evolutionary analysis of the FH gene family across plant species delineated five discernible groups (Group I to V) and displayed a closer evolutionary relationship within Glycine soja, Glycine max, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of the gene structure of GmFH unveiled variable sequence lengths and substantial diversity in conserved motifs. Structural prediction in the promoter regions of GmFH gene suggested a large set of cis-acting elements associated with hormone signaling, plant growth and development, and stress responses. The investigation of the syntenic relationship revealed a greater convergence of GmFH genes with dicots, indicating a close evolutionary affinity. Transcriptome data unveiled distinctive expression patterns of several GmFH genes across diverse plant tissues and developmental stages, underscoring a spatiotemporal regulatory framework governing the transcriptional dynamics of GmFH gene. Gene expression and qRT-PCR analysis identified many GmFH genes with a dynamic pattern in response to abiotic stresses, revealing their potential roles in regulating plant stress adaptation. Additionally, protein interaction analysis highlighted an intricate web of interactions among diverse GmFH proteins. These findings collectively underscore a novel biological function of GmFH proteins in facilitating stress adaptation in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbiao Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Heze Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heze 274000, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zarmeena Amjad
- SINO_PAK Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Jin Xue
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zenglin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Yow AG, Laosuntisuk K, Young RA, Doherty CJ, Gillitt N, Perkins-Veazie P, Jenny Xiang QY, Iorizzo M. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes for cold stress response and early flowering in pineapple. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18890. [PMID: 37919298 PMCID: PMC10622448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pineapple originates from tropical regions in South America and is therefore significantly impacted by cold stress. Periodic cold events in the equatorial regions where pineapple is grown may induce early flowering, also known as precocious flowering, resulting in monetary losses due to small fruit size and the need to make multiple passes for harvesting a single field. Currently, pineapple is one of the most important tropical fruits in the world in terms of consumption, and production losses caused by weather can have major impacts on worldwide exportation potential and economics. To further our understanding of and identify mechanisms for low-temperature tolerance in pineapple, and to identify the relationship between low-temperature stress and flowering time, we report here a transcriptomic analysis of two pineapple genotypes in response to low-temperature stress. Using meristem tissue collected from precocious flowering-susceptible MD2 and precocious flowering-tolerant Dole-17, we performed pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify cold stress, genotype, and floral organ development-specific modules. Dole-17 had a greater increase in expression of genes that confer cold tolerance. The results suggested that low temperature stress in Dole-17 plants induces transcriptional changes to adapt and maintain homeostasis. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed differences in cuticular wax biosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation, and vernalization-related gene expression between genotypes. Cold stress induced changes in ethylene and abscisic acid-mediated pathways differentially between genotypes, suggesting that MD2 may be more susceptible to hormone-mediated early flowering. The differentially expressed genes and module hub genes identified in this study are potential candidates for engineering cold tolerance in pineapple to develop new varieties capable of maintaining normal reproduction cycles under cold stress. In addition, a total of 461 core genes involved in the development of reproductive tissues in pineapple were also identified in this study. This research provides an important genomic resource for understanding molecular networks underlying cold stress response and how cold stress affects flowering time in pineapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Yow
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, 28081, USA
| | - Kanjana Laosuntisuk
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Roberto A Young
- Research Department of Dole, Standard Fruit de Honduras, Zona Mazapan, 31101, La Ceiba, Honduras
| | - Colleen J Doherty
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Penelope Perkins-Veazie
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, 28081, USA
| | - Qiu-Yun Jenny Xiang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, 28081, USA.
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Pan MH, Xu R, Zheng Z, Xiong J, Dong H, Wei Q, Ma B. The formins inhibitor SMIFH2 inhibits the cytoskeleton dynamics and mitochondrial function during goat oocyte maturation. Theriogenology 2023; 211:40-48. [PMID: 37562190 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in facilitating the successful completion of the meiotic maturation of oocytes. Its influence extends to the process of oocyte nuclear maturation and the proper functioning of various organelles during cytoplasmic maturation. The formin family of proteins plays a crucial role in the molecular regulation of cytoskeletal assembly and organization; however, its role in goat oocytes are not fully understood. Our study examined the inhibition of formins activity, which revealed its crucial role in the maturation of goat oocytes. We observed that the inhibition of formins resulted in meiotic defects in goat oocytes, as evidenced by the hindered extrusion of polar bodies and the expansion of cumulus cells. Additionally, the oocytes exhibited altered actin dynamics and compromised spindle/chromosome structure upon formins inhibition. The results of the transcriptomic analysis highlighted a noteworthy alteration in the mRNA levels of genes implicated in mitochondrial functions and oxidative phosphorylation in formins inhibited oocytes. Validation experiments provided evidence that the meiotic defects observed in these oocytes were due to the excessive early apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our findings demonstrate that the involvement of formins in sustaining the cytoskeletal dynamics and mitochondrial function is crucial for the successful meiotic maturation of goat oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinfeng Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiying Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang R, Xu Y, Yi R, Shen J, Huang S. Actin cytoskeleton in the control of vesicle transport, cytoplasmic organization, and pollen tube tip growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:9-25. [PMID: 37002825 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes extend rapidly via tip growth. This process depends on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton, which has been implicated in controlling organelle movements, cytoplasmic streaming, vesicle trafficking, and cytoplasm organization in pollen tubes. In this update review, we describe the progress in understanding the organization and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the function of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling vesicle traffic and cytoplasmic organization in pollen tubes. We also discuss the interplay between ion gradients and the actin cytoskeleton that regulates the spatial arrangement and dynamics of actin filaments and the organization of the cytoplasm in pollen tubes. Finally, we describe several signaling components that regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Yi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiangfeng Shen
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Cvrčková F, Bezvoda R. Gaining Insight into Large Gene Families with the Aid of Bioinformatic Tools. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:173-191. [PMID: 36773233 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteins participating in plant cell morphogenesis are often encoded by large gene families, in some cases comprising paralogs with variable (modular) domain organization, as in the case of the formin (FH2 protein) family of actin nucleators that can have also additional functions. Unravelling the phylogeny of such a complex gene family brings a number of specific challenges but may be crucial for predictions of protein function and for experimental design. Here we present an overview of our "cottage industry" semi-manual bioinformatic approach, based mostly, though not exclusively, on freely available software tools, which we used to obtain insight into the evolutionary history of plant FH2 proteins and some other components of the plant cell morphogenesis apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Cvrčková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Radek Bezvoda
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ, Prague, Czechia
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Zhang Y, Dong G, Wu L, Wang X, Chen F, Xiong E, Xiong G, Zhou Y, Kong Z, Fu Y, Zeng D, Ma D, Qian Q, Yu Y. Formin protein DRT1 affects gross morphology and chloroplast relocation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:280-298. [PMID: 36102807 PMCID: PMC9806613 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant height and tiller number are two major factors determining plant architecture and yield. However, in rice (Oryza sativa), the regulatory mechanism of plant architecture remains to be elucidated. Here, we reported a recessive rice mutant presenting dwarf and reduced tillering phenotypes (drt1). Map-based cloning revealed that the phenotypes are caused by a single point mutation in DRT1, which encodes the Class I formin protein O. sativa formin homolog 13 (OsFH13), binds with F-actin, and promotes actin polymerization for microfilament organization. DRT1 protein localized on the plasma membrane (PM) and chloroplast (CP) outer envelope. DRT1 interacted with rice phototropin 2 (OsPHOT2), and the interaction was interrupted in drt1. Upon blue light stimulus, PM localized DRT1 and OsPHOT2 were translocated onto the CP membrane. Moreover, deficiency of DRT1 reduced OsPHOT2 internalization and OsPHOT2-mediated CP relocation. Our study suggests that rice formin protein DRT1/OsFH13 is necessary for plant morphology and CP relocation by modulating the actin-associated cytoskeleton network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Limin Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30601, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Erhui Xiong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Institute of Agricultural Genomics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 100018, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Dianrong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yanchun Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
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Ren A, Zhang J, Liu Z, Du P, Zhang F, Ren H, Zhang D. OsFH13, a type I formin, is indispensable for rice morphogenesis. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Gu Y, Rasmussen CG. Cell biology of primary cell wall synthesis in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:103-128. [PMID: 34613413 PMCID: PMC8774047 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Building a complex structure such as the cell wall, with many individual parts that need to be assembled correctly from distinct sources within the cell, is a well-orchestrated process. Additional complexity is required to mediate dynamic responses to environmental and developmental cues. Enzymes, sugars, and other cell wall components are constantly and actively transported to and from the plasma membrane during diffuse growth. Cell wall components are transported in vesicles on cytoskeletal tracks composed of microtubules and actin filaments. Many of these components, and additional proteins, vesicles, and lipids are trafficked to and from the cell plate during cytokinesis. In this review, we first discuss how the cytoskeleton is initially organized to add new cell wall material or to build a new cell wall, focusing on similarities during these processes. Next, we discuss how polysaccharides and enzymes that build the cell wall are trafficked to the correct location by motor proteins and through other interactions with the cytoskeleton. Finally, we discuss some of the special features of newly formed cell walls generated during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Author for correspondence: (Y.G.), (C.G.R.)
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OsFH3 Encodes a Type II Formin Required for Rice Morphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413250. [PMID: 34948047 PMCID: PMC8706662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is crucial for plant morphogenesis, and organization of actin filaments (AF) is dynamically regulated by actin-binding proteins. However, the roles of actin-binding proteins, particularly type II formins, in this process remain poorly understood in plants. Here, we report that a type II formin in rice, Oryza sativa formin homolog 3 (OsFH3), acts as a major player to modulate AF dynamics and contributes to rice morphogenesis. osfh3 mutants were semi-dwarf with reduced size of seeds and unchanged responses to light or gravity compared with mutants of osfh5, another type II formin in rice. osfh3 osfh5 mutants were dwarf with more severe developmental defectiveness. Recombinant OsFH3 could nucleate actin, promote AF bundling, and cap the barbed end of AF to prevent elongation and depolymerization, but in the absence of profilin, OsFH3 could inhibit AF elongation. Different from other reported type II formins, OsFH3 could bind, but not bundle, microtubules directly. Furthermore, its N-terminal phosphatase and tensin homolog domain played a key role in modulating OsFH3 localization at intersections of AF and punctate structures of microtubules, which differed from other reported plant formins. Our results, thus, provide insights into the biological function of type II formins in modulating plant morphology by acting on AF dynamics.
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