1
|
Souza C, Valadão-Mendes LB, Schulze-Albuquerque I, Bergamo PJ, Souza DD, Nogueira A. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria boost floral attractiveness in a tropical legume species during nutrient limitation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024:e16363. [PMID: 38956859 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Legumes establish mutualistic interactions with pollinators and nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria that are critical for plant reproduction and ecosystem functioning. However, we know little about how N-fixing bacteria and soil nutrient availability affect plant attractiveness to pollinators. METHODS In a two-factorial greenhouse experiment to assess the impact of N-fixing bacteria and soil types on floral traits and attractiveness to pollinators in Chamaecrista latistipula (Fabaceae), plants were inoculated with N-fixing bacteria (NF+) or not (NF-) and grown in N-rich organic soil (+N organic soil) or N-poor sand soil (-N sand soil). We counted buds and flowers and measured plant size during the experiment. We also measured leaf, petal, and anther reflectance with a spectrophotometer and analyzed reflectance curves. Using the bee hexagon model, we estimated chromatic contrasts, a crucial visual cues for attracting bees that are nearby and more distant. RESULTS NF+ plants in -N sand soil had a high floral display and color contrasts. On the other hand, NF- plants and/or plants in +N organic soil had severely reduced floral display and color contrasts, decreasing floral attractiveness to bee pollinators. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the N-fixing bacteria positively impact pollination, particularly when nutrients are limited. This study provides insights into the dynamics of plant-pollinator interactions and underscores the significant influence of root symbionts on key floral traits within tropical ecosystems. These results contribute to understanding the mechanisms governing mutualisms and their consequences for plant fitness and ecological dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Souza
- Laboratório de Interações Planta-Animal (LIPA), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução e Diversidade, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena B Valadão-Mendes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Isadora Schulze-Albuquerque
- Departamento de Botânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pedro J Bergamo
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Av 24 1515, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Douglas D Souza
- Laboratório de Interações Planta-Animal (LIPA), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução e Diversidade, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anselmo Nogueira
- Laboratório de Interações Planta-Animal (LIPA), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Evolução e Diversidade, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Macedo KM, Tunes P, de Almeida Gonçalves L, Canaveze Y, Guimarães E, Machado SR. Osmophores and petal surface traits in Bignonieae species. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2023; 110:44. [PMID: 37682350 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes the osmophores and corolla traits in 18 species of Bignonieae Dumort., a Bignoniaceae tribe occurring in the Cerrado, a neotropical savanna in Brazil. To detect osmophore distribution, whole, newly opened flowers were immersed in Neutral Red Solution. Samples from the corolla tube and lobes were also fixed and analyzed micromorphologically, anatomically, and histochemically. The osmophores showed six markedly different distribution patterns that were not clearly associated with histological features. In most species, osmophores comprised papillose secretory epidermises and a few layers of subepidermal parenchyma. Starch grains, lipid droplets, and terpenes were detected in osmophores. An ornamented cuticle, cuticular folds, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, raised stomata and epicuticular wax granules are common traits in the species studied and may be useful in determining the taxonomy of the group. We found that 94% of the species visited by bees had papillose epidermises while the single hummingbird-pollinated species presented a flattened epidermis. Variations in osmophore pattern among species visited by bees, including variations within the same plant genus, are novel finding. Additionally, the Bignonieae species visited by bees presented a textured corolla surface, which has been reported as facilitating bee attachment and movement towards the floral resource. Future studies with a greater number of Bignonieae species and more detailed pollinator behavioral assays may help in the interpretation of the variations in corolla traits and functional relationships between flowers and pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karise Mamede Macedo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal - Interunidades, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu/Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Tunes
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade E Bioestatística, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Almeida Gonçalves
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Yve Canaveze
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elza Guimarães
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade E Bioestatística, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Rodrigues Machado
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade E Bioestatística, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szitár K, Deák B, Halassy M, Steffen C, Batáry P. Combination of organic farming and flower strips in agricultural landscapes – A feasible method to maximise functional diversity of plant traits related to pollination. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
4
|
Basso-Alves JP, da Silva RF, Coimbra G, Leitão SG, de Rezende CM, Bizzo HR, Freitas L, Paulino JV, Mansano VDF. Heteromorphic stamens are differentially attractive in Swartzia (Fabaceae). AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac041. [PMID: 36267642 PMCID: PMC9575666 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The division of labour hypothesis between stamens has explained the evolution of divergent functions between dimorphic stamens in the same flower. However, little is known about whether the distinct type of stamens differs in attractiveness to pollinators. Therefore, we investigate whether the two types of stamens commonly found in Swartzia have different visual and olfactory attractants. We performed observations of anthesis dynamics, registration and collection of floral visitors, measurements of reflectance of floral parts and chemical analysis of the volatile organic compounds of the floral parts of two species, S. flaemingii and S. simplex. Both species have two distinct sets of stamens: one with smaller and abundant stamens in the centre of the flower and the other with fewer but larger abaxial stamens. The sets differ in UV reflectance (only S. simplex) and exhibit a distinct chromatic contrast. Concerning olfactory attractiveness, aliphatic compounds make up most of the odour of the two species, both whole flowers and most of their floral organs. On the other hand, only S. simplex presented apocarotenoids (as ionones) and benzenoids. Furthermore, there are differences in the proportion of volatiles emitted by the stamen in both cases, as the high proportion of sesquiterpenes among the smaller stamens compared to the larger ones. In conclusion, the two types of stamens found in S. flaemingii and S. simplex show a distinct attractiveness. In addition, our data have demonstrated diverse ways of differential attractiveness both between distinct stamens set per flower and between the two species from the same pollen flowers genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Ferreira da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica/GQO, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24020141, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Coimbra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-036, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ-JBRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Suzana Guimarães Leitão
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Claudia Moraes de Rezende
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22945970, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-036, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ-JBRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Juliana Villela Paulino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-036, Brazil
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Narbona E, del Valle JC, Arista M, Buide ML, Ortiz PL. Major Flower Pigments Originate Different Colour Signals to Pollinators. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.743850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower colour is mainly due to the presence and type of pigments. Pollinator preferences impose selection on flower colour that ultimately acts on flower pigments. Knowing how pollinators perceive flowers with different pigments becomes crucial for a comprehensive understanding of plant-pollinator communication and flower colour evolution. Based on colour space models, we studied whether main groups of pollinators, specifically hymenopterans, dipterans, lepidopterans and birds, differentially perceive flower colours generated by major pigment groups. We obtain reflectance data and conspicuousness to pollinators of flowers containing one of the pigment groups more frequent in flowers: chlorophylls, carotenoids and flavonoids. Flavonoids were subsequently classified in UV-absorbing flavonoids, aurones-chalcones and the anthocyanins cyanidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin, and malvidin derivatives. We found that flower colour loci of chlorophylls, carotenoids, UV-absorbing flavonoids, aurones-chalcones, and anthocyanins occupied different regions of the colour space models of these pollinators. The four groups of anthocyanins produced a unique cluster of colour loci. Interestingly, differences in colour conspicuousness among the pigment groups were almost similar in the bee, fly, butterfly, and bird visual space models. Aurones-chalcones showed the highest chromatic contrast values, carotenoids displayed intermediate values, and chlorophylls, UV-absorbing flavonoids and anthocyanins presented the lowest values. In the visual model of bees, flowers with UV-absorbing flavonoids (i.e., white flowers) generated the highest achromatic contrasts. Ours findings suggest that in spite of the almost omnipresence of floral anthocyanins in angiosperms, carotenoids and aurones-chalcones generates higher colour conspicuousness for main functional groups of pollinators.
Collapse
|