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Sun R, Han A, Wang H, Wang C, Lu Y, Ni D, Guo N, Xing H, Zhao J. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to Phytophthora Root Rot. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1705. [PMID: 38931137 PMCID: PMC11207509 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Soybean production is significantly impacted by Phytophthora root rot (PRR), which is caused by Phytophthora sojae. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene family plays a crucial role in plant disease resistance. However, current understanding of the function of soybean NLR genes in resistance to PRR is limited. To address this knowledge gap, transgenic soybean plants overexpressing the NLR gene (Glyma.18g283200) were generated to elucidate the molecular mechanism of resistance. Here, transcript changes and metabolic differences were investigated at three time points (12, 24, and 36 h) after P. sojae infection in hypocotyls of two soybean lines, Dongnong 50 (susceptible line, WT) and Glyma.18g283200 overexpression line (resistant line, OE). Based on the changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to P. sojae infection in different lines and at different time points, it was speculated that HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE 1 (ZAR1), valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, and phytohormone signaling may be involved in the defense response of soybean to P. sojae at the transcriptome level by GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) analysis revealed that a total of 223 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in the positive ion (POS) and negative ion (NEG) modes, respectively. An integrated pathway-level analysis of transcriptomics (obtained by RNA-seq) and metabolomics data revealed that isoflavone biosynthesis was associated with disease resistance. This work provides valuable insights that can be used in breeding programs aiming to enhance soybean resistance against PRR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Soybean Bio-Breeding Industry and Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.S.); (A.H.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Han Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Soybean Bio-Breeding Industry and Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.S.); (A.H.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Soybean Bio-Breeding Industry and Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.S.); (A.H.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (D.N.)
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Wang H, Wei X, Mo C, Wei M, Li Y, Fan Y, Gu X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Kong Q. Integrated full-length transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the defence response of melon to gummy stem blight. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1997-2010. [PMID: 38379450 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Gummy stem blight (GSB), a widespread disease causing great loss to cucurbit production, has become a major threat to melon cultivation. However, the melon-GSB interaction remains largely unknown. Here, full-length transcriptome and widely targeted metabolome were used to investigate the defence responses of resistant (PI511089) and susceptible (Payzawat) melon accessions to GSB pathogen infection at 24 h. The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and MAPK signalling pathway were specifically enriched for differentially expressed genes in PI511890, while carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were specifically enriched in Payzawat. More than 1000 novel genes were identified and MAPK signalling pathway was specifically enriched for them in PI511890. There were 11 793 alternative splicing events involving in the defence response to GSB. Totally, 910 metabolites were identified in Payzawat and PI511890, and flavonoids were the dominant metabolites. Integrated full-length transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed eriodictyol and oxalic acid were the potential marker metabolites for GSB resistance in melon. Moreover, posttranscription regulation was widely involved in the defence response of melon to GSB pathogen infection. These results not only improve our understanding on the interaction between melon and GSB, but also facilitate the genetic improvement of melon with GSB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoying Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjuan Mo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghua Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqiong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongbing Zhang
- Hami-Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhou X, Obel HO, Liu S, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhuang Y. Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Variation in Eggplant Fruit of Different Varieties Reveals Metabolites Important for Quality Traits. Foods 2023; 12:4383. [PMID: 38137187 PMCID: PMC10742729 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggplant is one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide and has been considered to have great antioxidant activity. However, little information is available about the primary metabolic composition of the nutritional values of eggplant. Using a widely targeted metabolome approach, the current study investigated primary metabolic variation in 13 eggplant varieties with different morphologies. A total of 503 primary metabolites (amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, organic acids, vitamin, saccharides, and alcohols) and 170 phenolic acids were detected, among which 211 metabolites were differently accumulated. Metabolic pathway analysis of the differential metabolites revealed the significant enrichment of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. The higher levels of amino acids and lipids were related to the umami, soft, and waxy taste of eggplant fruit. The present work substantially contributes to the knowledge of primary metabolite compositions regarding fruit-eating quality and provides useful information for the future breeding of eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhou
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (X.Z.); (H.O.O.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hesbon Ochieng Obel
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (X.Z.); (H.O.O.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Songyu Liu
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (X.Z.); (H.O.O.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (X.Z.); (H.O.O.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (X.Z.); (H.O.O.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (X.Z.); (H.O.O.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China
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Wu X, Luo D, Zhang Y, Jin L, Crabbe MJC, Qiao Q, Li G, Zhang T. Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals the potential mechanism of fruit flavor formation in wild hawthorn ( Crataegus chungtienensis). PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:590-600. [PMID: 37936817 PMCID: PMC10625895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Hawthorns are important medicinal and edible plants with a long history of health protection in China. Besides cultivated hawthorn, other wild hawthorns may also have excellent medicinal and edible value, such as Crataeguschungtienensis, an endemic species distributed in the Southwest of China. In this study, by integrating the flavor-related metabolome and transcriptome data of the ripening fruit of C. chungtienensis, we have developed an understanding of the formation of hawthorn fruit quality. The results show that a total of 849 metabolites were detected in the young and mature fruit of C. chungtienensis, of which flavonoids were the most detected metabolites. Among the differentially accumulated metabolites, stachyose, maltotetraose and cis-aconitic acid were significantly increased during fruit ripening, and these may be important metabolites affecting fruit flavor change. Moreover, several flavonoids and terpenoids were reduced after fruit ripening compared with young fruit. Therefore, using the unripe fruit of C. chungtienensis may allow us to obtain more medicinal active ingredients such as flavonoids and terpenoids. Furthermore, we screened out some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to fruit quality formation, which had important relationships with differentially accumulated sugars, acids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Our study provides new insights into flavor formation in wild hawthorn during fruit development and ripening, and at the same time this study lays the foundation for the improvement of hawthorn fruit flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xien Wu
- College of Chinese Material Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Dengli Luo
- College of Chinese Material Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yingmin Zhang
- College of Chinese Material Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Chinese Material Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - M. James C. Crabbe
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guodong Li
- College of Chinese Material Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ticao Zhang
- College of Chinese Material Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Aroor MS, Dadwal V, Joshi R, Gupta M. Metabolomic approach for phytochemical assessment of Murraya koenigii fruits during different maturity stages. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18688. [PMID: 37576304 PMCID: PMC10415817 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed metabolomic study was performed on various maturation stages of Murraya koenigii fruit pulps, seed, and leaf. Among the fruit pulps, stage 6 had the highest TPC (13.27 mg/g of GAE) and TFC content (6.16 mg/g RE). The extracts also showed promising free radical scavenging activity, especially in the seed (IC50DPPH 427 μg/mL). Metabolomics study revealed the identification of 133 metabolites in fruit pulps, seeds and leaves using the METLIN database. In silico PASS software analysis predicted the antimutagenic property of myricetin and bismurrayaquinone A. Pathway analysis revealed the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway as one of the major pathways present in the fruit pulps. This detailed metabolic report of M. koenigii fruit maturation report brings a new insight into phytochemicals and their distribution in seed, pulps and leaves along with nutritive values and can be considered for nutritive and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj S. Aroor
- Food and Nutraceutical Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Dadwal
- Food and Nutraceutical Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mahesh Gupta
- Food and Nutraceutical Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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Yang L, Chen Y, Wang M, Hou H, Li S, Guan L, Yang H, Wang W, Hong L. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the effects of grafting on blood orange quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1169220. [PMID: 37360739 PMCID: PMC10286243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1169220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Blood orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a valuable source of nutrition because it is enriched in anthocyanins and has high organoleptic properties. Grafting is commonly used in citriculture and has crucial effects on various phenotypes of the blood orange, including its coloration, phenology, and biotic and abiotic resistance. Still, the underlying genetics and regulatory mechanisms are largely unexplored. Methods In this study, we investigated the phenotypic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic profiles at eight developmental stages of the lido blood orange cultivar (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Lido) grafted onto two rootstocks. Results and discussion The Trifoliate orange rootstock provided the best fruit quality and flesh color for Lido blood orange. Comparative metabolomics suggested significant differences in accumulation patterns of metabolites and we identified 295 differentially accumulated metabolites. The major contributors were flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and coumarins, and terpenoids. Moreover, transcriptome profiling resulted in the identification of 4179 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 54 DEGs were associated with flavonoids and anthocyanins. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified major genes associated to 16 anthocyanins. Furthermore, seven transcription factors (C2H2, GANT, MYB-related, AP2/ERF, NAC, bZIP, and MYB) and five genes associated with anthocyanin synthesis pathway (CHS, F3H, UFGT, and ANS) were identified as key modulators of the anthocyanin content in lido blood orange. Overall, our results revealed the impact of rootstock on the global transcriptome and metabolome in relation to fruit quality in lido blood orange. The identified key genes and metabolites can be further utilized for the quality improvement of blood orange varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huifang Hou
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Guan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijian Yang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Hong
- Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Huang C, Sun P, Yu S, Fu G, Deng Q, Wang Z, Cheng S. Analysis of Volatile Aroma Components and Regulatory Genes in Different Kinds and Development Stages of Pepper Fruits Based on Non-Targeted Metabolome Combined with Transcriptome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097901. [PMID: 37175606 PMCID: PMC10178352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroma is a crucial attribute affecting the quality of pepper and its processed products, which has significant commercial value. However, little is known about the composition of volatile aroma compounds (VACs) in pepper fruits and their potential molecular regulatory mechanisms. In this study, HS-SPME-GC-MS combined with transcriptome sequencing is used to analyze the composition and formation mechanism of VACs in different kinds and development stages of pepper fruits. The results showed that 149 VACs, such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and terpenoids, were identified from 4 varieties and 3 development stages, and there were significant quantitative differences among different samples. Volatile esters were the most important aroma components in pepper fruits. PCA analysis showed that pepper fruits of different developmental stages had significantly different marker aroma compounds, which may be an important provider of pepper's characteristic aroma. Transcriptome analysis showed that many differential genes (DEGs) were enriched in the metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of VACs, such as fatty acids, amino acids, MVA, and MEP in pepper fruits. In addition, we identified a large number of differential transcription factors (TFs) that may regulate the synthesis of VACs. Combined analysis of differential aroma metabolites and DEGs identified two co-expression network modules highly correlated with the relative content of VACs in pepper fruit. This study confirmed the basic information on the changes of VACs in the fruits of several Chinese spicy peppers at different stages of development, screened out the characteristic aroma components of different varieties, and revealed the molecular mechanism of aroma formation, providing a valuable reference for the quality breeding of pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Huang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peixia Sun
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Genying Fu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shanhan Cheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Wang C, Zhou J, Zhang S, Gao X, Yang Y, Hou J, Chen G, Tang X, Wu J, Yuan L. Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Elucidates Sugar Accumulation in Wucai ( Brassica campestris L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054816. [PMID: 36902245 PMCID: PMC10003340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wucai (Brassica campestris L.) is a leafy vegetable that originated in China, its soluble sugars accumulate significantly to improve taste quality during maturation, and it is widely accepted by consumers. In this study, we investigated the soluble sugar content at different developmental stages. Two periods including 34 days after planting (DAP) and 46 DAP, which represent the period prior to and after sugar accumulation, respectively, were selected for metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were mainly enriched in the pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. By orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant s-plot (OPLS-DA S-plot) and MetaboAnalyst analyses, D-galactose and β-D-glucose were identified as the major components of sugar accumulation in wucai. Combined with the transcriptome, the pathway of sugar accumulation and the interact network between 26 DEGs and the two sugars were mapped. CWINV4, CEL1, BGLU16, and BraA03g023380.3C had positive correlations with the accumulation of sugar accumulation in wucai. The lower expression of BraA06g003260.3C, BraA08g002960.3C, BraA05g019040.3C, and BraA05g027230.3C promoted sugar accumulation during the ripening of wucai. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying sugar accumulation during commodity maturity, providing a basis for the breeding of sugar-rich wucai cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xun Gao
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yitao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0551-65786212
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Gong C, Lu X, Zhu H, Anees M, He N, Liu W. Genome-wide association study provides genetic insights into natural variation in watermelon rind thickness and single fruit weight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1074145. [PMID: 36561452 PMCID: PMC9763438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rind thickness and fruit weight are agronomic traits closely related to quality and yield, which have attracted much attention from consumers and breeders. However, the genetic mechanism of these two traits is still not well understood in natural populations. In this study, rind thickness and single fruit weight in 151 watermelon accessions were determined in 2019 and 2020, and genome-wide association analysis was performed by integrating phenotypic and genotype data. Abundant phenotypic variation was found in the test population, and the watermelon with thinner rind thickness tended to have smaller fruit weights. Five significant SNPs were closely associated with rind thickness on chromosome 2 by Genome-wide association study (GWAS), i.e., 32344170, 32321308, 32304738, 32328501, and 32311192. And there were 21 genes were annotated in the candidate interval, most notably, Cla97C02G044160 belonged to the MADS family, and part of the genes in this family played an important role in regulating organ size, further analysis of gene structure, gene expression level, and phylogenetic tree showed that Cla97C02G044160 was a candidate gene for regulating target traits. In conclusion, our study provides molecular insights into the natural variation of watermelon rind thickness and single fruit weight, meanwhile, providing data support for molecular marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Gong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Anees
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Shen B, Zhang Z, Shi Q, Du J, Xue Q, Li X. Active compound analysis of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao in different developmental stages using metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:14-23. [PMID: 36030619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a popular fruit with health benefits ascribed to its various metabolites. These metabolites determine the flavors and bioactivities of the fruit, as well as their desirability. However, the dynamics of the metabolite composition and the underlying gene expression that modulate the overall flavor and accumulation of active ingredients during fruit development remain largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic investigation covering various developmental stages in the jujube cultivar Z. jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao, which is famous for its nutritional and bioactive properties. A total of 407 metabolites were detected by non-targeted metabolomics. Metabolite accumulation during different jujube developmental stages was examined. Most nucleotides and amino acids and their derivatives accumulated during development, with cAMP increasing notably during ripening. Triterpenes gradually accumulated and were maintained at high concentrations during ripening. Many flavonoids were maintained at relatively high levels in early development, but then rapidly decreased later. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavonol synthase (FLS), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) were mainly responsible for regulating the accumulation of flavonoids. Therefore, the extensive downregulation of these genes was probably responsible for the decreases in flavonoid content during fruit ripening. This study provide an overview of changes of active components in 'Jinsixiaozao' during development and ripening. These findings enhance our understanding of flavor formation and will facilitate jujube breeding for improving both nutrition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Shen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangtao Du
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingtun Xue
- Forestry WorkStation of Weinan City, Weinan, 714000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Research Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Lu D, Zhang L, Wu Y, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Liu P. An integrated metabolome and transcriptome approach reveals the fruit flavor and regulatory network during jujube fruit development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952698. [PMID: 36212371 PMCID: PMC9537746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fruit flavor is a key economic value attribute of jujube. Here we compared metabolomes and transcriptomes of "Mazao" (ST) and "Ping'anhuluzao" (HK) with unique flavors during fruit development. We identified 437 differential metabolites, mainly sugars, acids, and lipids. Fructose, glucose, mannose and citric acid, and malic acid are the determinants of sugar and acid taste of jujube fruit. Based on the transcriptome, 16,245 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were involved in "glucosyltransferase activity," "lipid binding," and "anion transmembrane transporter activity" processes. Both transcriptome and metabolome showed that developmental stages 2 and 3 were important transition periods for jujube maturation. Based on WGCNA and gene-metabolite correlation analysis, modules, and transcription factors (ZjHAP3, ZjTCP14, and ZjMYB78) highly related to sugar and acid were identified. Our results provide new insights into the mechanism of sugar and acid accumulation in jujube fruit and provide clues for the development of jujube with a unique flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongye Lu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Pan
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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12
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Liu R, Deng Y, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yu S, Nie Y, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Diao J. Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Potential Mechanism of the Enantioselective Effect of Chiral Penthiopyrad on Tomato Fruit Flavor Quality. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10872-10885. [PMID: 36006413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the enantioselective effects of S-, R-, and rac-penthiopyrad (PEN) on the flavor quality of tomato fruit through the levels of sugars, acids, volatiles, and nutrients and explored the potential mechanism by combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome. The results revealed that the S-enantiomer increased the content of soluble sugars while decreasing the content of organic acids, thereby increasing the taste of tomato fruit. Furthermore, S-(+)-PEN promoted the accumulation of volatile compounds and nutrients (total phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C). Transcriptome and metabolome data showed that the S-enantiomer improved fruit flavor and quality by influencing metabolites and genes in glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, the citrate cycle, and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. However, R-(-)-PEN had a negative effect on tomato flavor. The effect of the racemate on fruit flavor quality was between a pair of enantiomers. The comprehensive data of PEN enantiomers will provide theoretical support for the application of PEN in tomatoes. Thus, developing enantiopure S-(+)-PEN products might be more conducive to the flavor and quality of the tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Simin Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufan Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Integration of transcriptomic and metabonomic reveals molecular differences of sweetness and aroma between postharvest and vine ripened tomato fruit. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Wang AH, Ma HY, Zhang BH, Mo CY, Li EH, Li F. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Formation of the Peach-like Aroma of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. Fruits. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071285. [PMID: 35886068 PMCID: PMC9318527 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. is a wild diploid strawberry species. The intense peach-like aroma of its fruits makes F. nilgerrensis an excellent resource for strawberry breeding programs aimed at enhancing flavors. However, the formation of the peach-like aroma of strawberry fruits has not been comprehensively characterized. In this study, fruit metabolome and transcriptome datasets for F. nilgerrensis (HA; peach-like aroma) and its interspecific hybrids PA (peach-like aroma) and NA (no peach-like aroma; control) were compared. In total, 150 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected. The K-means analysis revealed that esters/lactones, including acetic acid, octyl ester, δ-octalactone, and δ-decalactone, were more abundant in HA and PA than in NA. These metabolites may be important for the formation of the peach-like aroma of F. nilgerrensis fruits. The significantly enriched gene ontology terms assigned to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were fatty acid metabolic process and fatty acid biosynthetic process. Twenty-seven DEGs were predicted to be associated with ester and lactone biosynthesis, including AAT, LOX, AOS, FAD, AIM1, EH, FAH, ADH, and cytochrome P450 subfamily genes. Thirty-five transcription factor genes were predicted to be associated with aroma formation, including bHLH, MYB, bZIP, NAC, AP2, GATA, and TCPfamily members. Moreover, we identified differentially expressed FAD, AOS, and cytochrome P450 family genes and NAC, MYB, and AP2 transcription factor genes that were correlated with δ-octalactone and δ-decalactone. These findings provide key insights into the formation of the peach-like aroma of F. nilgerrensis fruits, with implications for the increased use of wild strawberry resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Wang
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234099, China
| | - Hong-Ye Ma
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Bao-Hui Zhang
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
| | - Chuan-Yuan Mo
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
| | - En-Hong Li
- Guizhou Seed Management Station, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Fei Li
- Horticulture Institute (Guizhou Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center), Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; (A.-H.W.); (H.-Y.M.); (B.-H.Z.); (C.-Y.M.)
- Correspondence: author:
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15
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Hu H, Fei X, He B, Chen X, Ma L, Han P, Luo Y, Liu Y, Wei A. UPLC-MS/MS Profile Combined With RNA-Seq Reveals the Amino Acid Metabolism in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Leaves Under Drought Stress. Front Nutr 2022; 9:921742. [PMID: 35873434 PMCID: PMC9301252 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves have a unique taste and incomparable nutritional value and hence are popular as a food item and traditional medicine in China. However, the studies on the metabolites in Z. bungeanum leaves are quite limited, especially for amino acids. Therefore, this study explored the amino acid component in Z. bungeanum leaves and also the accumulation mechanism under drought stress in two Z. bungeanum cultivars using the widely targeted metabolome combined with transcriptome analysis. A total of 56 amino acids and their derivatives were identified in Z. bungeanum leaves, including eight essential amino acids. The total amino acid content with most individual amino acids increased under progressive drought stress. More differentially accumulated amino acids (DAAs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in FJ (Z. bungeanum cv. ‘Fengjiao’) than in HJ (Z. bungeanum cv. ‘Hanjiao’). The orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis identified nine and seven indicator DAAs in FJ and HJ leaves, respectively. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that the green module was significantly correlated with most indicator DAAs and revealed the important role of FBA3, DELTA-OAT, PROC, and 15 transcription factor genes in regulating the amino acid synthesis. Furthermore, the correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) identified four candidate synthesis genes (ASNS, AK, ASPS, and PK) in amino acid biosynthesis pathway. This study provided useful information for the development of Z. bungeanum leaves in food and nutrition industry and also laid the foundations for future molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Hu
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, China
| | - Xitong Fei
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, China
| | - Beibei He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, China
| | - Peilin Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, China
| | - Yingli Luo
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, China
| | - Anzhi Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
- Research Centre for Engineering and Technology of Zanthoxylum State Forestry Administration, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Anzhi Wei,
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16
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Effect of Developmental Stages on Genes Involved in Middle and Downstream Pathway of Volatile Terpene Biosynthesis in Rose Petals. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071177. [PMID: 35885960 PMCID: PMC9320630 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are economically and ecologically important compounds, and they are vital constituents in rose flower fragrance and rose essential oil. The terpene synthase genes (TPSs), trans-prenyltransferases genes (TPTs), NUDX1 are involved in middle and downstream pathway of volatile terpene biosynthesis in rose flowers. We identified 7 complete RcTPTs, 49 complete RcTPSs, and 9 RcNUDX1 genes in the genome of Rosachinensis. During the flower opening process of butterfly rose (Rosachinensis ‘Mutabilis’, MU), nine RcTPSs expressed in the petals of opening MU flowers exhibited two main expression trends, namely high and low, in old and fresh petals. Five short-chain petal-expressed RcTPTs showed expression patterns corresponding to RcTPSs. Analysis of differential volatile terpenes and differential expressed genes indicated that higher emission of geraniol from old MU petals might be related to the RcGPPS expression. Comprehensive analysis of volatile emission, sequence structure, micro-synteny and gene expression suggested that RcTPS18 may encode (E,E)-α-farnesene synthase. These findings may be useful for elucidating the molecular mechanism of terpenoid metabolism in rose and are vital for future studies on terpene regulation.
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17
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Mashilo J, Shimelis H, Ngwepe RM, Thungo Z. Genetic Analysis of Fruit Quality Traits in Sweet Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus): A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:834696. [PMID: 35392511 PMCID: PMC8981301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.834696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit quality traits of sweet watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) are crucial for new product development and commercialization. Sweet watermelon fruit quality traits are affected by the compositions of phytochemical compounds, phytohormones, and fruit flesh firmness which are affected by genes, the growing environment and their interaction. These compositions determine fruit ripening, eating quality, and postharvest shelf-life. Knowledge of the genetic profile and analyses of quality traits in watermelon is vital to develop improved cultivars with enhanced nutritional compositions, consumer-preferred traits, and extended storage life. This review aims to present the opportunities and progress made on the genetic analysis of fruit quality traits in watermelon as a guide for quality breeding based on economic and end-user attributes. The first section of the review highlights the genetic mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of phytochemical compounds (i.e., sugars, carotenoids, amino acids, organic acids, and volatile compounds), phytohormones (i.e., ethylene and abscisic acid) and fruit flesh structural components (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin) elicited during watermelon fruit development and ripening. The second section pinpoints the progress on the development of molecular markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for phytochemical compounds, phytohormones and fruit quality attributes. The review presents gene-editing technology and innovations associated with fruit quality traits for selection and accelerated cultivar development. Finally, the paper discussed gene actions conditioning fruit ripening in citron watermelon (C. lanatus var. citroides [L. H. Bailey] Mansf. ex Greb.) as reference genetic resources to guide current and future breeding. Information presented in this review is useful for watermelon variety design, product profiling and development to serve the diverse value chains of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mashilo
- Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development Directorate, Crop Science Division, Towoomba Research Station, Bela-Bela, South Africa
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Mantlo Ngwepe
- Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development Directorate, Crop Science Division, Towoomba Research Station, Bela-Bela, South Africa
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Zamalotshwa Thungo
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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