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Chrysargyris A, Hajisolomou E, Xylia P, Tzortzakis N. Ammonium to total nitrogen ratio affects the purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) growth, nutritional, and antioxidant status. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21644. [PMID: 38027987 PMCID: PMC10661198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a widespread weed, which is greatly appreciated for its high nutritional value. The present work evaluated the effect of different ammonium/total nitrogen ratios (NH4/Total N: Nr 0.01-0.15) on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters, and nutrient accumulation in different plant parts of hydroponically grown purslane, under two growing seasons, spring and autumn. Young seedlings of purslane were transferred to a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system and they were exposed to different Nr levels. The pH and the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution were kept constant at 5.8 and 2.3 mS cm-1, respectively. After the end of the cultivation periods (19 days for spring and 22 days for autumn), a series of assessments (growth parameters, mineral content in different plant organs, antioxidant status of the plant, etc.) were done. Plant height, leaf number, root fresh weight and plant biomass revealed decreased trends at the higher NH4/total N ratios, especially during the autumn growing season. Total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity appeared increased at Nr ≤ 0.10 during both seasons (autumn and spring), revealing higher nitrogen accumulation rates and increased water and nutrient use efficiency. Purslane plants grown in Nr 0.05-0.10 revealed a less intense oxidative stress, with decreased lipid peroxidation levels that was the result of the activation of both enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid) antioxidant capacity of the plant. Increased Nr resulted in the accumulation of potassium, while calcium and magnesium levels in leaves were decreased. Additionally, the greater water use efficiency was measured for plants grown under Nr 0.01-0.05. Therefore, the recommended ammonium/total nitrogen ratio for purslane production of increased yield, improved nutritional value and efficient use of water and nitrogen sources is to employ Nr of 0.05, while additional care should be addressed during autumn periods as plants are subjected to greater impacts of the Nr ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Efraimia Hajisolomou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Panayiota Xylia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603, Limassol, Cyprus
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He J, Leng SY, Qin L. Growth, Physiology and Nutritional Quality of C 4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Aeroponically in Different Percentages of Artificial Seawater under Different Light-Emitting Diode Spectral Qualities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3214. [PMID: 37765377 PMCID: PMC10535323 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Edible halophyte Portulaca oleracea L., known as purslane, was grown in two percentages of artificial seawater (ASW) under two combined red (R) and blue (B) LED spectra. High salinity (40% ASW) negatively affected shoot productivity and leaf growth of purslane compared to those grown in 10% ASW. Photosynthetic pigment and total reduced nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in purslane grown in 10% ASW than in 40% ASW. However, LED spectral quality did not markedly influence these parameters. Grown in 10% ASW under R/B 2.2, purslane had the highest maximum nitrate reductase activity, while those in 40% ASW under R/B 2.2 had the highest activation state. Under both light qualities, purslane had a sevenfold increase in proline concentration in 40% ASW than in 10% ASW. Total phenolic compounds' concentration was the highest in 10% ASW under R/B 0.9, while there were no significant differences in the accumulation of total soluble sugars and ascorbic acids among all plants. Antioxidant enzymes activities were lower in 40% ASW under R/B 2.2 compared to the other conditions. In conclusion, salinity affected the yield, physiology and nutritional quality of purslane. The impacts of LED spectral quality on purslane were only reflected by certain physiological and nutritional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore; (S.Y.L.); (L.Q.)
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Carrascosa A, Pascual JA, Ros M, Petropoulos SA, Alguacil MDM. Agronomical Practices and Management for Commercial Cultivation of Portulaca oleracea as a Crop: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1246. [PMID: 36986934 PMCID: PMC10058561 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil is an essential resource, and its degradation is challenging modern agriculture, while its impact is expected to increase in the near future. One of the strategies to address this issue is to incorporate new alternative crops able to tolerate arduous conditions, as well as for the use of sustainable agricultural practices in order to recover and/or improve soil health. Additionally, the increasing market for new functional/healthy natural foods promotes the search for potential alternative crop species with promising bioactive compounds content. For this purpose, wild edible plants are a key option because they have already been consumed for hundreds of years in traditional gastronomy and there is well-established evidence of their health-promoting effects. Moreover, since they are not a cultivated species, they are able to grow under natural conditions without human intervention. Among them, common purslane is an interesting wild edible species and a good candidate for integration in commercial farming systems. With worldwide spread, it is able to tolerate drought, salinity and heat stress and is already used in traditional dishes, while it is highly appreciated for its high nutritional value due to its bioactive compound content, especially omega-3 fatty acids. In this review, we aim to present the breeding and cultivation practices of purslane, as well as the effects of abiotic stressors on yield and chemical composition of the edible parts. Finally, we present information that helps to optimize purslane cultivation and facilitate its management in degraded soils for their exploitation in the existing farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Carrascosa
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Pascual
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Ros
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Maria del Mar Alguacil
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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He J, Gan JHS, Qin L. Productivity, photosynthetic light-use efficiency, nitrogen metabolism and nutritional quality of C 4 halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. grown indoors under different light intensities and durations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1106394. [PMID: 36875599 PMCID: PMC9975723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (known as purslane), is a nutritious facultative C4 halophyte. Recently, it has been successfully grown indoors under LED lightings by our team. However, basic understanding about the impacts of light on purslanes are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of light intensity and duration on productivity, photosynthetic light use efficiency, nitrogen metabolism and nutritional quality of indoor grown purslanes. All plants were grown in 10% artificial seawater hydroponically under different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) and durations and thus different daily light integrals (DLI). They are, L1 (240 µmol photon m-2 s-1, 12 h, DLI = 10.368 mol m-2 day-1); L2 (320 µmol photon m-2 s-1, 18 h, DLI = 20.736 mol m-2 day-1); L3 (240 µmol photon m-2 s-1, 24 h, DLI = 20.736 mol m-2 day-1); L4 (480 µmol photon m-2 s-1, 12 h, DLI = 20.736 mol m-2 day-1), respectively. Compared to L1, higher DLI promoted root and shoot growth and thus increased shoot productivity by 2.63-,1.96-, 3.83-folds, respectively for purslane grown under L2, L3, L4. However, under the same DLI, L3 plants (continuous light, CL) had significantly lower shoot and root productivities compared those with higher PPFDs but shorter durations (L2 and L4). While all plants had similar total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, CL (L3) plants had significantly lower light use efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio), electron transport rate, effective quantum yield of PSII, photochemical- and non-photochemical quenching. Compared to L1, higher DLI with higher PPFDs (L2 and L4) increased leaf maximum nitrate reductase activity while longer durations increased leaf NO 3 - concentrations and total reduced nitrogen. There were no significant differences in leaf total soluble protein, total soluble sugar and total ascorbic acid concentrations in both leaf and stem regardless of light conditions. However, L2 plants had the highest leaf proline concentration but leaf total phenolic compounds concentration was higher in L3 plants instead. Generally, L2 plants had the highest dietary minerals such as K, Ca, Mg and Fe among the four different light conditions. Overall, L2 condition is the most suitable lighting strategy in enhancing productivity and nutritional quality of purslane.
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Unravelling the Morphological, Physiological, and Phytochemical Responses in Centella asiatica L. Urban to Incremental Salinity Stress. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010061. [PMID: 36676010 PMCID: PMC9863369 DOI: 10.3390/life13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica L. as a traditional medicinal plant is popular in several Asian countries and characterized by the presence of phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavonoids. Soil salinity can affect the growth and phytochemical composition in this plant species. In this study, the effects of incremental soil salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl) on growth, physiological characteristics, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, including the antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica L., were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Salinity stress reduced growth, biomass production, and total chlorophyll contents, while increasing electrolyte leakage, Na+ and Cl- contents in the shoots and roots. With the increase of salt concentration, total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities were increased. The results showed that centella can tolerate saline conditions up to 100 mM NaCl. Na+ exclusion from the roots, and that increases of phytochemical content in the shoots were related to the salt tolerance of this species.
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Lu W, Wei G, Zhou B, Liu J, Zhang S, Guo J. A comparative analysis of photosynthetic function and reactive oxygen species metabolism responses in two hibiscus cultivars under saline conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 184:87-97. [PMID: 35636335 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus Linn.) is considered to be an important flowering shrub in Asia, and has high medicinal value. However, there are few studies on its cultivation and application in salinity soils. To understand the photosynthetic adaptive strategies employed by hibiscus to deal with saline conditions, the potential tolerant [H. syriacus 'Duede Brabaul' (DB)] and sensitive [H. syriacus 'Blueberry Smoothie' (BS)] cultivars were grown under 0-200 mM NaCl concentrations followed by a comprehensive assessment of their photosynthetic function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. NaCl treatment significantly reduced the chlorophyll content of the two hibiscus cultivars, and the photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity of the hibiscus leaves decreased, which was a result of stomatal and nonstomatal limiting factors. With the extension of NaCl stress days, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) can be significantly increased, which can effectively activate the nonradiant heat energy dissipation mechanism to release excess excitation energy to reduce the damage from the stressful environment and protect itself. Moreover, DB showed high antioxidant activities of reduced glutathione, and lower accumulation of ROS compared to BS. Taken together, this work suggests that the greater oxidative damage of the sensitive cultivar BS leaves is an important reason for its higher degree of photoinhibition to PSII than those of the tolerant cultivar DB leaves under NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinying Liu
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuyong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Shandong Provincial Research Center of Demonstration Engineering Technology for Urban and Rural Landscape, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Hassanpouraghdam MB, Vojodi Mehrabani L, Bonabian Z, Aazami MA, Rasouli F, Feldo M, Strzemski M, Dresler S. Foliar Application of Cerium Oxide-Salicylic Acid Nanoparticles (CeO 2:SA Nanoparticles) Influences the Growth and Physiological Responses of Portulaca oleracea L. under Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095093. [PMID: 35563484 PMCID: PMC9100700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid (100 μM), cerium oxide (50 mg L−1), and cerium oxide:salicylic acid nanoparticles (CeO2: SA-nanoparticles, 50 mg L−1 + 100 μM) on the growth and physiological responses of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) were examined in non-saline and saline conditions (50 and 100 mM NaCl salinity). Foliar applications mitigated salinity-induced adverse effects, and the highest plant height and N, P, Mg, and Mn content were recorded in the variant with non-saline × foliar use of CeO2: SA-nanoparticles. The highest values of fresh and dry weight were noted in the treatment with no-salinity × foliar use of CeO2:SA-nanoparticles. The highest number of sub-branches was observed in the foliar treatments with CeO2-nanoparticles and CeO2:SA-nanoparticles without salinity stress, while the lowest number was noted in the 100 mM NaCl treatment. Moreover, the foliar application of CeO2:SA-nanoparticles and cerium-oxide nanoparticles improved the total soluble solid content, K, Fe, Zn, Ca, chlorophyll a, and oil yield in the plants. The salinity of 0 and 50 mM increased the K content, 1000-seed weight, total soluble solid content, and chlorophyll b content. The use of 100 mM NaCl with no-foliar spray increased the malondialdehyde, Na, and H2O2 content and the Na+/K+ ratio. No-salinity and 50 mM NaCl × CeO2: SA-nanoparticle interactions improved the anthocyanin content in plants. The phenolic content was influenced by NaCl100 and the foliar use of CeO2:SA-nanoparticles. The study revealed that the foliar treatment with CeO2:SA-nanoparticles alleviated the side effects of salinity by improving the physiological responses and growth-related traits of purslane plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran; (M.A.A.); (F.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-9145027100
| | - Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53751-71379, Iran; (L.V.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zahra Bonabian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53751-71379, Iran; (L.V.M.); (Z.B.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Aazami
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran; (M.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Farzad Rasouli
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran; (M.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (S.D.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Yan D, Song F, Li Z, Sharma A, Xie X, Wu T, Wang X, He Y, Chen J, Huang Q, Zhao L, Wu R, Niu S, Yuan H, Zheng B. Application of titanium regulates the functional components of photosynthetic apparatus in grafted seedlings of Carya cathayensis Sarg. under shade. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133301. [PMID: 34914960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light acts as a key environmental factor for normal growth and development of plants. Carya cathayensis Sarg. (hickory) faces low light conditions, especially those caused by cloudy or rainy days during the rapid growth period, which has caused adverse effects on its growth. In the current investigation, to alleviate the adverse effects of insufficient light on the cultivation of hickory, anti-hydrolyze stabilized ionic titanium (ASIT) was sprayed on the leaves of the three kinds of grafted seedlings and the non-grafted seedlings of hickory grown under different shade conditions. Results showed that the leaf mass per area and chlorophyll content of grafted hickory seedlings were increased after ASIT application. Rubisco content and photosynthetic rate (Pn) of seedlings grown under shading conditions were positively affected by ASIT treatment, especially on the 45th day of treatment, while the interaction effects of the two parameters between ASIT application and different shade treatments were significant. Titanium accumulation was the highest in roots, followed by leaves, and then in stems, while ASIT had the most significant effects on roots and leaves under 50 ± 5% shade. Severe shading inhibited growth and lead to serious destruction of chloroplast ultrastructure. In addition, the role of ASIT was rootstock-dependent, since ASIT had the weakest mitigation effect on the C/H grafted seedlings. To sum up, the application of ASIT to the grafted seedlings of hickory could improve its ability to resist shade stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jiabao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Center for Statistical Genetics, Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistic, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shihui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Biological and Agronomic Traits of the Main Halophytes Widespread in the Mediterranean Region as Potential New Vegetable Crops. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the oldest and most serious environmental problems in the world. The increasingly widespread salinization of soils and water resources represents a growing threat to agriculture around the world. A strategy to cope with this problem is to cultivate salt-tolerant crops and, therefore, it is necessary to identify plant species that are naturally adapted to high-salinity conditions. In this review, we focus our attention on some plant species that can be considered among the most representative halophytes of the Mediterranean region; they can be potential resources, such as new or relatively new vegetable crops, to produce raw or minimally processed (or ready-to-eat) products, considering their nutritional properties and nutraceuticals. The main biological and agronomic characteristics of these species and the potential health risks due to mycotoxigenic fungi have been analyzed and summarized in a dedicated section. The objective of this review is to illustrate the main biological and agronomical characteristics of the most common halophytic species in the Mediterranean area, which could expand the range of leafy vegetables on the market.
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He J, Ng OWJ, Qin L. Salinity and Salt-Priming Impact on Growth, Photosynthetic Performance, and Nutritional Quality of Edible Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030332. [PMID: 35161313 PMCID: PMC8838379 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. is a nutritious edible facultative halophyte. This study aimed to investigate the physiology and quality of M. crystallinum L. grown under different salinities and salt-priming conditions. All plants were first grown in 10% artificial seawater (ASW) for 10 days. After that, some plants remained in 10% ASW while the others were transferred to 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% ASW for another 10 days. Some plants also underwent a salt priming by transferring them gradually from 10% to 100% ASW over a span of 10 days (defined as salt primed). All plants were green and healthy. However, there were reductions in shoot and root productivity, leaf growth, and water content, but also an increase in leaf succulence after transferring plants to higher salinities. The salt-primed plants showed higher photosynthetic light use efficiency with higher chlorophyll concentration compared to other plants. The concentrations of proline, ascorbic acid (ASC), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) increased as percentages of ASW increased. The salt-primed plants switched from C3 to crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis and accumulated the greatest amounts of proline, ASC, and TPC. In conclusion, higher salinities and salt priming enhance the nutritional quality of M. crystallinum L. but compromises productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-67903817; Fax: +65-6896-9414
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Combined Effect of Salinity and LED Lights on the Yield and Quality of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Microgreens. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to explore the potential to improve quality of purslane microgreens by combining water salinity and LED lighting during their cultivation. Purslane plants were grown in a growth chamber with light insulated compartments, under different lighting sources on a 16 h d−1 photoperiod—fluorescent lamps (FL) and two LED treatments, including a red and blue (RB)) spectrum and a red, blue and far red (RB+IR) LED lights spectrum—while providing all of them a light intensity of 150 µmol m−2 s−1. Plants were exposed to two salinity treatments, by adding 0 or 80 mM NaCl. Biomass, cation and anions, total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids content (Car) and fatty acids were determined. The results showed that yield was increased by 21% both in RB and RB+FR lights compared to FL and in salinity compared to non-salinity conditions. The nitrate content was reduced by 81% and 91% when microgreens were grown under RB and RB+FR, respectively, as compared to FL light, and by 9.5% under saline conditions as compared with non-salinity conditions. The lowest oxalate contents were obtained with the combinations of RB or RB+FR lighting and salinity. The content of Cl and Na in the leaves were also reduced when microgreens were grown under RB and RB+FR lights under saline conditions. Microgreens grown under RB light reached the highest TPC, while salinity reduced TFC, Chl and Car. Finally, the fatty acid content was not affected by light or salinity, but these factors slightly influenced their composition. It is concluded that the use of RB and RB+FR lights in saline conditions is of potential use in purslane microgreens production, since it improves the yield and quality of the product, reducing the content of anti-nutritional compounds.
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He J, Qin L. Impacts of Reduced Nitrate Supply on Nitrogen Metabolism, Photosynthetic Light-Use Efficiency, and Nutritional Values of Edible Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:686910. [PMID: 34149787 PMCID: PMC8213338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.686910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant), as a nutritious ready-to-eat salad in Singapore, has become popular in recent years. However, basic data about the impacts of NO3 - supply on its NO3 - accumulation and nutritional quality are lacking. In this study, all plants were first grown indoor hydroponically in 10% artificial seawater (ASW) with modified full-strength Netherlands Standard Composition nutrient solution for 11 days, before transferring them to different reduced NO3 - solutions. All plants grew well and healthy after 7 days of treatment. However, plants grown with 3/4 N and 1/2 N were bigger with higher shoot and root fresh weight (FW), greater leaf number, and total leaf area (TLA) than those grown with full nitrogen (N), 1/4 N, and 0 N. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum grown with full N, 3/4 N, and 1/4 N had similar specific leaf area (SLA), while 0 N plants had significantly lower SLA. All plants had similar leaf succulence (LS). However, leaf water content (LWC) was lower, while leaf dry matter accumulation (LDMC) was higher in 0 N plants after 7 days of treatment. Compared with plants grown with full N, shoot NO3 - concentrations in 3/4 N, 1/2 N, and 1/4 N plants were constant or slightly increased during the treatments. For 0 N plants, shoot NO3 - concentration decreased significantly during the treatment compared with other plants. Shoot NO3 - accumulation was associated with nitrate reductase activity (NRA). For instance, after 7 days of treatment, shoot NO3 - concentration and NRA on a FW basis in 0 N plants were, respectively, 45 and 31% of full N plants. After transferring full N to 0 N for 7 days, all M. crystallinum had higher chlorophyll (Chl) content coupled with higher electron transport rate (ETR) and higher effective quantum yield of PSII, while full N plants had higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The 0N plants had much higher concentrations of proline, total soluble sugar (TSS), and total ascorbic acid (ASC) than other plants. In conclusion, totally withdrawing NO3 - from the growth media prior to harvest could be one of the strategies to reduce shoot NO3 - concentration. Reduced NO3 - supply further enhanced nutritional values as concentrations of proline, TSS, and ASC were enhanced markedly in M. crystallinum plants after transferring them from full N to 0 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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