1
|
Cabrera-Ariza AM, Silva-Flores P, González-Ortega M, Acevedo-Tapia M, Cartes-Rodríguez E, Palfner G, Ramos P, Santelices-Moya RE. Early Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum and Fertilizer on Morphological and Physiological Variables of Nursery-Grown Nothofagus alessandrii Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1521. [PMID: 37050147 PMCID: PMC10096678 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nothofagus alessandrii (ruil) is an endangered relict species, endemic to the Mediterranean area of Chile, and one of the most threatened trees in the country. Its natural distribution area has been greatly reduced by the effect of human activities; the remaining fragments are mostly intervened and highly deteriorated as a habitat and refuge for the associated biodiversity. In order to produce healthy and resistant nursery plants for recovery and restoration of N. alessandrii forests, this study evaluates the early effects of mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (MFI) combined with fertilization on the cultivation of seedlings. The experiment was established under a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of the mycorrhizal factors (M0 = without mycorrhizal, M1 = Thelephora sp. and M2 = Hebeloma sp.) and fertilization (F1 = standard fertilization and F2 = intensive fertilization), with three replicates of each combination, for each type of plant (P1 = plants from one season and P2 = plants from two seasons). Each experimental unit corresponded to a group of 20 plants, with 720 plants in the test. The results indicate that application of fertilizer and MFI significantly affects some growth and photosynthesis parameters of ruil plants in one and two seasons. The morphological parameters obtained in the study show shoot height values ranging between 67 and 91 cm for P1 and between 96 and 111 cm for P2; while, for shoot diameter, values ranged between 7.91 and 8.24 mm for P1 and between 10.91 and 11.49 mm for P2. Although formation of fully developed mycorrhizal roots was not observed during the assay period, we conclude that inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi combined with fertilization could be an efficient strategy to produce a quality plant, in addition to maintaining a high photosynthetic capacity and, therefore, a higher percentage of survival in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Cabrera-Ariza
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo del Secano Interior, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Patricia Silva-Flores
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo del Secano Interior, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Marta González-Ortega
- Centro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, Instituto Forestal Sede Biobío, Camino a Coronel Km 7.5, San Pedro de la Paz 4130000, Chile
| | - Manuel Acevedo-Tapia
- Centro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, Instituto Forestal Sede Biobío, Camino a Coronel Km 7.5, San Pedro de la Paz 4130000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Cartes-Rodríguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, Instituto Forestal Sede Biobío, Camino a Coronel Km 7.5, San Pedro de la Paz 4130000, Chile
| | - Götz Palfner
- Laboratorio de Micología y Micorriza, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Patricio Ramos
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo del Secano Interior, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Rómulo E. Santelices-Moya
- Centro de Desarrollo del Secano Interior, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, Talca 3460000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atala C, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Torres-Díaz C, Molina-Montenegro MA. Fungal endophytes improve the performance of host plants but do not eliminate the growth/defence trade-off. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:384-387. [PMID: 35546483 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Atala
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, 3420000, Chile
| | - Ian S Acuña-Rodríguez
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (BCG), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, 3780000, Chile
| | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, 3460000, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, 1780000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Popov VN, Syromyatnikov MY, Franceschi C, Moskalev AA, Krutovsky KV, Krutovsky KV. Genetic mechanisms of aging in plants: What can we learn from them? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101601. [PMID: 35278719 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plants hold all records in longevity. Their aging is a complex process. In the presented review, we analyzed published data on various aspects of plant aging with focus on any inferences that could shed a light on aging in animals and help to fight it in human. Plant aging can be caused by many factors, such as telomere depletion, genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, changes in intercellular interaction, desynchronosis, autophagy misregulation, epigenetic changes and others. Plants have developed a number of mechanisms to increase lifespan. Among these mechanisms are gene duplication ("genetic backup"), the active work of telomerases, abundance of meristematic cells, capacity of maintaining the meristems permanently active and continuous activity of phytohormones. Plant aging usually occurs throughout the whole perennial life, but could be also seasonal senescence. Study of causes for seasonal aging can also help to uncover the mechanisms of plant longevity. The influence of different factors such as microbiome communities, glycation, alternative oxidase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction on plant longevity was also reviewed. Adaptive mechanisms of long-lived plants are considered. Further comparative study of the mechanisms underlying longevity of plants is necessary. This will allow us to reach a potentially new level of understanding of the aging process of plants.
Collapse
|