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Marcellin-Gros R, Hévin S, Chevalley C, Boccard J, Hofstetter V, Gindro K, Wolfender JL, Kehrli P. An advanced metabolomic approach on grape skins untangles cultivar preferences by Drosophila suzukii for oviposition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1435943. [PMID: 39233914 PMCID: PMC11371706 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1435943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Insects' host preferences are regulated by multiple factors whose interactions are only partly understood. Here we make use of an in-depth, untargeted metabolomic approach combining molecular networking (MN) and supervised Analysis of variance Multiblock Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (AMOPLS) to untangle egg-laying preferences of Drosophila suzukii, an invasive, highly polyphagous and destructive fruit pest originating from Southeast Asia. Based on behavioural experiments in the laboratory as well as field observation, we selected eight genetically related Vitis vinifera cultivars (e.g., Ancellotta, Galotta, Gamaret, Gamay, Gamay précoce, Garanoir, Mara and Reichensteiner) exhibiting significant differences in their susceptibility toward D. suzukii. The two most and the two least attractive red cultivars were chosen for further metabolomic analyses of their grape skins. The combination of MN and statistical AMOPLS findings with semi-quantitative detection information enabled us to identify flavonoids as interesting markers for differences in the attractiveness of the four studied grape cultivars towards D. suzukii. Overall, dihydroflavonols were accumulated in unattractive grape cultivars, while attractive grape cultivars were richer in flavonols. Crucially, both dihydroflavonols and flavonols were abundant metabolites in the semi-quantitative analysis of the extracted molecules from the grape skin. We discuss how these two flavonoid classes might influence the egg-laying behaviour of D. suzukii females and how they could serve as potential markers for D. suzukii infestations in grapes that can be potentially extended to other fruits. We believe that our novel, integrated analytical approach could also be applied to the study of other biological relationships characterised by multiple evolving parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Marcellin-Gros
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Hévin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Division of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Clara Chevalley
- Research Division of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Katia Gindro
- Research Division of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Kehrli
- Research Division of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
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Borodich FM, Gao Z, Gorb EV, Gorb SN, Jin X. Wax Protrusions on Anti-Adhesive Plant Surfaces and Their Interactions with Insect Adhesive Pads: A Mechanical Interpretation. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:442. [PMID: 39056883 PMCID: PMC11274746 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect attachment devices enhance adhesion to complex-geometry substrates by increasing the real contact area. In nature, insects mainly interact with plant surfaces that are often covered by 3D wax structures. Here, we describe, discuss, and give a mechanical interpretation of plant waxes and the possible fracture mechanisms of these wax structures during their interactions with the adhesive pads of insects. It is argued that these plant surface microstructures significantly influence insect adhesion through reducing the contact area and contaminating the insect pads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feodor M. Borodich
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
| | - Zaida Gao
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
| | - Elena V. Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (E.V.G.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (E.V.G.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Xiaoqing Jin
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;
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Composition, metabolism and postharvest function and regulation of fruit cuticle: A review. Food Chem 2023; 411:135449. [PMID: 36669336 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle of plants, a hydrophobic membrane that covers their aerial organs, is crucial to their ability to withstand biotic and abiotic stressors. Fruit is the reproductive organ of plants, and an important dietary source that can offer a variety of nutrients for the human body, and fruit cuticle performs a crucial protective role in fruit development and postharvest quality. This review discusses the universality and diversity of the fruit cuticle composition, and systematically summarizes the metabolic process of fruit cuticle, including the biosynthesis, transport and regulatory factors (including transcription factors, phytohormones and environmental elements) of fruit cuticle. Additionally, we emphasize the postharvest functions and postharvest regulatory technologies of fruit cuticle, and propose future research directions for fruit cuticle.
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Herzog K, Schwander F, Kassemeyer HH, Bieler E, Dürrenberger M, Trapp O, Töpfer R. Towards Sensor-Based Phenotyping of Physical Barriers of Grapes to Improve Resilience to Botrytis Bunch Rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:808365. [PMID: 35222454 PMCID: PMC8866247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis bunch rot is one of the economically most important fungal diseases in viticulture (aside from powdery mildew and downy mildew). So far, no active defense mechanisms and resistance loci against the necrotrophic pathogen are known. Since long, breeders are mostly selecting phenotypically for loose grape bunches, which is recently the most evident trait to decrease the infection risk of Botrytis bunch rot. This study focused on plant phenomics of multiple traits by applying fast sensor technologies to measure berry impedance (Z REL ), berry texture, and 3D bunch architecture. As references, microscopic determined cuticle thickness (MS CT ) and infestation of grapes with Botrytis bunch rot were used. Z REL hereby is correlated to grape bunch density OIV204 (r = -0.6), cuticle thickness of berries (r = 0.61), mean berry diameter (r = -0.63), and Botrytis bunch rot (r = -0.7). However, no correlation between Z REL and berry maturity or berry texture was observed. In comparison to the category of traditional varieties (mostly susceptible), elite breeding lines show an impressive increased Z REL value (+317) and a 1-μm thicker berry cuticle. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on LGs 2, 6, 11, 15, and 16 were identified for Z REL and berry texture explaining a phenotypic variance of between 3 and 10.9%. These QTLs providing a starting point for the development of molecular markers. Modeling of Z REL and berry texture to predict Botrytis bunch rot resilience revealed McFadden R 2 = 0.99. Taken together, this study shows that in addition to loose grape bunch architecture, berry diameter, Z REL , and berry texture values are probably additional parameters that could be used to identify and select Botrytis-resilient wine grape varieties. Furthermore, grapevine breeding will benefit from these reliable methodologies permitting high-throughput screening for additional resilience traits of mechanical and physical barriers to Botrytis bunch rot. The findings might also be applicable to table grapes and other fruit crops like tomato or blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Herzog
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, Siebeldingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katja Herzog,
| | - Florian Schwander
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Heinz Kassemeyer
- Plant Pathology & Diagnostic, State Institute for Viticulture and Enology Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Plant Biomechanics Group & Botanic Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evi Bieler
- Nano Imaging Lab, Swiss Nano Science Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Dürrenberger
- Nano Imaging Lab, Swiss Nano Science Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Töpfer
- Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institut, Siebeldingen, Germany
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