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Pisuttu C, Risoli S, Cotrozzi L, Nali C, Pellegrini E, Hoshika Y, Baesso Moura B, Paoletti E. Untangling the role of leaf age specific osmoprotectant and antioxidant responses of two poplar clones under increasing ozone concentrations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108450. [PMID: 38402800 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants possess different degrees of tolerance to abiotic stress, which can mitigate the detrimental effect of environmental inputs affecting carbon balance. Less is known about the functions of osmoprotectants in scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated at different sites depending on leaf age. This study aimed to clarify the osmotic adjustments adopted by old and young leaves of Oxford and I-214 poplar clones [differing in ozone (O3) sensitivity] to cope with three levels of O3 [ambient (AA), and two elevated O3 levels]. In both clones, the impact of intermediate O3 concentrations (1.5 × AA) on ROS production appeared to be leaf age-specific, given the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) observed only in old leaves of the Oxford plants and in young leaves of the I-214 ones (2- fold higher than AA and +79%, respectively). The induction of an oxidative burst was associated with membrane injury, indicating an inadequate response of the antioxidative systems [decrease of lutein and β-carotene (-37 and -85% in the old leaves of the Oxford plants), accumulation of proline and tocopherols (+60 and +12% in the young leaves of the I-214 ones)]. Intermediate O3 concentrations reacted with unsaturated lipids of the plasma membrane in old and young leaves of the Oxford plants, leading to an increase of malondialdehyde by-products (more than 2- fold higher than AA), while no effect was recorded for I-214. The impact of the highest O3 concentrations (2.0 × AA) on ROS production did not appear clone-specific, which may react with cell wall components by leading to oxidative pressure. Outcomes demonstrated the ability of young leaves of I-214 plants in contain O3 phytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisuttu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Risoli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; University of School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Barbara Baesso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
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Günthardt-Goerg MS, Schläpfer R, Vollenweider P. Responses to Airborne Ozone and Soilborne Metal Pollution in Afforestation Plants with Different Life Forms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3011. [PMID: 37631222 PMCID: PMC10458031 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
With the current increases in environmental stress, understanding species-specific responses to multiple stress agents is needed. This science is especially important for managing ecosystems that are already confronted with considerable pollution. In this study, responses to ozone (O3, ambient daily course values + 20 ppb) and mixed metal contamination in soils (MC, cadmium/copper/lead/zinc = 25/1100/2500/1600 mg kg-1), separately and in combination, were evaluated for three plant species (Picea abies, Acer pseudoplatanus, Tanacetum vulgare) with different life forms and ecological strategies. The two treatments elicited similar stress reactions, as shown by leaf functional traits, gas exchange, tannin, and nutrient markers, irrespective of the plant species and life form, whereas the reactions to the treatments differed in magnitude. Visible and microscopic injuries at the organ or cell level appeared along the penetration route of ozone and metal contamination. At the whole plant level, the MC treatment caused more severe injuries than the O3 treatment and few interactions were observed between the two stress factors. Picea trees, with a slow-return strategy, showed the highest stress tolerance in apparent relation to an enhancement of conservative traits and an exclusion of stress agents. The ruderal and more acquisitive Tanacetum forbs translocated large amounts of contaminants above ground, which may be of concern in a phytostabilisation context. The deciduous Acer trees-also with an acquisitive strategy-were most sensitive to both stress factors. Hence, species with slow-return strategies may be of particular interest for managing metal-polluted sites in the current context of multiple stressors and for safely confining soil contaminants below ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S. Günthardt-Goerg
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;
| | - Rodolphe Schläpfer
- EPFL ENAC IIE Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, GR B2 407 Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;
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Ante- and post-mortem cellular injury dynamics in hybrid poplar foliage as a function of phytotoxic O3 dose. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282006. [PMID: 36857351 PMCID: PMC9977006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
After reaching phytotoxic levels during the last century, tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution is likely to remain a major concern in the coming decades. Despite similar injury processes, there is astounding interspecific-and sometimes intraspecific-foliar symptom variability, which may be related to spatial and temporal variation in injury dynamics. After characterizing the dynamics of physiological responses and O3 injury in the foliage of hybrid poplar in an earlier study, here we investigated the dynamics of changes in the cell structure occurring in the mesophyll as a function of O3 treatment, time, phytotoxic O3 dose (POD0), leaf developmental stage, and mesophyll layer. While the number of Hypersensitive Response-like (HR-like) lesions increased with higher O3 concentrations and POD0, especially in older leaves, most structural HR-like markers developed after cell death, independent of the experimental factors. The pace of degenerative Accelerated Cell Senescence (ACS) responses depended closely on the O3 concentration and POD0, in interaction with leaf age. Changes in total chlorophyll content, plastoglobuli and chloroplast shape pointed to thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts as being especially sensitive to O3 stress. Hence, our study demonstrates that early HR-like markers can provide reasonably specific, sensitive and reliable quantitative structural estimates of O3 stress for e.g. risk assessment studies, especially if they are associated with degenerative and thylakoid-related injury in chloroplasts from mesophyll.
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Moura BB, Bolsoni VP, de Paula MD, Dias GM, de Souza SR. Ozone Impact on Emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Three Tropical Tree Species From the Atlantic Forest Remnants in Southeast Brazil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:879039. [PMID: 35812949 PMCID: PMC9263830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants emit a broad number of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) that can impact urban ozone (O3) production. Conversely, the O3 is a phytotoxic pollutant that causes unknown alterations in BVOC emissions from native plants. In this sense, here, we characterized the constitutive and O3-induced BVOCs for two (2dO3) and four (4dO3) days of exposure (O3 dose 80 ppb) and evaluated the O3 response by histochemical techniques to detect programmed cell death (PCD) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in three Brazilian native species. Croton floribundus Spreng, Astronium graveolens Jacq, and Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) JF Macbr, from different groups of ecological succession (acquisitive and conservative), different carbon-saving defense strategies, and specific BVOC emissions. The three species emitted a very diverse BVOC composition: monoterpenes (MON), sesquiterpenes (SEQ), green leaf volatiles (GLV), and other compounds (OTC). C. floribundus is more acquisitive than A. graveolens. Their most representative BVOCs were methyl salicylate-MeSA (OTC), (Z) 3-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenal (GLV), γ-elemene and (-)-β-bourbonene (SEQ) β-phellandrene and D-limonene (MON), while in A. graveolens were nonanal and decanal (OTC), and α-pinene (MON). Piptadenia gonoachanta is more conservative, and the BVOC blend was limited to MeSA (OTC), (E)-2-hexenal (GLV), and β-Phellandrene (MON). The O3 affected BVOCs and histochemical traits of the three species in different ways. Croton floribundus was the most O3 tolerant species and considered as an SEQ emitter. It efficiently reacted to O3 stress after 2dO3, verified by a high alteration of BVOC emission, the emergence of the compounds such as α-Ionone and trans-ß-Ionone, and the absence of H2O2 detection. On the contrary, A. graveolens, a MON-emitter, was affected by 2dO3 and 4dO3, showing increasing emissions of α-pinene and β-myrcene, (MON), γ-muurolene and β-cadinene (SEQ) and H2O2 accumulation. Piptadenia gonoachanta was the most sensitive and did not respond to BVOCs emission, but PCD and H2O2 were highly evidenced. Our results indicate that the BVOC blend emission, combined with histochemical observations, is a powerful tool to confirm the species' tolerance to O3. Furthermore, our findings suggest that BVOC emission is a trade-off associated with different resource strategies of species indicated by the changes in the quality and quantity of BVOC emission for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Vanessa Palermo Bolsoni
- Núcleo de Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Dias de Paula
- Núcleo de Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Muniz Dias
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Silvia Ribeiro de Souza
- Núcleo de Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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