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Lombardi R, Ramsey JS, Mahoney JE, MacCoss MJ, Heck ML, Slupsky CM. Longitudinal Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Metabolomic Response of Citrus sinensis to Diaphorina citri Inoculation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2857-2869. [PMID: 38373055 PMCID: PMC11301674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a fatal citrus disease that is currently threatening citrus varieties worldwide. One putative causative agent, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), is vectored by Diaphorina citri, known as the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). Understanding the details of CLas infection in HLB disease has been hindered by its Candidatus nature and the inability to confidently detect it in diseased trees during the asymptomatic stage. To identify early changes in citrus metabolism in response to inoculation of CLas using its natural psyllid vector, leaves from Madam Vinous sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) trees were exposed to CLas-positive ACP or CLas-negative ACP and longitudinally analyzed using transcriptomics (RNA sequencing), proteomics (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; data available in Dryad: 10.25338/B83H1Z), and metabolomics (proton nuclear magnetic resonance). At 4 weeks postexposure (wpe) to psyllids, the initial HLB plant response was primarily to the ACP and, to a lesser extent, the presence or absence of CLas. Additionally, analysis of 4, 8, 12, and 16 wpe identified 17 genes and one protein as consistently differentially expressed between leaves exposed to CLas-positive ACP versus CLas-negative ACP. This study informs identification of early detection molecular targets and contributes to a broader understanding of vector-transmitted plant pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel
L. Lombardi
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, University
of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - John S. Ramsey
- Agricultural
Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens
Research Unit, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Jaclyn E. Mahoney
- Boyce
Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department
of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michelle L. Heck
- Agricultural
Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens
Research Unit, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
- Plant
Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative
Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, University
of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Liu C, Chang X, Li F, Yan Y, Zuo X, Huang G, Li R. Transcriptome analysis of Citrus sinensis reveals potential responsive events triggered by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:499-512. [PMID: 38092896 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), is a devastating immune-mediated disorder that has a detrimental effect on the citrus industry, with the distinguishing feature being an eruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study explored the alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity, transcriptome, and RNA editing events of organelles in C. sinensis during CLas infection. Results indicated that there were fluctuations in the performance of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in plants affected by HLB. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3604 genes with altered expression patterns between CLas-infected and healthy samples, including those associated with photosynthesis, biotic interactions, and phytohormones. Samples infected with CLas showed a decrease in the expression of most genes associated with photosynthesis and gibberellin metabolism. It was discovered that RNA editing frequency and the expression level of various genes in the chloroplast and mitochondrion genomes were affected by CLas infection. Our findings provide insights into the inhibition of photosynthesis, gibberellin metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes during CLas infection in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yana Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiru Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guiyan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Li Y, Ma R, Gao C, Li Z, Zheng Y, Fang F, Wang C, Li G, Du X, Xu C, Xu M, Liu R, Deng X, Zheng Z. Integrated bacterial transcriptome and host metabolome analysis reveals insights into " Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" population dynamics in the fruit pith of three citrus cultivars with different tolerance. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0405223. [PMID: 38440971 PMCID: PMC10986616 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04052-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), the causal agent of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), is able to multiply to a high abundance in citrus fruit pith. However, little is known about the biological processes and phytochemical substances that are vital for CLas colonization and growth in fruit pith. In this study, CLas-infected fruit pith of three citrus cultivars ("Shatangju" mandarin, "Guanxi" pomelo, and "Shatian" pomelo) exhibiting different tolerance to CLas were collected and used for dual RNA-Seq and untargeted metabolome analysis. Comparative transcriptome analysis found that the activation of the CLas noncyclic TCA pathway and pathogenic-related effectors could contribute to the colonization and growth of CLas in fruit pith. The pre-established Type 2 prophage in the CLas genome and the induction of its CRISPR/cas system could enhance the phage resistance of CLas and, in turn, facilitate CLas population growth in fruit pith. CLas infection caused the accumulation of amino acids that were correlated with tolerance to CLas. The accumulation of most sugars and organic acids in CLas-infected fruit pith, which could be due to the phloem blockage caused by CLas infection, was thought to be beneficial for CLas growth in localized phloem tissue. The higher levels of flavonoids and terpenoids in the fruit pith of CLas-tolerant cultivars, particularly those known for their antimicrobial properties, could hinder the growth of CLas. This study advances our understanding of CLas multiplication in fruit pith and offers novel insight into metabolites that could be responsible for tolerance to CLas or essential to CLas population growth.IMPORTANCECitrus Huanglongbing (HLB, also called citrus greening disease) is a highly destructive disease currently threatening citrus production worldwide. HLB is caused by an unculturable bacterial pathogen, "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas). However, the mechanism of CLas colonization and growth in citrus hosts is poorly understood. In this study, we utilized the fruit pith tissue, which was able to maintain the CLas at a high abundance, as the materials for dual RNA-Seq and untargeted metabolome analysis, aiming to reveal the biological processes and phytochemical substances that are vital for CLas colonization and growth. We provided a genome-wide CLas transcriptome landscape in the fruit pith of three citrus cultivars with different tolerance and identified the important genes/pathways that contribute to CLas colonization and growth in the fruit pith. Metabolome profiling identified the key metabolites, which were mainly affected by CLas infection and influenced the population dynamic of CLas in fruit pith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Ma
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenying Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqin Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhen Du
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changbao Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meirong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Li J, Gmitter FG, Zhang B, Wang Y. Uncovering Interactions between Plant Metabolism and Plant-Associated Bacteria in Huanglongbing-Affected Citrus Cultivars Using Multiomics Analysis and Machine Learning. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16391-16401. [PMID: 37857602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive disease that inflicts significant economic losses on the citrus industry worldwide but with no cure available. However, microbiomes formulated by citrus plants may serve as disease antagonists, increasing the level of HLB tolerance. This study established an integrated analysis of untargeted metabolomics and microbiomics data for different citrus cultivars, providing critical insights into the interactions between plant metabolism and plant-associated bacteria in the development of HLB. Machine learning models were applied to screen important metabolites and bacteria in multiple citrus materials, and the selected metabolites were then analyzed to identify essential pathways enriched in the plant and to correlate with the selected bacteria. Results demonstrated that the regulation of plant pathways, especially ABC transporters and ubiquinone and other terpene-ubiquinone biosynthesis pathways, could affect the microbial community structure, indicating potential solutions for controlling HLB by modulating bacteria in citrus plants or breeding tolerant citrus cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Fred G Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Boce Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, 572 Newell Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
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Estrella-Maldonado H, González-Cruz C, Matilde-Hernández C, Adame-García J, Santamaría JM, Santillán-Mendoza R, Flores-de la Rosa FR. Insights into the Molecular Basis of Huanglongbing Tolerance in Persian Lime ( Citrus latifolia Tan.) through a Transcriptomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087497. [PMID: 37108662 PMCID: PMC10144405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a vascular disease of Citrus caused by three species of the α-proteobacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter", with "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas) being the most widespread and the one causing significant economic losses in citrus-producing regions worldwide. However, Persian lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) has shown tolerance to the disease. To understand the molecular mechanisms of this tolerance, transcriptomic analysis of HLB was performed using asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 652 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to CLas infection, of which 457 were upregulated and 195 were downregulated. KEGG analysis revealed that after CLas infection, some DEGs were present in the plant-pathogen interaction and in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways. DEGs present in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway suggests that tolerance against HLB in Persian lime could be mediated, at least partly, by the ClRSP2 and ClHSP90 genes. Previous reports documented that RSP2 and HSP90 showed low expression in susceptible citrus genotypes. Regarding the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways, some genes were identified as being related to the imbalance of starch accumulation. On the other hand, eight biotic stress-related genes were selected for further RT-qPCR analysis to validate our results. RT-qPCR results confirmed that symptomatic HLB leaves had high relative expression levels of the ClPR1, ClNFP, ClDR27, and ClSRK genes, whereas the ClHSL1, ClRPP13, ClPDR1, and ClNAC genes were expressed at lower levels than those from HLB asymptomatic leaves. Taken together, the present transcriptomic analysis contributes to the understanding of the CLas-Persian lime interaction in its natural environment and may set the basis for developing strategies for the integrated management of this important Citrus disease through the identification of blanks for genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Estrella-Maldonado
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Cong. Javier Rojo Gómez, Tlapacoyan C.P. 93600, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Carlos González-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Cong. Javier Rojo Gómez, Tlapacoyan C.P. 93600, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Cristian Matilde-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Cong. Javier Rojo Gómez, Tlapacoyan C.P. 93600, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jacel Adame-García
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Úrsulo Galván, Km 4.5 Carretera Cd. Cardel-Chachalacas, Úrsulo Galván C.P. 91667, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jorge M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Santillán-Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Cong. Javier Rojo Gómez, Tlapacoyan C.P. 93600, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Felipe Roberto Flores-de la Rosa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Cong. Javier Rojo Gómez, Tlapacoyan C.P. 93600, Veracruz, Mexico
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Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis and Phytohormone Signaling Contribute to " Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" Accumulation in Citrus Fruit Piths (Fluffy Albedo). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415648. [PMID: 36555287 PMCID: PMC9779719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas) is a phloem-restricted α-proteobacterium that is associated with citrus huanglongbing (HLB), which is the most destructive disease that affects all varieties of citrus. Although midrib is usually used as a material for CLas detection, we recently found that the bacterium was enriched in fruits, especially in the fruit pith. However, no study has revealed the molecular basis of these two parts in responding to CLas infection. Therefore, we performed transcriptome and UHPLC-MS-based targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses in order to organize the essential genes and metabolites that are involved. Transcriptome and metabolome characterized 4834 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 383 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) between the two materials, wherein 179 DEGs and 44 DAMs were affected by HLB in both of the tissues, involving the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phytohormone signaling transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and photosynthesis. Notably, we discovered that the gene expression that is related to beta-glucosidase and endoglucanase was up-regulated in fruits. In addition, defense-related gene expression and metabolite accumulation were significantly down-regulated in infected fruits. Taken together, the decreased amount of jasmonic acid, coupled with the reduced accumulation of phenylpropanoid and the increased proliferation of indole-3-acetic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid, compared to leaf midribs, may contribute largely to the enrichment of CLas in fruit piths, resulting in disorders of photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism.
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Jia Z, Zhang B, Sharma A, Kim NS, Purohit SM, Green MM, Roche MR, Holliday E, Chen H. Revelation of the sciences of traditional foods. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen Q, Min A, Luo S, He J, Wu R, Lin X, Wang Y, He W, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Tang H, Wang X. Metabolomic Analysis Revealed Distinct Physiological Responses of Leaves and Roots to Huanglongbing in a Citrus Rootstock. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169242. [PMID: 36012507 PMCID: PMC9409271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is an obstinate disease in the citrus industry. No resistant citrus resources were currently available, but various degrees of Huanglongbing tolerance exist in different germplasm. Citrus junos is emerging as one of the popular rootstocks widely used in the citrus production. However, its responses to the HLB causal agent, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), were still elusive. In the current study, we investigated the physiological, anatomical, and metabolomic responses of a C. junos rootstock ‘Pujiang Xiangcheng’ by a controlled CLas grafting inoculation. The summer flushes and roots were impaired at 15 weeks after inoculation, although typical leaf symptomatic phenotypes were not obvious. The chlorophyll pigments and the photosynthetic rate were compromised. The phloem sieve tubes were still working, despite the fact that the callose was deposited and the starch granules were accumulated in the phloem cells. A wide, targeted metabolomic analysis was carried out to explore the systematic alterations of the metabolites at this early stage of infection in the leaves and root system. The differentially accumulated metabolites in the CLas-affected leaves and roots compared with the mock-inoculation control tissues revealed that distinct responses were obvious. Besides the commonly observed alteration of sugar and amino acids, the active break down of starch in the roots was discovered. The different types of fatty acids were altered in the two tissues, with a more pronounced content decline in the roots. Our results not only provided fundamental knowledge about the response of the C. junos rootstock to the HLB disease, but also presented new insights into the host–pathogen interaction in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ailing Min
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shu Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinwei He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Runqin Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ximeng Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural Universtiy, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen He
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural Universtiy, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural Universtiy, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural Universtiy, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural Universtiy, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural Universtiy, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (X.W.)
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Kim D, Wang Y. Health-beneficial aroma and taste compounds in a newly developed kombucha using a Huanglongbing-tolerant mandarin hybrid. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2595-2615. [PMID: 35534223 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive citrus greening disease; no commercially applicable measures exist. 'LB8-9' Sugar Belle® (SB), originally developed for the fresh market, is the most HLB-tolerant cultivar among commercially available varieties. Due to the limited capacity of the fresh fruit market, there is a need to increase the demand for SB juice. Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage with black tea and sugar, and is considered a healthy drink with an increasing market. Therefore, we aim to study the potential of using SB juice in kombucha production. Regular (black tea with no citrus juice added), Hamlin (black tea with Hamlin juice added), and SB kombucha (black tea with SB juice added) were prepared and analyzed to observe the composition of aroma and taste compounds in the kombuchas. Aroma and taste compounds in the kombuchas were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, respectively. For aroma compounds, SB kombucha was characterized by high concentrations of terpenes and their derivatives, which have mandarin-like aroma characteristics and health benefits such as antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. For taste compounds, SB kombucha contained higher amount of fructose and organic acids, which have the potential to increase the intensity of sweetness and sourness, and flavonoids. This would support the potential benefits of using SB to make kombucha. This study provides valuable information about the aroma and taste compounds in SB kombucha and its potential health benefits, compared with regular and Hamlin kombucha. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This experiment provided valuable information on the elevated aroma and taste compounds, their potential health benefits, and the changes of those compounds during kombucha fermentation in 'LB8-9' Sugar Belle® kombucha, compared to regular and Hamlin kombucha. In the absence of an effective cure or therapy for HLB, this can be the first step for developing alternative citrus product to help the citrus industry mitigate the negative impacts from HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Kim
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
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Li J, Yan G, Duan X, Zhang K, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Tan S, Hua X, Wang J. Research Progress and Trends in Metabolomics of Fruit Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881856. [PMID: 35574069 PMCID: PMC9106391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an indispensable part of modern systems biotechnology, applied in the diseases' diagnosis, pharmacological mechanism, and quality monitoring of crops, vegetables, fruits, etc. Metabolomics of fruit trees has developed rapidly in recent years, and many important research results have been achieved in combination with transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, quantitative trait locus (QTL), and genome-wide association study (GWAS). These research results mainly focus on the mechanism of fruit quality formation, metabolite markers of special quality or physiological period, the mechanism of fruit tree's response to biotic/abiotic stress and environment, and the genetics mechanism of fruit trait. According to different experimental purposes, different metabolomic strategies could be selected, such as targeted metabolomics, non-targeted metabolomics, pseudo-targeted metabolomics, and widely targeted metabolomics. This article presents metabolomics strategies, key techniques in metabolomics, main applications in fruit trees, and prospects for the future. With the improvement of instruments, analysis platforms, and metabolite databases and decrease in the cost of the experiment, metabolomics will prompt the fruit tree research to achieve more breakthrough results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwei Duan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichun Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Wu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Analysis and Test Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
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11
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Yang C, Ancona V. An Overview of the Mechanisms Against " Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus": Virulence Targets, Citrus Defenses, and Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:850588. [PMID: 35391740 PMCID: PMC8982080 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.850588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening, is the most destructive disease for citrus worldwide. It is caused by the psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited bacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas). To date, there are still no effective practical strategies for curing citrus HLB. Understanding the mechanisms against CLas can contribute to the development of effective approaches for combatting HLB. However, the unculturable nature of CLas has hindered elucidating mechanisms against CLas. In this review, we summarize the main aspects that contribute to the understanding about the mechanisms against CLas, including (1) CLas virulence targets, focusing on inhibition of virulence genes; (2) activation of citrus host defense genes and metabolites of HLB-tolerant citrus triggered by CLas, and by agents; and (3) we also review the role of citrus microbiome in combatting CLas. Finally, we discuss novel strategies to continue studying mechanisms against CLas and the relationship of above aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Agribusiness, and Environmental Sciences, Citrus Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Veronica Ancona
- Department of Agriculture, Agribusiness, and Environmental Sciences, Citrus Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Weslaco, TX, United States
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12
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Peng W, Yang Y, Xu J, Peng E, Dai S, Dai L, Wang Y, Yi T, Wang B, Li D, Song N. TALE Transcription Factors in Sweet Orange ( Citrus sinensis): Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:814252. [PMID: 35126435 PMCID: PMC8811264 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-amino-acid-loop-extension (TALE) transcription factors comprise one of the largest gene families in plants, in which they contribute to regulation of a wide variety of biological processes, including plant growth and development, as well as governing stress responses. Although sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is among the most commercially important fruit crops cultivated worldwide, there have been relatively few functional studies on TALE genes in this species. In this study, we investigated 18 CsTALE gene family members with respect to their phylogeny, physicochemical properties, conserved motif/domain sequences, gene structures, chromosomal location, cis-acting regulatory elements, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs). These CsTALE genes were classified into two subfamilies based on sequence homology and phylogenetic analyses, and the classification was equally strongly supported by the highly conserved gene structures and motif/domain compositions. CsTALEs were found to be unevenly distributed on the chromosomes, and duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplication and purifying selection have been major driving force in the evolution of these genes. Expression profile analysis indicated that CsTALE genes exhibit a discernible spatial expression pattern in different tissues and differing expression patterns in response to different biotic/abiotic stresses. Of the 18 CsTALE genes examined, 10 were found to be responsive to high temperature, four to low temperature, eight to salt, and four to wounding. Moreover, the expression of CsTALE3/8/12/16 was induced in response to infection with the fungal pathogen Diaporthe citri and bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, whereas the expression of CsTALE15/17 was strongly suppressed. The transcriptional activity of CsTALE proteins was also verified in yeast, with yeast two-hybrid assays indicating that CsTALE3/CsTALE8, CsTALE3/CsTALE11, CsTALE10/CsTALE12, CsTALE14/CsTALE8, CsTALE14/CsTALE11 can form respective heterodimers. The findings of this study could lay the foundations for elucidating the biological functions of the TALE family genes in sweet orange and contribute to the breeding of stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Erping Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Suming Dai
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuyong Yi
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dazhi Li
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Center for Citrus Improvement Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Na Song
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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13
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Pandey SS, Hendrich C, Andrade MO, Wang N. Candidatus Liberibacter: From Movement, Host Responses, to Symptom Development of Citrus Huanglongbing. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:55-68. [PMID: 34609203 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0354-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter spp. are fastidious α-proteobacteria that cause multiple diseases on plant hosts of economic importance, including the most devastating citrus disease: Huanglongbing (HLB). HLB was reported in Asia a century ago but has since spread worldwide. Understanding the pathogenesis of Candidatus Liberibacter spp. remains challenging as they are yet to be cultured in artificial media and infect the phloem, a sophisticated environment that is difficult to manipulate. Despite those challenges, tremendous progress has been made on Ca. Liberibacter pathosystems. Here, we first reviewed recent studies on genetic information of flagellar and type IV pili biosynthesis, their expression profiles, and movement of Ca. Liberibacter spp. inside the plant and insect hosts. Next, we reviewed the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies of susceptible and tolerant plant genotypes to Ca. Liberibacter spp. infection and how Ca. Liberibacter spp. adapt in plants. Analyses of the interactions between plants and Ca. Liberibacter spp. imply the involvement of immune response in the Ca. Liberibacter pathosystems. Lastly, we reviewed how Ca. Liberibacter spp. movement inside and interactions with plants lead to symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo Shankar Pandey
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - Connor Hendrich
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - Maxuel O Andrade
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
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14
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WRKY Transcription Factors in Cassava Contribute to Regulation of Tolerance and Susceptibility to Cassava Mosaic Disease through Stress Responses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091820. [PMID: 34578401 PMCID: PMC8473359 DOI: 10.3390/v13091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the numerous biological constraints that hinder cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production, foremost is cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by virus members of the family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus. The mechanisms of CMD tolerance and susceptibility are not fully understood; however, CMD susceptible T200 and tolerant TME3 cassava landraces have been shown to exhibit different large-scale transcriptional reprogramming in response to South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV). Recent identification of 85 MeWRKY transcription factors in cassava demonstrated high orthology with those in Arabidopsis, however, little is known about their roles in virus responses in this non-model crop. Significant differences in MeWRKY expression and regulatory networks between the T200 and TME3 landraces were demonstrated. Overall, WRKY expression and associated hormone and enriched biological processes in both landraces reflect oxidative and other biotic stress responses to SACMV. Notably, MeWRKY11 and MeWRKY81 were uniquely up and downregulated at 12 and 67 days post infection (dpi) respectively in TME3, implicating a role in tolerance and symptom recovery. AtWRKY28 and AtWRKY40 homologs of MeWRKY81 and MeWRKY11, respectively, have been shown to be involved in regulation of jasmonic and salicylic acid signaling in Arabidopsis. AtWRKY28 is an interactor in the RPW8-NBS resistance (R) protein network and downregulation of its homolog MeWRKY81 at 67 dpi in TME3 suggests a negative role for this WRKY in SACMV tolerance. In contrast, in T200, nine MeWRKYs were differentially expressed from early (12 dpi), middle (32 dpi) to late (67 dpi) infection. MeWRKY27 (homolog AtWRKY33) and MeWRKY55 (homolog AtWRKY53) were uniquely up-regulated at 12, 32 and 67 dpi in T200. AtWRKY33 and AtWRKY53 are positive regulators of leaf senescence and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis, suggesting MeWRKY55 and 27 contribute to susceptibility in T200.
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