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Scholpp AC, Schilbert HM, Viehöver P, Weisshaar B, Beckstette M, Neumann JM, Bednarz H, Niehaus K. Differential gene expression in leaves and roots of Hydrangea serrata treated with aluminium chloride. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1412189. [PMID: 39290728 PMCID: PMC11405211 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1412189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydrangea serrata, also knowen as the Japanese tea hortensia, is known for its sweet taste and health properties of bevarages produced from this plant. The H. serrata 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins, hydrangenol and phyllodulcin harbour a variety of biological activities and pharmacological properties. Therefore, a detailed understanding of dihydroisocoumarin biosynthesis in H. serrata is of major interest. Their biosynthesis is assumed to be enhanced by elicitors and mediated by polyketide synthases like in cases of phenylpropanoid derived phytoalexins. A de-novo transcriptome assembly of leaves and roots from the aluminium chloride treatment group versus the control group alongside with annotation was generated. Secondary plant metabolites were analysed by LC-MS. It revealed that a terpene synthase and a triterpenoid synthase gene as well as lignin biosynthesis encoding genes were upregulated in roots. Many genes for transporters, glycosyl, and other transferases as well as glycosylases were found to be differentially expressed in both organs. As no differentially expressed polyketide synthase gene homolog was found, the relative leaf and root 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin content was analysed by LC-MS measurement. Although Hydrangea species are known for their aluminium detoxification using phenylpropanoid-derived compounds, the levels of 3,4- dihydroisocoumarins were not enhanced. In this metabolite analysis, an organ- specific accumulation profile of hydrangenol, phyllodulcin, hydrangeic acid and their mono- and di-glycosides was figured out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Catharina Scholpp
- Metabolome- and Proteome Research, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hanna Marie Schilbert
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Faculty of Biology, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Prisca Viehöver
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Faculty of Biology, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Faculty of Biology, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Computational Metagenomics, Faculty of Technology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Judith Martha Neumann
- Metabolome- and Proteome Research, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hanna Bednarz
- Metabolome- and Proteome Research, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- AG 3 Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Metabolome- and Proteome Research, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Jariani P, Shahnejat-Bushehri AA, Naderi R, Zargar M, Naghavi MR. Characterization of key genes in anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis during floral development in Rosa canina L. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133937. [PMID: 39029843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the transition of Rosa canina L. petals from pink to white, driven by genetic and biochemical factors. It characterizes the expression of ten key genes involved in anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis across five developmental stages, correlating gene expression with flavonoid and anthocyanin concentrations and colorimetric changes. Initially, the petals exhibit a rich flavonoid profile, dominated by Rutin and Kaempferol derivatives. The peak anthocyanin concentration, corresponding to the deepest color saturation, occurs in the subsequent stage. Advanced chromatographic analyses identify key flavonoids persisting into the final white petal stage. Notably, the ANS gene shows a dramatic 137.82-fold increase in expression at the final stage, indicating its crucial role in petal color maturation despite the absence of visible pigmentation. The study provides a comprehensive characterization of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying petal pigmentation, suggesting that reduced anthocyanin synthesis and increased flavonol concentration led to white petals. It also highlights the roles of other genes such as PAL, CCD1, FLS, CHI, CHS, UFGT, F3H, DFR, and RhMYB1, indicating that post-translational modifications and other regulatory mechanisms may influence anthocyanin stability and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Jariani
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Ali-Akbar Shahnejat-Bushehri
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Roohangiz Naderi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Meisam Zargar
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran; Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
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Choudhary N, Pucker B. Conserved amino acid residues and gene expression patterns associated with the substrate preferences of the competing enzymes FLS and DFR. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305837. [PMID: 39196921 PMCID: PMC11356453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids, an important class of specialized metabolites, are synthesized from phenylalanine and present in almost all plant species. Different branches of flavonoid biosynthesis lead to products like flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. Dihydroflavonols form the branching point towards the production of non-colored flavonols via flavonol synthase (FLS) and colored anthocyanins via dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). Despite the wealth of publicly accessible data, there remains a gap in understanding the mechanisms that mitigate competition between FLS and DFR for the shared substrate, dihydroflavonols. RESULTS An angiosperm-wide comparison of FLS and DFR sequences revealed the amino acids at positions associated with the substrate specificity in both enzymes. A global analysis of the phylogenetic distribution of these amino acid residues revealed that monocots generally possess FLS with Y132 (FLSY) and DFR with N133 (DFRN). In contrast, dicots generally possess FLSH and DFRN, DFRD, and DFRA. DFRA, which restricts substrate preference to dihydrokaempferol, previously believed to be unique to strawberry species, is found to be more widespread in angiosperms and has evolved independently multiple times. Generally, angiosperm FLS appears to prefer dihydrokaempferol, whereas DFR appears to favor dihydroquercetin or dihydromyricetin. Moreover, in the FLS-DFR competition, the dominance of one over the other is observed, with typically only one gene being expressed at any given time. CONCLUSION This study illustrates how almost mutually exclusive gene expression and substrate-preference determining residues could mitigate competition between FLS and DFR, delineates the evolution of these enzymes, and provides insights into mechanisms directing the metabolic flux of the flavonoid biosynthesis, with potential implications for ornamental plants and molecular breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Choudhary
- Institute of Plant Biology & BRICS, Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boas Pucker
- Institute of Plant Biology & BRICS, Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Schilbert HM, Busche M, Sáez V, Angeli A, Weisshaar B, Martens S, Stracke R. Generation and characterisation of an Arabidopsis thaliana f3h/fls1/ans triple mutant that accumulates eriodictyol derivatives. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:99. [PMID: 38331743 PMCID: PMC10854054 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are plant specialised metabolites, which derive from phenylalanine and acetate metabolism. They possess a variety of beneficial characteristics for plants and humans. Several modification steps in the synthesis of tricyclic flavonoids cause for the amazing diversity of flavonoids in plants. The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs) flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H, synonym FHT), flavonol synthase (FLS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, synonym leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX)), catalyse oxidative modifications to the central C ring. They are highly similar and have been shown to catalyse, at least in part, each other's reactions. FLS and ANS have been identified as bifunctional enzymes in many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana, stressing the capability of plants to bypass missing or mutated reaction steps on the way to flavonoid production. However, little is known about such bypass reactions and the flavonoid composition of plants lacking all three central flavonoid 2-ODDs. RESULTS To address this issue, we generated a f3h/fls1/ans mutant, as well as the corresponding double mutants and investigated the flavonoid composition of this mutant collection. The f3h/fls1/ans mutant was further characterised at the genomic level by analysis of a nanopore DNA sequencing generated genome sequence assembly and at the transcriptomic level by RNA-Seq analysis. The mutant collection established, including the novel double mutants f3h/fls1 and f3h/ans, was used to validate and analyse the multifunctionalities of F3H, FLS1, and ANS in planta. Metabolite analyses revealed the accumulation of eriodictyol and additional glycosylated derivatives in mutants carrying the f3h mutant allele, resulting from the conversion of naringenin to eriodictyol by flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) activity. CONCLUSIONS We describe the in planta multifunctionality of the three central flavonoid 2-ODDs from A. thaliana and identify a bypass in the f3h/fls1/ans triple mutant that leads to the formation of eriodictyol derivatives. As (homo-)eriodictyols are known as bitter taste maskers, the annotated eriodictyol (derivatives) and in particular the observations made on their in planta production, could provide valuable insights for the creation of novel food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Marie Schilbert
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Busche
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vania Sáez
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Ralf Stracke
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Zou J, Zhang Q, Amoako FK, Ackah M, Li H, Shi Y, Li J, Jiang Z, Zhao W. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of mulberry (Morus alba) response to boron deficiency and toxicity reveal candidate genes associated with boron tolerance in leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108316. [PMID: 38176189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba) is an essential plant with countless economic benefits; however, its growth and metabolic processes are hampered by boron (B) stresses. Very little research has been performed to elucidate boron tolerance and detoxification mechanisms in this species. The M. alba cultivar, Yu-711, was exposed to five different concentrations of boric acid (H3BO3), including deficient (T1; 0 mM) moderate B deficiency (T2; 0.02 mM), sufficient (CK; 0.1 mM) and toxic (T3 and T4; 0.5 and 1 mM) levels for 18 days of growth in pots experiment. Transcriptome analysis of B deficiency and toxicity treatments was performed on mulberry leaves. The transcriptome data reveal that a total of 6114 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs), of which 3830 were up-regulated and 2284 were down-regulated. A comparative analysis between treatment groups CK-vs-T1 (deficiency) and CK-vs-T4 (toxicity) indicates that 590 and 1383 genes were down-regulated in both deficiency and B toxicity, respectively. The results show that 206 genes were differentially expressed in all treatments. B deficiency and toxicity significantly altered the expression of the key aquaporins (PIP2-1, PIP2-7, PIP2-4 and NIP3-1) and high-affinity boron transporter genes (BOR1 and BOR7). In addition, boron stress also altered the expression of antioxidants and photosynthesis-related genes. B stresses were found to alter several transcription factors including ERF1B, which is associated with the regulation of boron uptake and the synthesis and signaling of phytohormones. Unravelling the mechanisms of B tolerance and detoxification is important and would give us further insight into how B stresses affect mulberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaonan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Kwarteng Amoako
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Michael Ackah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haonan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China.
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Salami M, Heidari B, Batley J, Wang J, Tan XL, Richards C, Tan H. Integration of genome-wide association studies, metabolomics, and transcriptomics reveals phenolic acid- and flavonoid-associated genes and their regulatory elements under drought stress in rapeseed flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1249142. [PMID: 38273941 PMCID: PMC10808681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Biochemical and metabolic processes help plants tolerate the adverse effects of drought. In plants accumulating bioactive compounds, understanding the genetic control of the biosynthesis of biochemical pathways helps the discovery of candidate gene (CG)-metabolite relationships. Methods The metabolic profile of flowers in 119 rapeseed (Brassica napus) accessions was assessed over two irrigation treatments, one a well-watered (WW) condition and the other a drought stress (DS) regime. We integrated information gained from 52,157 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, metabolites, and transcriptomes to identify linked SNPs and CGs responsible for the genetic control of flower phenolic compounds and regulatory elements. Results In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), of the SNPs tested, 29,310 SNPs were qualified to assess the population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD), of which several SNPs for radical scavenging activity (RSA) and total flavanol content (TFLC) were common between the two irrigation conditions and pleiotropic SNPs were found for chlorogenic and coumaric acids content. The principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise regression showed that chlorogenic acid and epicatechin in WW and myricetin in DS conditions were the most important components for RSA. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that vanillic acid, myricetin, gallic acid, and catechin were closely associated in both irrigation conditions. Analysis of GWAS showed that 60 CGs were identified, of which 18 were involved in stress-induced pathways, phenylpropanoid pathway, and flavonoid modifications. Of the CGs, PAL1, CHI, UGT89B1, FLS3, CCR1, and CYP75B137 contributed to flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. The results of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that the transcript levels of PAL, CHI, and CYP75B137 known as early flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and FLS3, CCR1, and UGT89B1 related to the later stages were increased during drought conditions. The transcription factors (TFs) NAC035 and ERF119 related to flavonoids and phenolic acids were upregulated under drought conditions. Discussion These findings expand our knowledge on the response mechanisms to DS, particularly regarding the regulation of key phenolic biosynthetic genes in rapeseed. Our data also provided specific linked SNPs for marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs and CGs as resources toward realizing metabolomics-associated breeding of rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salami
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Heidari
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Christopher Richards
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Helin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Kang Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Wang P, Liu W, Zhang Z, Yu W, Wang J, Wang J, Zhou Y. Integrated metabolome, full-length sequencing, and transcriptome analyses unveil the molecular mechanisms of color formation of the canary yellow and red bracts of Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Chitra'. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1441-1461. [PMID: 37648415 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Bougainvillea is a typical tropical flower of great ornamental value due to its colorful bracts. The molecular mechanism behind color formation is not well-understood. Therefore, this research conducted metabolome analysis, transcriptome analysis, and multi-flux full-length sequencing in two color bracts of Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Chitra' to investigate the significantly different metabolites (SDMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Overall, 261 SDMs, including 62 flavonoids and 26 alkaloids, were detected, and flavonols and betalains were significantly differentially accumulated among the two bracts. Furthermore, the complete-length transcriptome of Bougainvillea × buttiana was also developed, which contained 512 493 non-redundant isoforms. Among them, 341 210 (66.58%) displayed multiple annotations in the KOG, GO, NR, KEGG, Pfam, Swissprot, and NT databases. RNA-seq findings revealed that 3610 DEGs were identified between two bracts. Co-expression analysis demonstrated that the DEGs and SDMs involved in flavonol metabolism (such as CHS, CHI, F3H, FLS, CYP75B1, kaempferol, and quercetin) and betacyanin metabolism (DODA, betanidin, and betacyanins) were the main contributors for the canary yellow and red bract formation, respectively. Further investigation revealed that several putative transcription factors (TFs) might interact with the promoters of the genes mentioned above. The expression profiles of the putative TFs displayed that they may positively and negatively regulate the structural genes' expression profiles. The data revealed a potential regulatory network between important genes, putative TFs, and metabolites in the flavonol and betacyanin biosynthesis of Bougainvillea × buttiana 'Chitra' bracts. These findings will serve as a rich genetic resource for future studies that could create new color bracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Kang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, 441057, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
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Xiao Z, Wang J, Jiang N, Fan C, Xiang X, Liu W. An LcMYB111-LcHY5 Module Differentially Activates an LcFLS Promoter in Different Litchi Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16817. [PMID: 38069137 PMCID: PMC10706726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonol synthase (FLS) is the crucial enzyme of the flavonol biosynthetic pathways, and its expression is tightly regulated in plants. In our previous study, two alleles of LcFLS,LcFLS-A and LcFLS-B, have been identified in litchi, with extremely early-maturing (EEM) cultivars only harboring LcFLS-A, while middle-to-late-maturing (MLM) cultivars only harbor LcFLS-B. Here, we overexpressed both LcFLS alleles in tobacco, and transgenic tobacco produced lighter-pink flowers and showed increased flavonol levels while it decreased anthocyanin levels compared to WT. Two allelic promoters of LcFLS were identified, with EEM cultivars only harboring proLcFLS-A, while MLM cultivars only harbor proLcFLS-B. One positive and three negative R2R3-MYB transcription regulators of LcFLS expression were identified, among which only positive regulator LcMYB111 showed a consistent expression pattern with LcFLS, which both have higher expression in EEM than that of MLM cultivars. LcMYB111 were further confirmed to specifically activate proLcFLS-A with MYB-binding element (MBE) while being unable to activate proLcFLS-B with mutated MBE (MBEm). LcHY5 were also identified and can interact with LcMYB111 to promote LcFLS expression. Our study elucidates the function of LcFLS and its differential regulation in different litchi cultivars for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Z.X.); (J.W.); (N.J.); (C.F.); (X.X.)
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Saxena S, Pal G, Pandey A. Functional characterization of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase gene family in chickpea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111836. [PMID: 37619866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is an important leguminous crop plant with two cultivated types, desi and kabuli. It is nutritionally enriched in flavonoid content in addition to minerals and vitamins imparting huge health benefits to human beings. Our study elucidates the functionality of 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) gene family members i.e., flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) in chickpea using heterologous bacterial system and in-planta studies in Arabidopsis. This provides information about the biosynthesis of two very significant sub-classes of flavonoids- flavonols and anthocyanins. Here, we show that all the three homologs of F3H in chickpea can utilize not just naringenin but also eriodictyol as their substrate. Moreover, we show that FLS in chickpea exhibits bifunctionality having both FLS and F3H activity. Also, our study indicates the richness of desi chickpea over kabuli type through gene expression and metabolite content analyses. Overall, our study establishes the functionality of 2-ODD gene family involved in the early and late steps of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in chickpea. It paves way for better genetic manipulation of the pathway for direct or indirect synthesis of three major subclasses of flavonoids (flavonol, anthocyanin and proanthocyanin) to develop nutritious, environmentally stable and healthy chickpea (Cicer arietinum) crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Saxena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gaurav Pal
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Jiang L, Gao Y, Han L, Zhang W, Fan P. Designing plant flavonoids: harnessing transcriptional regulation and enzyme variation to enhance yield and diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220062. [PMID: 37575923 PMCID: PMC10420081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful and promising approach to enhance the production of value-added metabolites in plants. Flavonoids, a class of plant secondary metabolites, offer numerous health benefits and have attracted attention for their potential use in plant-based products. However, achieving high yields of specific flavonoids remains challenging due to the complex and diverse metabolic pathways involved in their biosynthesis. In recent years, synthetic biology approaches leveraging transcription factors and enzyme diversity have demonstrated promise in enhancing flavonoid yields and expanding their production repertoire. This review delves into the latest research progress in flavonoid metabolic engineering, encompassing the identification and manipulation of transcription factors and enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the deployment of synthetic biology tools for designing metabolic pathways. This review underscores the importance of employing carefully-selected transcription factors to boost plant flavonoid production and harnessing enzyme promiscuity to broaden flavonoid diversity or streamline the biosynthetic steps required for effective metabolic engineering. By harnessing the power of synthetic biology and a deeper understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis, future researchers can potentially transform the landscape of plant-based product development across the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, ultimately benefiting consumers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leiqin Han
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxiang Fan
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Schilbert HM, Holzenkamp K, Viehöver P, Holtgräwe D, Möllers C. Homoeologous non-reciprocal translocation explains a major QTL for seed lignin content in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:172. [PMID: 37439815 PMCID: PMC10345078 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
A homoeologous non-reciprocal translocation was identified in the major QTL for seed lignin content in the low lignin line SGDH14. The lignin biosynthetic gene PAL4 was deleted. Oilseed rape is a major oil crop and a valuable protein source for animal and human nutrition. Lignin is a non-digestible, major component of the seed coat with negative effect on sensory quality, bioavailability and usage of oilseed rape's protein. Hence, seed lignin reduction is of economic and nutritional importance. In this study, the major QTL for reduced lignin content found on chromosome C05 in the DH population SGDH14 x Express 617 was further examined. SGDH14 had lower seed lignin content than Express 617. Harvested seeds from a F2 population of the same cross were additionally field tested and used for seed quality analysis. The F2 population showed a bimodal distribution for seed lignin content. F2 plants with low lignin content had thinner seed coats compared to high lignin lines. Both groups showed a dark seed colour with a slightly lighter colour in the low lignin group indicating that a low lignin content is not necessarily associated with yellow seed colour. Mapping of genomic long-reads from SGDH14 against the Express 617 genome assembly revealed a homoeologous non-reciprocal translocation (HNRT) in the confidence interval of the major QTL for lignin content. A homologous A05 region is duplicated and replaced the C05 region in SGDH14. As consequence several genes located in the C05 region were lost in SGDH14. Thus, a HNRT was identified in the major QTL region for reduced lignin content in the low lignin line SGDH14. The most promising candidate gene related to lignin biosynthesis on C05, PAL4, was deleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Marie Schilbert
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Graduate School DILS, Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Karin Holzenkamp
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Crop Plant Genetics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Prisca Viehöver
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniela Holtgräwe
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Möllers
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Crop Plant Genetics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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Glycoalkaloid Composition and Flavonoid Content as Driving Forces of Phytotoxicity in Diploid Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021657. [PMID: 36675181 PMCID: PMC9863746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their advantages, biotechnological and omic techniques have not been applied often to characterize phytotoxicity in depth. Here, we show the distribution of phytotoxicity and glycoalkaloid content in a diploid potato population and try to clarify the source of variability of phytotoxicity among plants whose leaf extracts have a high glycoalkaloid content against the test plant species, mustard. Six glycoalkaloids were recognized in the potato leaf extracts: solasonine, solamargine, α-solanine, α-chaconine, leptinine I, and leptine II. The glycoalkaloid profiles of the progeny of the group with high phytotoxicity differed from those of the progeny of the group with low phytotoxicity, which stimulated mustard growth. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the upregulated flavonol synthase/flavonone 3-hydroxylase-like gene was expressed in the progeny of the low phytotoxicity group, stimulating plant growth. We concluded that the metabolic shift among potato progeny may be a source of different physiological responses in mustard. The composition of glycoalkaloids, rather than the total glycoalkaloid content itself, in potato leaf extracts, may be a driving force of phytotoxicity. We suggest that, in addition to glycoalkaloids, other metabolites may shape phytotoxicity, and we assume that these metabolites may be flavonoids.
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Pucker B, Iorizzo M. Apiaceae FNS I originated from F3H through tandem gene duplication. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280155. [PMID: 36656808 PMCID: PMC9851555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are specialized metabolites with numerous biological functions in stress response and reproduction of plants. Flavones are one subgroup that is produced by the flavone synthase (FNS). Two distinct enzyme families evolved that can catalyze the biosynthesis of flavones. While the membrane-bound FNS II is widely distributed in seed plants, one lineage of soluble FNS I appeared to be unique to Apiaceae species. RESULTS We show through phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses that Apiaceae FNS I evolved through tandem gene duplication of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) followed by neofunctionalization. Currently available datasets suggest that this event happened within the Apiaceae in a common ancestor of Daucus carota and Apium graveolens. The results also support previous findings that FNS I in the Apiaceae evolved independent of FNS I in other plant species. CONCLUSION We validated a long standing hypothesis about the evolution of Apiaceae FNS I and predicted the phylogenetic position of this event. Our results explain how an Apiaceae-specific FNS I lineage evolved and confirm independence from other FNS I lineages reported in non-Apiaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boas Pucker
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- BRICS, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail: (BP); (MI)
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Horticultural Science, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BP); (MI)
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Chen YY, Lu HQ, Jiang KX, Wang YR, Wang YP, Jiang JJ. The Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Brassica napus: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010357. [PMID: 36613800 PMCID: PMC9820570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus is an important crop for edible oil, vegetables, biofuel, and animal food. It is also an ornamental crop for its various petal colors. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activities and medicinal values, and are important to plant pigmentation, disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. The yellow seed coat, purple leaf and inflorescence, and colorful petals of B. napus have been bred for improved nutritional value, tourism and city ornamentation. The putative loci and genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in B. napus have been identified using germplasms with various seed, petal, leaf, and stem colors, or different flavonoid contents under stress conditions. This review introduces the advances of flavonoid profiling, biosynthesis, and regulation during development and stress responses of B. napus, and hopes to help with the breeding of B. napus with better quality, ornamental value, and stress resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai-Qin Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - You-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jin-Jin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Tao H, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Hong G. Flavonoids in vegetables: improvement of dietary flavonoids by metabolic engineering to promote health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3220-3234. [PMID: 36218329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in plants, and have antioxidant effects as well as other bioactivities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, and neuroprotective effects). Vegetables are rich in flavonoids and are indispensable in our daily diet. Moreover, the vegetables as chassis for producing natural products would emerge as a promising means for cost-effective and sustainable production of flavonoids. Understanding the metabolic engineering of flavonoids in vegetables allows us to improve their nutrient composition. In this review, a comprehensive overview of flavonoids in vegetables, including the characterized types and distribution, health-promoting effects, associated metabolic pathways, and applied metabolic engineering are provided. We also introduce breakthroughs in multi-omics approaches that pertain to the elucidation of flavonoids metabolism in vegetables, as well as prospective and potential genome-editing technologies. Based on the varied composition and content of flavonoids among vegetables, dietary suggestions are further provided for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linying Li
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Schilbert HM, Glover BJ. Analysis of flavonol regulator evolution in the Brassicaceae reveals MYB12, MYB111 and MYB21 duplications and MYB11 and MYB24 gene loss. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:604. [PMID: 35986242 PMCID: PMC9392221 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonols are the largest subgroup of flavonoids, possessing multiple functions in plants including protection against ultraviolet radiation, antimicrobial activities, and flower pigmentation together with anthocyanins. They are of agronomical and economical importance because the major off-taste component in rapeseed protein isolates is a flavonol derivative, which limits rapeseed protein use for human consumption. Flavonol production in Arabidopsis thaliana is mainly regulated by the subgroup 7 (SG7) R2R3-MYB transcription factors MYB11, MYB12, and MYB111. Recently, the SG19 MYBs MYB21, MYB24, and MYB57 were shown to regulate flavonol accumulation in pollen and stamens. The members of each subgroup are closely related, showing gene redundancy and tissue-specific expression in A. thaliana. However, the evolution of these flavonol regulators inside the Brassicaceae, especially inside the Brassiceae, which include the rapeseed crop species, is not fully understood. RESULTS We studied the SG7 and SG19 MYBs in 44 species, including 31 species of the Brassicaceae, by phylogenetic analyses followed by synteny and gene expression analyses. Thereby we identified a deep MYB12 and MYB111 duplication inside the Brassicaceae, which likely occurred before the divergence of Brassiceae and Thelypodieae. These duplications of SG7 members were followed by the loss of MYB11 after the divergence of Eruca vesicaria from the remaining Brassiceae species. Similarly, MYB21 experienced duplication before the emergence of the Brassiceae tribe, where the gene loss of MYB24 is also proposed to have happened. The members of each subgroup revealed frequent overlapping spatio-temporal expression patterns in the Brassiceae member B. napus, which are assumed to compensate for the loss of MYB11 and MYB24 in the analysed tissues. CONCLUSIONS We identified a duplication of MYB12, MYB111, and MYB21 inside the Brassicaceae and MYB11 and MYB24 gene loss inside the tribe Brassiceae. We propose that polyploidization events have shaped the evolution of the flavonol regulators in the Brassicaceae, especially in the Brassiceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Schilbert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Schilbert HM, Pucker B, Ries D, Viehöver P, Micic Z, Dreyer F, Beckmann K, Wittkop B, Weisshaar B, Holtgräwe D. Mapping‑by‑Sequencing Reveals Genomic Regions Associated with Seed Quality Parameters in Brassica napus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071131. [PMID: 35885914 PMCID: PMC9317104 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop and has the potential to serve as a highly productive source of protein. This protein exhibits an excellent amino acid composition and has high nutritional value for humans. Seed protein content (SPC) and seed oil content (SOC) are two complex quantitative and polygenic traits which are negatively correlated and assumed to be controlled by additive and epistatic effects. A reduction in seed glucosinolate (GSL) content is desired as GSLs cause a stringent and bitter taste. The goal here was the identification of genomic intervals relevant for seed GSL content and SPC/SOC. Mapping by sequencing (MBS) revealed 30 and 15 new and known genomic intervals associated with seed GSL content and SPC/SOC, respectively. Within these intervals, we identified known but also so far unknown putatively causal genes and sequence variants. A 4 bp insertion in the MYB28 homolog on C09 shows a significant association with a reduction in seed GSL content. This study provides insights into the genetic architecture and potential mechanisms underlying seed quality traits, which will enhance future breeding approaches in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Marie Schilbert
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (H.M.S.); (B.P.); (D.R.); (P.V.); (B.W.)
- Graduate School DILS, Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Boas Pucker
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (H.M.S.); (B.P.); (D.R.); (P.V.); (B.W.)
- Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Biology & Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David Ries
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (H.M.S.); (B.P.); (D.R.); (P.V.); (B.W.)
| | - Prisca Viehöver
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (H.M.S.); (B.P.); (D.R.); (P.V.); (B.W.)
| | - Zeljko Micic
- Deutsche Saatveredelung AG, Weissenburger Straße 5, 59557 Lippstadt, Germany;
| | - Felix Dreyer
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof 1, 24363 Holtsee, Germany; (F.D.); (K.B.)
| | - Katrin Beckmann
- NPZ Innovation GmbH, Hohenlieth-Hof 1, 24363 Holtsee, Germany; (F.D.); (K.B.)
| | - Benjamin Wittkop
- Department of Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (H.M.S.); (B.P.); (D.R.); (P.V.); (B.W.)
| | - Daniela Holtgräwe
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (H.M.S.); (B.P.); (D.R.); (P.V.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Quan C, Chen G, Li S, Jia Z, Yu P, Tu J, Shen J, Yi B, Fu T, Dai C, Ma C. Transcriptome shock in interspecific F1 allotriploid hybrids between Brassica species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2336-2353. [PMID: 35139197 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization drives the evolution of angiosperms and can be used to introduce novel alleles for important traits or to activate heterosis in crop breeding. Hybridization brings together gene expression networks from two different species, potentially causing global alterations of gene expression in the F1 plants which is called 'transcriptome shock'. Here, we explored such a transcriptome shock in allotriploid Brassica hybrids. We generated interspecific F1 allotriploid hybrids between the allotetraploid species Brassica napus and three accessions of the diploid species Brassica rapa. RNA-seq of the F1 hybrids and the parental plants revealed that 26.34-30.89% of genes were differentially expressed between the parents. We also analyzed expression level dominance and homoeolog expression bias between the parents and the F1 hybrids. The expression-level dominance biases of the Ar, An, and Cn subgenomes was genotype and stage dependent, whereas significant homoeolog expression bias was observed among three subgenomes from different parents. Furthermore, more genes were involved in trans regulation than in cis regulation in allotriploid F1 hybrids. Our findings provide new insights into the transcriptomic responses of cross-species hybrids and hybrids showing heterosis, as well as a new method for promoting the breeding of desirable traits in polyploid Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtao Quan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guoting Chen
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sijia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhibo Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pugang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Wang J, Zhang C, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiles of 13 Key Structural Gene Families Involved in the Biosynthesis of Rice Flavonoid Scaffolds. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030410. [PMID: 35327963 PMCID: PMC8951560 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of key polyphenolic secondary metabolites with broad functions in plants, including stress defense, growth, development and reproduction. Oryza sativa L. (rice) is a well-known model plant for monocots, with a wide range of flavonoids, but the key flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and their molecular features in rice have not been comprehensively and systematically characterized. Here, we identified 85 key structural gene candidates associated with flavonoid biosynthesis in the rice genome. They belong to 13 families potentially encoding chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), flavone synthase II (FNSII), flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H), flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR). Through structural features, motif analyses and phylogenetic relationships, these gene families were further grouped into five distinct lineages and were examined for conservation and divergence. Subsequently, 22 duplication events were identified out of a total of 85 genes, among which seven pairs were derived from segmental duplication events and 15 pairs were from tandem duplications, demonstrating that segmental and tandem duplication events play important roles in the expansion of key flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes in rice. Furthermore, these 85 genes showed spatial and temporal regulation in a tissue-specific manner and differentially responded to abiotic stress (including six hormones and cold and salt treatments). RNA-Seq, microarray analysis and qRT-PCR indicated that these genes might be involved in abiotic stress response, plant growth and development. Our results provide a valuable basis for further functional analysis of the genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in rice.
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