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Yoo JY, Ko KS, Vu BN, Lee YE, Choi HN, Lee YN, Fanata WID, Harmoko R, Lee SK, Chung WS, Hong JC, Lee KO. IRE1 is implicated in protein synthesis regulation under ER stress conditions in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108963. [PMID: 39084166 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a crucial cellular mechanism for maintaining protein folding homeostasis during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, the role of IRE1, a key component of the UPR, was investigated in protein translation regulation under ER stress conditions in Arabidopsis. We discovered that the loss of IRE1A and IRE1B leads to diminished protein translation, indicating a significant role for IRE1 in this process. However, this regulation was not solely dependent on the interaction with bZIP60, a key transcription factor in the UPR. Interestingly, while chemical chaperones TUDCA and PBA effectively alleviated the translation inhibition observed in ire1a ire1b mutants, this effect was more pronounced than the mitigation observed from suppressing GCN2 expression or introducing a non-phosphorylatable eIF2α variant. Additionally, the kinase and ribonuclease activities of IRE1B were demonstrated to be crucial for plant adaptation and protein synthesis regulation under ER stress conditions. Overall, this study not only highlights the complex regulatory mechanisms of IRE1 in plant ER stress responses but also provides insights into its multifaceted roles in protein translation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yong Yoo
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ki Seong Ko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Bich Ngoc Vu
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ha Na Choi
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Yoo Na Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Wahyu Indra Duwi Fanata
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Rikno Harmoko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program) Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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2
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Thibault E, Brandizzi F. Post-translational modifications: emerging directors of cell-fate decisions during endoplasmic reticulum stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:831-848. [PMID: 38600022 PMCID: PMC11088923 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critical for growth, development, and stress responses. Perturbations causing an imbalance in ER proteostasis lead to a potentially lethal condition known as ER stress. In ER stress situations, cell-fate decisions either activate pro-life pathways that reestablish homeostasis or initiate pro-death pathways to prevent further damage to the organism. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning cell-fate decisions in ER stress is critical for crop development and has the potential to enable translation of conserved components to ER stress-related diseases in metazoans. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are emerging as key players in cell-fate decisions in situations of imbalanced ER proteostasis. In this review, we address PTMs orchestrating cell-fate decisions in ER stress in plants and provide evidence-based perspectives for where future studies may focus to identify additional PTMs involved in ER stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Thibault
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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3
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Nouraei S, Mia MS, Liu H, Turner NC, Yan G. Genome-wide association study of drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) identifies SNP markers and candidate genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:22. [PMID: 38430317 PMCID: PMC10908643 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a severe threat to global wheat production, necessitating an in-depth exploration of the genetic basis for drought tolerance associated traits. This study employed a 90 K SNP array to conduct a genome-wide association analysis, unravelling genetic determinants of key traits related to drought tolerance in wheat, namely plant height, root length, and root and shoot dry weight. Using the mixed linear model (MLM) method on 125 wheat accessions subjected to both well-watered and drought stress treatments, we identified 53 SNPs significantly associated with stress susceptibility (SSI) and tolerance indices (STI) for the targeted traits. Notably, chromosomes 2A and 3B stood out with ten and nine associated markers, respectively. Across 17 chromosomes, 44 unique candidate genes were pinpointed, predominantly located on the distal ends of 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 3A, 3B, 4A, 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, and 7D chromosomes. These genes, implicated in diverse functions related to plant growth, development, and stress responses, offer a rich resource for future investigation. A clustering pattern emerged, notably with seven genes associated with SSI for plant height and four genes linked to both STI of plant height and shoot dry weight, converging on specific regions of chromosome arms of 2AS and 3BL. Additionally, shared genes encoding polygalacturonase, auxilin-related protein 1, peptide deformylase, and receptor-like kinase underscored the interconnectedness between plant height and shoot dry weight. In conclusion, our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms governing wheat drought tolerance, identifying promising genomic loci for further exploration and crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nouraei
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Md Sultan Mia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Hui Liu
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Neil C Turner
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Guijun Yan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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4
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Kang SM, Adhikari A, Kwon EH, Gam HJ, Jeon JR, Woo JI, Lee IJ. Influence of N-Acetylglucosamine and Melatonin Interaction in Modeling the Photosynthetic Component and Metabolomics of Cucumber under Salinity Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2844. [PMID: 38474090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and melatonin (Mel) in agriculture could be a promising avenue for improving crop resilience and productivity, especially under challenging environmental conditions. In the current study, we treated the cucumber plant with GlcNAc and Mel solely and combinedly under salt stress (150 mM) then studied photosynthetic attributes using the transient OJIP fluorescence method. The results showed that the combination of GlcNAc × Mel significantly improved the plant morphological attributes, such as root and shoot biomass, and also improved chlorophyll and photosynthetic components. The mineral elements such as K, Mg, Ca, and P were significantly elevated, whereas a lower influx of Na was observed in GlcNAc × Mel treated cucumber shoots. A significant reduction in abscisic acid was observed, which was validated by the reduction in proline content and the increase in stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci). Furthermore, the activities of antioxidants such as polyphenol and flavonoid were considerably improved, resulting in a decrease in SOD and CAT with GlcNAc × Mel treatment. In addition, GlcNAc × Mel treatment dropped levels of the toxic radical Malondialdehyde (MDA) and elevated amino acids in cucumber shoots. These findings suggest that the combination of GlcNAc × Mel could be an effective elicitor for modeling plant metabolism to confer stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Adhikari
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hae Kwon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Gam
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ryeol Jeon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Woo
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lee YR, Ko KS, Lee HE, Lee ES, Han K, Yoo JY, Vu BN, Choi HN, Lee YN, Hong JC, Lee KO, Kim DS. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated HY5 Gene Editing Reduces Growth Inhibition in Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa) under ER Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13105. [PMID: 37685921 PMCID: PMC10487758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various stresses can affect the quality and yield of crops, including vegetables. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was employed to examine the role of the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) gene in influencing the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa). Single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target the HY5 gene, and deep-sequencing analysis confirmed the induction of mutations in the bZIP domain of the gene. To investigate the response of Chinese cabbage to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, plants were treated with tunicamycin (TM). Both wild-type and hy5 mutant plants showed increased growth inhibition with increasing TM concentration. However, the hy5 mutant plants displayed less severe growth inhibition compared to the wild type. Using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining methods, we determined the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced under ER stress conditions, and found that the hy5 mutant plants generated lower levels of ROS compared to the wild type. Under ER stress conditions, the hy5 mutant plants exhibited lower expression levels of UPR- and cell death-related genes than the wild type. These results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the HY5 gene can mitigate growth inhibition in Chinese cabbage under stresses, improving the quality and yield of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Rin Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Ki Seong Ko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (K.S.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Eun Su Lee
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Koeun Han
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Jae Yong Yoo
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (K.S.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Bich Ngoc Vu
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Ha Na Choi
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Yoo Na Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (K.S.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (J.C.H.)
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (K.S.K.); (J.Y.Y.); (J.C.H.)
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.N.V.); (H.N.C.); (Y.N.L.)
| | - Do Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.R.L.); (H.E.L.); (E.S.L.); (K.H.)
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Dharmateja P, Yadav R, Kumar M, Babu P, Jain N, Mandal PK, Pandey R, Shrivastava M, Gaikwad KB, Bainsla NK, Tomar V, Sugumar S, Saifi N, Ranjan R. Genome-wide association studies reveal putative QTLs for physiological traits under contrasting phosphorous conditions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2022; 13:984720. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.984720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Genome-wide association (GWAS) study was conducted for phosphorous (P)-use responsive physiological traits in bread wheat at the seedling stage under contrasting P regimes. A panel of 158 diverse advanced breeding lines and released varieties, and a set of 10,800 filtered single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to study marker-trait associations over the eight shoot traits. Principle component analysis separated the two environments (P regimes) because of the differential response of the traits indicating the essentiality of the separate breeding programmes for each environment. Significant variations for genotypic, environmental, and genotype × environment (GEI) effects were observed for all the traits in the combined analysis of variance with moderately high broad sense heritability traits (0.50–0.73). With the different algorithms of association mapping viz., BLINK, FarmCPU, and MLM, 38 unique QTLs under non-limiting P (NLP) and 45 QTLs for limiting P (LP) conditions for various shoot traits were identified. Some of these QTLs were captured by all three algorithms. Interestingly, a Q.iari.dt.sdw.1 on chromosome 1D was found to explain the significant variations in three important physiological traits under non-limiting phosphorus (NLP) conditions. We identified the putative candidate genes for QTLs namely Q.iari.dt.chl.1, Q.iari.dt.sdw.16, Q.iari.dt.sdw.9 and Q.iari.dt.tpc.1 which are potentially involved in the mechanism regulating phosphorus use efficiency through improved P absorption due to improved root architectural traits and better mobilization such as sulfotransferase involved in postembryonic root development, WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1), a plant-specific protein that facilitates auxin export; lectin receptor-like kinase essentially involved in plant development, stress response during germination and lateral root development and F-box component of the SKP-Cullin-F box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and strigolactone signal perception. Expression profiling of putative genes located in identified genomic regions against the wheat expression atlas revealed their significance based on the expression of these genes for stress response and growth development processes in wheat. Our results thus provide an important insight into understanding the genetic basis for improving PUE under phosphorus stress conditions and can shape the future breeding programme by developing and integrating molecular markers for these difficult-to-score important traits.
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Veličković D, Liao YC, Thibert S, Veličković M, Anderton C, Voglmeir J, Stacey G, Zhou M. Spatial Mapping of Plant N-Glycosylation Cellular Heterogeneity Inside Soybean Root Nodules Provided Insights Into Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869281. [PMID: 35651768 PMCID: PMC9150855 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although ubiquitously present, information on the function of complex N-glycan posttranslational modification in plants is very limited and is often neglected. In this work, we adopted an enzyme-assisted matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging strategy to visualize the distribution and identity of N-glycans in soybean root nodules at a cellular resolution. We additionally performed proteomics analysis to probe the potential correlation to proteome changes during symbiotic rhizobia-legume interactions. Our ion images reveal that intense N-glycosylation occurs in the sclerenchyma layer, and inside the infected cells within the infection zone, while morphological structures such as the cortex, uninfected cells, and cells that form the attachment with the root are fewer N-glycosylated. Notably, we observed different N-glycan profiles between soybean root nodules infected with wild-type rhizobia and those infected with mutant rhizobia incapable of efficiently fixing atmospheric nitrogen. The majority of complex N-glycan structures, particularly those with characteristic Lewis-a epitopes, are more abundant in the mutant nodules. Our proteomic results revealed that these glycans likely originated from proteins that maintain the redox balance crucial for proper nitrogen fixation, but also from enzymes involved in N-glycan and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. These findings indicate the possible involvement of Lewis-a glycans in these critical pathways during legume-rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Veličković
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Yen-Chen Liao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Stephanie Thibert
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Marija Veličković
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Christopher Anderton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, C. S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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8
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Strasser R. Recent Developments in Deciphering the Biological Role of Plant Complex N-Glycans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897549. [PMID: 35557740 PMCID: PMC9085483 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Asparagine (N)-linked protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous co- and posttranslational modification which has a huge impact on the biogenesis and function of proteins and consequently on the development, growth, and physiology of organisms. In mammals, N-glycan processing carried out by Golgi-resident glycosidases and glycosyltransferases creates a number of structurally diverse N-glycans with specific roles in many different biological processes. In plants, complex N-glycan modifications like the attachment of β1,2-xylose, core α1,3-fucose, or the Lewis A-type structures are evolutionary highly conserved, but their biological function is poorly known. Here, I highlight recent developments that contribute to a better understanding of these conserved glycoprotein modifications and discuss future directions to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Zhang N, Zabotina OA. Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030428. [PMID: 35161411 PMCID: PMC8840164 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
All living cells generate structurally complex and compositionally diverse spectra of glycans and glycoconjugates, critical for organismal evolution, development, functioning, defense, and survival. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the glycosylation reaction between activated sugar and acceptor substrate to synthesize a wide variety of glycans. GTs are distributed among more than 130 gene families and are involved in metabolic processes, signal pathways, cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis, cell development, and growth. Glycosylation mainly takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi, where GTs and glycosidases involved in this process are distributed to different locations of these compartments and sequentially add or cleave various sugars to synthesize the final products of glycosylation. Therefore, delivery of these enzymes to the proper locations, the glycosylation sites, in the cell is essential and involves numerous secretory pathway components. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of protein trafficking between ER and Golgi. It describes what is known about the primary components of protein sorting machinery and trafficking, which are recognition sites on the proteins that are important for their interaction with the critical components of this machinery.
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