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Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wei Z, Zhang X, Jiao B, Tian Y, Yan F, Li J, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang J, Wang X, Mu Z, Wang Q. Analysis of oil synthesis pathway in Cyperus esculentus tubers and identification of oleosin and caleosin genes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 284:153961. [PMID: 36933340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The tubers of the widely distributed Cyperus esculentus are rich in oil, and therefore, the plant is considered to have a high utilization value in the vegetable oil industry. Oleosins and caleosins are lipid-associated proteins found in oil bodies of seeds; however oleosins and caleosins genes have not been identified in C. esculentus. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing and lipid metabolome analysis of C. esculentus tubers at four developmental stages to obtain the information on their genetic profile, expression trends, and metabolites in oil accumulation pathways. Overall, 120,881 non-redundant unigenes and 255 lipids were detected; 18 genes belonged to the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MCAT), β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS), and fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase (FAT) gene families involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, and 16 genes belonged to the glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 3 (DGAT3), phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), FAD2, and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) gene families playing important roles in triacylglycerol synthesis. We also identified 9 oleosin- and 21 caleosin-encoding genes in C. esculentus tubers. These results provide detailed information on the C. esculentus transcriptional and metabolic profiles, which can be used as reference for the development of strategies to increase oil content in C. esculentus tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Zhu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Zunmiao Wei
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136105, China.
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Bingyang Jiao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Fan Yan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Jingwen Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Yajing Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Xuguang Yang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Jinhao Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Xinyue Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
| | - Zhongsheng Mu
- Institute of Economic Plants, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 136105, China.
| | - Qingyu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun City, China.
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Liu K, Li J, Xing C, Yuan H, Yang J. Characterization of Auxenochlorella protothecoides acyltransferases and potential of their protein interactions to promote the enrichment of oleic acid. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 37085915 PMCID: PMC10120206 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After centuries of heavy reliance on fossil fuel energy, the world suffers from an energy crisis and global warming, calling for carbon emission reduction and a transition to clean energy. Microalgae have attracted much attention as a potential feedstock for biofuel production due to their high triacylglycerol content and CO2 sequestration ability. Many diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) species have been characterized, which catalyze the final committed step in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. However, the detailed structure-function features of DGATs and the role of the interactions among DGAT proteins in lipid metabolism remained largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, the three characterized DGATs of Auxenochlorella protothecoides 2341 showed distinct structural and functional conservation. Functional complementation analyses showed that ApDGAT1 had higher activity than ApDGAT2b in yeast and model microalgae, and ApDGAT2a had no activity in yeast. The N-terminus was not essential to the catalysis function of ApDGAT1 but was crucial to ApDGAT2b as its enzyme activity was sensitive to any N-terminus modifications. Similarly, when acyl-CoA binding proteins (ACBPs) were fused to the N-terminus of ApDGAT1 and ApDGAT2b, zero and significant activity changes were observed, respectively. Interestingly, the ApACBP3 + ApDGAT1 variant contributed to higher oil accumulation than the original DGAT1, and ApACBP1 + ApDGAT1 fusion boosted oleic acid content in yeast. Overexpression of the three DGATs and the variation of ApACBP3 + ApDGAT1 increased the content of C18:1 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-5235. Significantly, ApDGAT1 interacted with itself, ApDGAT2b, and ApACBP1, which indicated that these three lipid metabolic proteins might have been a part of a dynamic protein interactome that facilitated the enrichment of oleic acid. CONCLUSIONS This study provided new insights into the functional and structural characteristics of DGATs and elucidated the importance of these physical interactions in potential lipid channeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Grama SB, Liu Z, Li J. Emerging Trends in Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Commercial Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:285. [PMID: 35621936 PMCID: PMC9143385 DOI: 10.3390/md20050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, microalgal biotechnology has received increasing interests in producing valuable, sustainable and environmentally friendly bioproducts. The development of economically viable production processes entails resolving certain limitations of microalgal biotechnology, and fast evolving genetic engineering technologies have emerged as new tools to overcome these limitations. This review provides a synopsis of recent progress, current trends and emerging approaches of genetic engineering of microalgae for commercial applications, including production of pharmaceutical protein, lipid, carotenoids and biohydrogen, etc. Photochemistry improvement in microalgae and CO2 sequestration by microalgae via genetic engineering were also discussed since these subjects are closely entangled with commercial production of the above mentioned products. Although genetic engineering of microalgae is proved to be very effective in boosting performance of production in laboratory conditions, only limited success was achieved to be applicable to industry so far. With genetic engineering technologies advancing rapidly and intensive investigations going on, more bioproducts are expected to be produced by genetically modified microalgae and even much more to be prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir B. Grama
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Biomolecules and Biotechnological Applications, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, Algeria;
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Jian Li
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
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