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Duan Y, Liu S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Yan F, Liu Z, Shi X, Liu P, Liu M. The Influences of Soil and Meteorological Factors on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Chinese Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4107. [PMID: 38140434 PMCID: PMC10748029 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is attracting more and more attention worldwide due to their tasty and nutritious fruit with extremely high contents of vitamin C (Vc) and soluble sugar. In order to find out the main factors that influence jujube growth and reproductive adaptability, the phenological periods, vegetative growths, fruiting abilities, and fruit qualities of eight newly released cultivars were compared and comprehensively analyzed in three representative ecological sites of the three main jujube-producing regions including Fuping (Hebei), Taigu (Shanxi), and Alar (Xinjiang) in China. Our results showed that the characteristics of jujube cultivars were significantly affected by soil and meteorological factors. The fruit number per bearing shoot was much more affected by temperature, light, and rainfall. The fruit number per bearing shoot, contents of soluble solids, and soluble sugar and Vc contents in fruits were influenced more by meteorological factors. The content of flavonoids was affected by both soil and meteorological factors. A principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that cultivars suitable for planting in Fuping (Hebei) were Yuhong and Lengbaiyu. Zaocuimi, Fucuimi, and Zaoqiuhong were suitable to be cultivated in Taigu (Shanxi), while Zaocuimi, Yuhong, Yulu, Luzao 2, and Yueguang behaved better in Alar (Xinjiang). This study provides insights of the environmental factors on jujube yield and quality and therefore provides references for highly efficient jujube cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Duan
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Provincial Technology Research Institute of Jujube Industry, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Provincial Technology Research Institute of Jujube Industry, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Provincial Technology Research Institute of Jujube Industry, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China;
| | - Fenfen Yan
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Provincial Technology Research Institute of Jujube Industry, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiaoxin Shi
- Meteorological Bureau of Taigu District, Jinzhong 030800, China;
| | - Ping Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Provincial Technology Research Institute of Jujube Industry, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Provincial Technology Research Institute of Jujube Industry, Baoding 071001, China
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Zhao X, Zhao Z, Cheng S, Wang L, Luo Z, Ai C, Liu Z, Liu P, Wang L, Wang J, Liu M, Li Y, Liu M. ZjWRKY23 and ZjWRKY40 Promote Fruit Size Enlargement by Targeting and Downregulating Cytokinin Oxidase/Dehydrogenase 5 Expression in Chinese Jujube. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18046-18058. [PMID: 37957030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Fruit size is crucial for fruit trees, as it contributes to both quality and yield. However, the underlying mechanism of fruit size regulation remains largely unknown. Taking advantage of using a fruit double-sized bud mutant of Chinese jujube, "Jinkuiwang" and its wild type, "Jinsixiaozao", we carried out a comprehensive study on the mechanism of fruit size development in jujube. Using weighted gene coexpression network analyses, a number of candidate regulators for fruit size including those involved in hormonal signaling pathways, transcription factors, and heat shock proteins were identified. A hub gene named cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 5 (ZjCKX5), responsible for cytokinin degradation, was found to play a negative role in regulating fruit size development, and overexpressing ZjCKX5 in tomato and Arabidopsis resulted in much smaller fruits and dwarf plants. Furthermore, another two hub genes, ZjWRKY23 and ZjWRKY40 transcription factors, were found to participate in fruit size regulation by targeting and downregulating the ZjCKX5 expression. Overexpressing ZjWRKY23 or ZjWRKY40 in tomato led to much larger fruits and promoted plant architecture. Based on these results, a molecular framework for jujube fruit size regulation, namely, ZjWRKY-ZjCKX5 module, was proposed. This study provides a new insight into the molecular networks underlying fruit size regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Shasha Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Changfeng Ai
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Jiurui Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- City Administration of Zhongjie Industrial Park in Cangzhou Bohai New Area, Cangzhou, Hebei 061108, China
| | - Yong Li
- City Administration of Zhongjie Industrial Park in Cangzhou Bohai New Area, Cangzhou, Hebei 061108, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
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3
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Wang Y, Li J, Guo P, Liu Q, Ren S, Juan L, He J, Tan X, Yan J. Ectopic expression of Camellia oleifera Abel. gibberellin 20-oxidase gene increased plant height and promoted secondary cell walls deposition in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2023; 258:65. [PMID: 37566145 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Ectopic expression of Camellia oleifera Abel. gibberellin 20-oxidase 1 caused a taller phenotype, promoted secondary cell wall deposition, leaf enlargement, and early flowering, and reduced chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation and seed enlargement phenotype in Arabidopsis. Plant height and secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition are important plant traits. Gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in regulating plant height and SCWs deposition. Gibberellin 20-oxidase (GA20ox) is an important enzyme involved in GA biosynthesis. In the present study, we identified a GA synthesis gene in Camellia oleifera. The total length of the CoGA20ox1 gene sequence was 1146 bp, encoding 381 amino acids. Transgenic plants with CoGA20ox1 had a taller phenotype; a seed enlargement phenotype; promoted SCWs deposition, leaf enlargement, and early flowering; and reduced chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant ga20ox1-3 Arabidopsis partially rescued the phenotype of CoGA20ox1 overexpression plants. The results showed that CoGA20ox1 participates in the growth and development of C. oleifera. The morphological changes in CoGA20ox1 overexpressed plants provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of GA biosynthesis and analysis of the molecular mechanism in C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jian'an Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Purui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Lemei Juan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jiacheng He
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Jindong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education and the Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory Non-Wood Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, 410004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Economic Forest, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, 410004, China.
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Song S, Jin J, Li M, Kong D, Cao M, Wang X, Li Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Pang X, Bo W, Hao Q. The Key Metabolic Network and Genes Regulating the Fresh Fruit Texture of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Revealed via Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112087. [PMID: 37299066 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The texture of fresh jujube fruit is related to its popularity and commercial value. The metabolic networks and essential genes that regulate the texture of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) fruit are still unknown. In this study, two jujube cultivars with significantly different textures were selected by a texture analyzer. The four developmental stages of the exocarp and mesocarp of jujube fruit were studied separately using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Differentially accumulated metabolites were enriched in several critical pathways related to cell wall substance synthesis and metabolism. Transcriptome analysis confirmed this by finding enriched differential expression genes in these pathways. Combined analysis showed that 'Galactose metabolism' was the most overlapping pathway in two omics. Genes such as β-Gal, MYB and DOF may affect fruit texture by regulating cell wall substances. Overall, this study provides an essential reference for the establishment of texture-related metabolic and gene networks of jujube fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Juan Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Meiyu Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Decang Kong
- National Foundation for Improved Cultivar of Chinese Jujube, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Ming Cao
- National Foundation for Improved Cultivar of Chinese Jujube, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuexun Chen
- Bureau of Forestry of Aohan, Chifeng 028000, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Bureau of Forestry of Aohan, Chifeng 028000, China
| | - Xiaoming Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhao Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
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Niu N, Zhang Y, Li S, Meng X, Liu M, Wang H, Zhao J. Genome-wide characterization of the cellulose synthase gene family in Ziziphus jujuba reveals its function in cellulose biosynthesis during fruit development. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124360. [PMID: 37030464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
The cellulose synthase (Ces/Csl) is a key enzyme in plant cellulose synthesis. Jujube fruits are rich in cellulose. 29 ZjCesA/Csl genes were identified in jujube genome and showed tissue-specific expression. 13 genes highly expressed in jujube fruit exhibited obviously sequential expressions during the fruit development, indicating that they might play distinct roles during the process. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis showed the expressions of ZjCesA1 and ZjCslA1 were significant positive related to the cellulose synthase activities. Furthermore, transient overexpressions of ZjCesA1 or ZjCslA1 in jujube fruits significantly increased cellulose synthase activities and contents, whereas silencing of ZjCesA1 or ZjCslA1 in jujube seedlings obviously reduced cellulose levels. Moreover, the Y2H assays verified that ZjCesA1 and ZjCslA1 may participate in cellulose synthesis by forming protein complexes. The study not only reveals the bioinformatics characteristics and functions of cellulose synthase genes in jujube, but also provides clues for studying cellulose synthesis in other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazi Niu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shijia Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; School of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Huibin Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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Pan F, Zhao X, Liu F, Luo Z, Chen S, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Liu M, Wang L. Triterpenoids in Jujube: A Review of Composition, Content Diversity, Pharmacological Effects, Synthetic Pathway, and Variation during Domestication. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1501. [PMID: 37050126 PMCID: PMC10096698 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and its wild ancestor, sour jujube (Z. acidojujuba C.Y. Cheng & M.J. Liu), is a Ziziphus genus in the Rhamnaceae family. ZJ and ZA are rich in a variety of active ingredients, with triterpenoids being a unique active ingredient, which are present in the fruit, leaves, branches, and roots. More than 120 triterpenoids have been identified in ZJ and ZA, and have various biological activities. For example, betulinic and ursolic acids have anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities. ceanothic, alphitolic, and zizyberanalic acids possess anti-inflammatory activities. The MVA pathway is a synthetic pathway for triterpenoids in ZJ and ZA, and 23 genes of the MVA pathway are known to regulate triterpene synthesis in ZJ and ZA. In order to better understand the basic situation of triterpenoids in ZJ and ZA, this paper reviews the types, content dynamic changes, activities, pharmacokinetics, triterpenoid synthesis pathways, and the effects of domestication on triterpenoids in ZJ and ZA, and provides some ideas for the future research of triterpenoids in ZJ and ZA. In addition, there are many types of ZJ and ZA triterpenoids, and most of the studies on their activities are on lupane- and ursane-type triterpenes, while the activities of the ceanothane-type and saponin are less studied and need additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxu Pan
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Fawei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shuangjiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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7
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Lu D, Zhang L, Wu Y, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Liu P. An integrated metabolome and transcriptome approach reveals the fruit flavor and regulatory network during jujube fruit development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952698. [PMID: 36212371 PMCID: PMC9537746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fruit flavor is a key economic value attribute of jujube. Here we compared metabolomes and transcriptomes of "Mazao" (ST) and "Ping'anhuluzao" (HK) with unique flavors during fruit development. We identified 437 differential metabolites, mainly sugars, acids, and lipids. Fructose, glucose, mannose and citric acid, and malic acid are the determinants of sugar and acid taste of jujube fruit. Based on the transcriptome, 16,245 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were involved in "glucosyltransferase activity," "lipid binding," and "anion transmembrane transporter activity" processes. Both transcriptome and metabolome showed that developmental stages 2 and 3 were important transition periods for jujube maturation. Based on WGCNA and gene-metabolite correlation analysis, modules, and transcription factors (ZjHAP3, ZjTCP14, and ZjMYB78) highly related to sugar and acid were identified. Our results provide new insights into the mechanism of sugar and acid accumulation in jujube fruit and provide clues for the development of jujube with a unique flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongye Lu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Pan
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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8
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Lu D, Wu Y, Pan Q, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Bao W. Identification of key genes controlling L-ascorbic acid during Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit development by integrating transcriptome and metabolome analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950103. [PMID: 35991405 PMCID: PMC9386341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) is a vital economic tree native to China. Jujube fruit with abundant L-Ascorbic Acid (AsA) is an ideal material for studying the mechanism of AsA biosynthesis and metabolism. However, the key transcription factors regulating AsA anabolism in jujube have not been reported. Here, we used jujube variety "Mazao" as the experimental material, conducted an integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome to investigate changes in differential genes and metabolites, and find the key genes regulating AsA during jujube fruit growth. The results showed that AsA was mostly synthesized in the young stage and enlargement stage, ZjMDHAR gene takes an important part in the AsA recycling. Three gene networks/modules were highly correlated with AsA, among them, three genes were identified as candidates controlling AsA, including ZjERF17 (LOC107404975), ZjbZIP9 (LOC107406320), and ZjGBF4 (LOC107421670). These results provide new directions and insights for further study on the regulation mechanism of AsA in jujube.
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The Positive and Negative Synergistic Airflow-Type Jujube Fruit Harvester (P-N JH). Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low operation efficiency and poor working performance are the main reasons that restrict the application of pneumatic date pickers. In this study, it is proposed to use positive pressure air flow blowing and negative pressure air flow suction to pick jujube fruit and to use inertia air flow to remove impurities and design a positive and negative collaborative air flow type date fruit harvester (P-N JH). The second-order regression model of test factors and response indexes was established by using the central composite design method, and the operating performance of P-N JH was evaluated and comprehensively optimized, and the optimal combination of operating parameters was obtained: positive pressure wind speed, negative pressure wind speed, and travel speed were 16.8 m·s−1, 34.0 m·s−1, and 1.5 m·s−1, respectively. In addition, the verification test results show that the pickup rate, impurity rate, damage rate, and operating efficiency are 97.21%, 2.15%, 1.08%, and 2170 kg/h, respectively. The operating performance of P-N JH not only meets the requirements of jujube picking but also significantly improves the operating efficiency compared with the traditional air-suction jujube harvester. This study can provide theoretical and technical reference for the harvesting of air-suctioned dates; it also provides a new way of thinking for jujube fruit picking.
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