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Wang L, Doan PPT, Chuong NN, Lee HY, Kim JH, Kim J. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of age-, dark-, and salt-induced senescence reveals underlying mechanisms and key regulators of leaf senescence in Zoysia japonica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170808. [PMID: 37324695 PMCID: PMC10265201 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lawn grass Zoysia japonica is widely cultivated for its ornamental and recreational value. However, its green period is subject to shortening, which significantly decreases the economic value of Z. japonica, especially for large cultivations. Leaf senescence is a crucial biological and developmental process that significantly influences the lifespan of plants. Moreover, manipulation of this process can improve the economic value of Z. japonica by extending its greening period. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate early senescence responses triggered by age, dark, and salt. Gene set enrichment analysis results indicated that while distinct biological processes were involved in each type of senescence response, common processes were also enriched across all senescence responses. The identification and validation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR provided up- and down-regulated senescence markers for each senescence and putative senescence regulators that trigger common senescence pathways. Our findings revealed that the NAC, WRKY, bHLH, and ARF transcription factor (TF) groups are major senescence-associated TF families that may be required for the transcriptional regulation of DEGs during leaf senescence. In addition, we experimentally validated the senescence regulatory function of seven TFs including ZjNAP, ZjWRKY75, ZjARF2, ZjNAC1, ZjNAC083, ZjARF1, and ZjPIL5 using a protoplast-based senescence assay. This study provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying Z. japonica leaf senescence and identifies potential genetic resources for enhancing its economic value by prolonging its green period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanshuo Wang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Phan Phuong Thao Doan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Nguyen Chuong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Yeon Lee
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Xu H, Chang Q, Huang L, Wei P, Song Y, Guo Z, Peng YL, Fan J. An Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Expression Method for Functional Assay of Genes Promoting Disease in Monocots. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087636. [PMID: 37108797 PMCID: PMC10142106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression (AMTE) has been widely used for high-throughput assays of gene function in diverse plant species. However, its application in monocots is still limited due to low expression efficiency. Here, by using histochemical staining and a quantitative fluorescence assay of β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression, we investigated factors affecting the efficiency of AMTE on intact barley plants. We found prominent variation in GUS expression levels across diverse vectors commonly used for stable transformation and that the vector pCBEP produced the highest expression. Additionally, concurrent treatments of plants with one day of high humidity and two days of darkness following agro-infiltration also significantly increased GUS expression efficiency. We thus established an optimized method for efficient AMTE on barley and further demonstrated its efficiency on wheat and rice plants. We showed that this approach could produce enough proteins suitable for split-luciferase assays of protein-protein interactions on barley leaves. Moreover, we incorporated the AMTE protocol into the functional dissection of a complex biological process such as plant disease. Based on our previous research, we used the pCBEP vector to construct a full-length cDNA library of genes upregulated during the early stage of rice blast disease. A subsequent screen of the library by AMTE identified 15 candidate genes (out of ~2000 clones) promoting blast disease on barley plants. Four identified genes encode chloroplast-related proteins: OsNYC3, OsNUDX21, OsMRS2-9, and OsAk2. These genes were induced during rice blast disease; however, constitutive overexpression of these genes conferred enhanced disease susceptibility to Colletotrichum higginsianum in Arabidopsis. These observations highlight the power of the optimized AMTE approach on monocots as an effective tool for facilitating functional assays of genes mediating complex processes such as plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Xu
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingle Chang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luli Huang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peiyao Wei
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulu Song
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zejian Guo
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Fan
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang L, Shi X, Hou H, Lin Q, Zhu S, Wang G. 6-Benzyladenine Treatment Maintains Storage Quality of Chinese Flowering Cabbage by Inhibiting Chlorophyll Degradation and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:334. [PMID: 36679047 PMCID: PMC9865578 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) is widely used to regulate the growth of horticultural crops. However, it is not clear how postharvest treatment with 6-BA at various concentrations affects the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage. In this study, harvested Chinese flowering cabbage was foliar sprayed with 6-BA solution at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg·L-1. All 6-BA treatments protected the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage during storage, and the treatment with 20 and 40 mg·L-1 6-BA showed the most obvious effect. Treatment with 6-BA reduced leaf yellowing degree and weight loss rate; maintained high chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents; suppressed the declines in ascorbic acid and soluble protein; enhanced antioxidant capacity; and reduced oxidative damage in cabbage leaves. Furthermore, 6-BA treatment upregulated the expression of antioxidant genes and the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, while inhibiting the expression of senescence-related gene (BrSAG12) and chlorophyll catabolic genes (BrPAO, BrPPH, BrSGR1, BrNYC1, BrRCCR). These results suggest that postharvest 6-BA treatment enhances antioxidant capacity, delays leaf senescence, and inhibits chlorophyll degradation, thereby maintaining the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage during storage. The findings of this study provide a candidate method for preserving Chinese flowering cabbage after harvest.
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Guan J, Teng K, Yue Y, Guo Y, Liu L, Yin S, Han L. Zoysia japonica Chlorophyll b Reductase Gene NOL Participates in Chlorophyll Degradation and Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:906018. [PMID: 35599887 PMCID: PMC9121134 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.906018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of chlorophyll is of great significance to plant growth. The chlorophyll b reductase NOL (NYC1-like) is in charge of catalyzing the degradation of chlorophyll b and maintaining the stability of the photosystem. However, the molecular mechanisms of NOL-mediated chlorophyll degradation, senescence, and photosynthesis and its functions in other metabolic pathways remain unclear, especially in warm-season turfgrass. In this study, ZjNOL was cloned from Zoysia japonica. It is highly expressed in senescent leaves. Subcellular localization investigation showed ZjNOL is localized in the chloroplast and the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) results proved ZjNOL interacts with ZjNYC1 in vivo. ZjNOL promoted the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and carbohydrates, and the increase of SAG14 at the transcriptional level. ZjNOL simultaneously led to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activation of antioxidant enzymes, and the generation of oxidative stress, which in turn accelerated senescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence assay (JIP-test) analysis showed that ZjNOL inhibited photosynthetic efficiency mainly through damage to the oxygen-evolving complex. In total, these results suggest that ZjNOL promotes chlorophyll degradation and senescence and negatively affects the integrity and functionality of the photosystem. It could be a valuable candidate gene for genome editing to cultivate Z. japonica germplasm with prolonged green period and improved photosynthesis efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guan
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Teng
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesen Yue
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yidi Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxia Yin
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liebao Han
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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