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Ma X, Khan NU, Dai S, Qin N, Han Z, Guo B, Li J. Transcriptome analysis and identification of the low potassium stress-responsive gene SiSnRK2.6 in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:22. [PMID: 38227064 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The transcriptome is beneficial for dissecting the mechanism of millet in response to low potassium stress and SiSnRK2.6 was identified as a potential target for improving low potassium stress tolerance. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), which originated in China, has high nutrient utilization character. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of its tolerance to low potassium stress is largely unclear. In this research, the low potassium tolerant variety "Yugu28" was screened out by low potassium stress treatment, and the transcriptome of "Yugu28" under low potassium stress was comprehensively analyzed. A total of 4254 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1618 up-regulated and 2636 down-regulated genes, respectively. In addition, there were 302 transcription factor (TF) genes in the DEGs and MYB TFs accounted for the highest proportion, which was 14.9%. After functional analysis of all DEGs, a total of 7 genes involved in potassium transport and potassium ion channels and 50 genes corresponding to hormones were screened. The expression levels of randomly selected 17 DEGs were verified by qRT-PCR and the results coincided well with the RNA-seq analysis, indicating the reliability of our transcriptome data. Moreover, one of the ABA signaling pathway genes, SiSnRK2.6, was identified and selected for further functional verification. Compared with the wild type, transgenic rice with ecotopic expression of SiSnRK2.6 showed remarkably increased root length and root number, indicating that overexpression of SiSnRK2.6 can enhance the resistance of transgenic plants to low potassium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Najeeb Ullah Khan
- College of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shutao Dai
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Na Qin
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zanping Han
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Bing Guo
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Junxia Li
- Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Shen L, Xia X, Zhang L, Yang S, Yang X. Genome-Wide Identification of Catalase Gene Family and the Function of SmCAT4 in Eggplant Response to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16979. [PMID: 38069301 PMCID: PMC10706941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an important abiotic stress, damaging plant tissues by causing a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase (CAT) enzyme coded by Catalase (CAT) genes are potent in reducing harmful ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced. Herein, we performed bioinformatics and functional characterization of four SmCAT genes, retrieved from the eggplant genome database. Evolutionary analysis CAT genes revealed that they are divided into subgroups I and II. The RT-qPCR analysis of SmCAT displayed a differential expression pattern in response to abiotic stresses. All the CAT proteins of eggplant were localized in the peroxisome, except for SmCAT4, which localized in the cytomembrane and nucleus. Silencing of SmCAT4 compromised the tolerance of eggplant to salt stress. Suppressed expression levels of salt stress defense related genes SmTAS14 and SmDHN1, as well as increase of H2O2 content and decrease of CAT enzyme activity was observed in the SmCAT4 silenced eggplants. Our data provided insightful knowledge of CAT gene family in eggplant. Positive regulation of eggplant response to salinity by SmCAT4 provides resource for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.S.); (X.X.); (L.Z.); (S.Y.)
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Yang L, Wang X, Zhao F, Zhang X, Li W, Huang J, Pei X, Ren X, Liu Y, He K, Zhang F, Ma X, Yang D. Roles of S-Adenosylmethionine and Its Derivatives in Salt Tolerance of Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119517. [PMID: 37298464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that restricts cotton growth and affects fiber yield and quality. Although studies on salt tolerance have achieved great progress in cotton since the completion of cotton genome sequencing, knowledge about how cotton copes with salt stress is still scant. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) plays important roles in many organelles with the help of the SAM transporter, and it is also a synthetic precursor for substances such as ethylene (ET), polyamines (PAs), betaine, and lignin, which often accumulate in plants in response to stresses. This review focused on the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of ET and PAs. The current progress of ET and PAs in regulating plant growth and development under salt stress has been summarized. Moreover, we verified the function of a cotton SAM transporter and suggested that it can regulate salt stress response in cotton. At last, an improved regulatory pathway of ET and PAs under salt stress in cotton is proposed for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Fuyong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Junsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yangai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kunlun He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji 831100, China
| | - Daigang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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Ma X, Dai S, Qin N, Zhu C, Qin J, Li J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the SAUR gene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:31. [PMID: 36639742 PMCID: PMC9840322 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin performs important functions in plant growth and development processes, as well as abiotic stress. Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) is the largest gene family of auxin-responsive factors. However, the knowledge of the SAUR gene family in foxtail millet is largely obscure. RESULTS In the current study, 72 SiSAUR genes were identified and renamed according to their chromosomal distribution in the foxtail millet genome. These SiSAUR genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes and were classified into three groups through phylogenetic tree analysis. Most of the SiSAUR members from the same group showed similar gene structure and motif composition characteristics. Analysis of cis-acting elements showed that many hormone and stress response elements were identified in the promoter region of SiSAURs. Gene replication analysis revealed that many SiSAUR genes were derived from gene duplication events. We also found that the expression of 10 SiSAURs was induced by abiotic stress and exogenous hormones, which indicated that SiSAUR genes may participated in complex physiological processes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results will be valuable for further studies on the biological role of SAUR genes in foxtail development and response to stress conditions and may shed light on the improvement of the genetic breeding of foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shutao Dai
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Cereal Crops Institute, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Qin
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Cereal Crops Institute, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cancan Zhu
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Cereal Crops Institute, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafan Qin
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Sweet Potato and Millet Institute, , Luoyang, 471023, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Li
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Cereal Crops Institute, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Shen L, Zhao E, Liu R, Yang X. Transcriptome Analysis of Eggplant under Salt Stress: AP2/ERF Transcription Factor SmERF1 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2205. [PMID: 36079586 PMCID: PMC9460861 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress, a type of abiotic stress, impedes plant growth and development and strongly reduces crop yield. The molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to salt stress remain largely unclear. To characterize the enriched pathways and genes that were affected during salt treatment, we performed mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) in eggplant roots and identified 8509 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mock and 24 h under salt stress. Among these DEGs, we found that the AP2/ERF transcription factor family member SmERF1 belongs to the plant-pathogen interaction pathway, which was significantly upregulated by salt stress. We found that SmERF1 localizes in the nuclei with transcriptional activity. The results of the virus-induced gene silencing assay showed that SmERF1 silencing markedly enhanced the susceptibility of plants to salt stress, significantly downregulated the transcript expression levels of salt stress defense-related marker genes (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase [SmNCED1, SmNCED2], Dehydrin [SmDHN1], and Dehydrin (SmDHNX1), and reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Silencing SmERF1 promoted the generation of H2O2 and proline. In addition, the transient overexpression of SmERF1 triggered intense cell death in eggplant leaves, as assessed by the darker diaminobenzidine and trypan blue staining. These findings suggest that SmERF1 acts as a positive regulator of eggplant response to salt stress. Hence, our results suggest that AP2/ERF transcription factors play a vital role in the response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Enpeng Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruie Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Ankit A, Kamali S, Singh A. Genomic & structural diversity and functional role of potassium (K +) transport proteins in plants. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:844-857. [PMID: 35367275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and productivity. It is the most abundant cation in plants and is involved in various cellular processes. Variable K+ availability is sensed by plant roots, consequently K+ transport proteins are activated to optimize K+ uptake. In addition to K+ uptake and translocation these proteins are involved in other important physiological processes like transmembrane voltage regulation, polar auxin transport, maintenance of Na+/K+ ratio and stomata movement during abiotic stress responses. K+ transport proteins display tremendous genomic and structural diversity in plants. Their key structural features, such as transmembrane domains, N-terminal domains, C-terminal domains and loops determine their ability of K+ uptake and transport and thus, provide functional diversity. Most K+ transporters are regulated at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Genetic manipulation of key K+ transporters/channels could be a prominent strategy for improving K+ utilization efficiency (KUE) in plants. This review discusses the genomic and structural diversity of various K+ transport proteins in plants. Also, an update on the function of K+ transport proteins and their regulatory mechanism in response to variable K+ availability, in improving KUE, biotic and abiotic stresses is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ankit
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Li Z, Geng W, Tan M, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Peng Y. Differential Responses to Salt Stress in Four White Clover Genotypes Associated With Root Growth, Endogenous Polyamines Metabolism, and Sodium/Potassium Accumulation and Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:896436. [PMID: 35720567 PMCID: PMC9201400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Selection and utilization of salt-tolerant crops are essential strategies for mitigating salinity damage to crop productivity with increasing soil salinization worldwide. This study was conducted to identify salt-tolerant white clover (Trifolium repens) genotypes among 37 materials based on a comprehensive evaluation of five physiological parameters, namely, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), performance index on an absorption basis (PIABS), and leaf relative water content (RWC), and to further analyze the potential mechanism of salt tolerance associated with changes in growth, photosynthetic performance, endogenous polyamine metabolism, and Na+/K+ uptake and transport. The results showed that significant variations in salt tolerance were identified among 37 genotypes, as PI237292 and Tr005 were the top two genotypes with the highest salt tolerance, and PI251432 and Korla were the most salt-sensitive genotypes compared to other materials. The salt-tolerant PI237292 and Tr005 not only maintained significantly lower EL but also showed significantly better photosynthetic performance, higher leaf RWC, underground dry weight, and the root to shoot ratio than the salt-sensitive PI251432 and Korla under salt stress. Increases in endogenous PAs, putrescine (Put), and spermidine (Spd) contents could be key adaptive responses to salt stress in the PI237292 and the Tr005 through upregulating genes encoding Put and Spd biosynthesis (NCA, ADC, SAMDC, and SPDS2). For Na+ and K+ accumulation and transport, higher salt tolerance of the PI237292 could be associated with the maintenance of Na+ and Ca+ homeostasis associated with upregulations of NCLX and BTB/POZ. The K+ homeostasis-related genes (KEA2, HAK25, SKOR, POT2/8/11, TPK3/5, and AKT1/5) are differentially expressed among four genotypes under salt stress. However, the K+ level and K+/Na+ ratio were not completely consistent with the salt tolerance of the four genotypes. The regulatory function of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on salt tolerance in the white clover and other leguminous plants needs to be investigated further. The current findings also provide basic genotypes for molecular-based breeding for salt tolerance in white clover species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan Geng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Tan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Ling
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Liquan Zhang,
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Yan Peng,
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