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Wang L, He K, Hui C, Ratkowsky DA, Yao W, Lian M, Wang J, Shi P. Comparison of four performance models in quantifying the inequality of leaf and fruit size distribution. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11072. [PMID: 38435001 PMCID: PMC10905244 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The inequality in leaf and fruit size distribution per plant can be quantified using the Gini index, which is linked to the Lorenz curve depicting the cumulative proportion of leaf (or fruit) size against the cumulative proportion of the number of leaves (or fruits). Prior researches have predominantly employed empirical models-specifically the original performance equation (PE-1) and its generalized counterpart (GPE-1)-to fit rotated and right-shifted Lorenz curves. Notably, another potential performance equation (PE-2), capable of generating similar curves to PE-1, has been overlooked and not systematically compared with PE-1 and GPE-1. Furthermore, PE-2 has been extended into a generalized version (GPE-2). In the present study, we conducted a comparative analysis of these four performance equations, evaluating their applicability in describing Lorenz curves related to plant organ (leaf and fruit) size. Leaf area was measured on 240 culms of dwarf bamboo (Shibataea chinensis Nakai), and fruit volume was measured on 31 field muskmelon plants (Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud.). Across both datasets, the root-mean-square errors of all four performance models were consistently smaller than 0.05. Paired t-tests indicated that GPE-1 exhibited the lowest root-mean-square error and Akaike information criterion value among the four performance equations. However, PE-2 gave the best close-to-linear behavior based on relative curvature measures. This study presents a valuable tool for assessing the inequality of plant organ size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, College of ScienceNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ke He
- Architectural Design and Research InstituteShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Cang Hui
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical SciencesCape TownSouth Africa
| | - David A. Ratkowsky
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Weihao Yao
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Meng Lian
- Department of Applied Mathematics, College of ScienceNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Peijian Shi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, College of ScienceNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
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Liang Z, Liu T, Chen X, Xu W, Dong T, Liu Q, Xu X. Twigs of dove tree in high-latitude region tend to increase biomass accumulation in vegetative organs but decrease it in reproductive organs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1088955. [PMID: 36714716 PMCID: PMC9880204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1088955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive traits are an important dimension for studying the interactions between rare plants and environment. Although the endangered mechanism of rare plants has been reported in many studies, how their twigs adapt to heterogeneous environments associated with latitude is still poorly known. Dove tree (Davidia involucrata Baill.), a monotypic rare species in China, was employed as a model species in our study, and the differences in functional traits, growth relationships and resource allocation among components of annual twig were investigated in three latitudinal regions (32°19' N, 30°08' and 27°55') in the Sichuan, Southwest China. Compared with low- and middle-latitude regions, the twig diameter in high-latitude region decreased by 36% and 26%, and dry mass decreased by 32% and 35%, respectively. Moreover, there existed an allometric growth between flower mass and stem mass or leaf mass in high-latitude region but an isometric growth in low- and middle-latitude regions. At the flower level, an isometric growth between bract area and flower stalk mass was detected among in three latitudinal regions, and the flower stalk mass in the low-latitude region was higher than in the middle- and high-latitude regions for a given bract area and flower mass. At the leaf level, the growth rate of petiole mass was significantly higher than those of leaf area, lamina mass and leaf mass among three latitudinal regions, and the petiole mass in the low-latitude region was higher than in the other two regions for a given leaf mass. Our research demonstrated that the twigs of dove tree in high-latitude region tend to become smaller, and resource input increase in stems and leaves but decrease in flowers, which reflects that dove tree can adapt to the environmental changes across different latitudes by adjusting phenotypic traits growth and biomass allocation of twigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchuan Liang
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Scientific Research and Testing Unit, Sichuan Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve Protection Center, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingfa Dong
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinsong Liu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Maenpuen P, Katabuchi M, Onoda Y, Zhou C, Zhang JL, Chen YJ. Sources and consequences of mismatch between leaf disc and whole-leaf leaf mass per area (LMA). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1242-1250. [PMID: 35862826 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Leaf mass per area (LMA), which is an important functional trait in leaf economic spectrum and plant growth analysis, is measured from leaf discs or whole leaves. Differences between the measurement methods may lead to large differences in the estimates of LMA values. METHODS We examined to what extent estimates of LMA based on whole leaves match those based on discs using 334 woody species from a wide range of biomes (tropics, subtropics, savanna, and temperate), whether the relationship varied by leaf morphology (tissue density, leaf area, leaf thickness), punch size (0.6- and 1.0-cm diameter), and whether the extent of intraspecifc variation for each species matches. RESULTS Disc-based estimates of species mean LMA matched the whole-leaf estimates well, and whole-leaf LMA tended to be 9.69% higher than leaf-disc LMA. The ratio of whole-leaf LMA to leaf-disc LMA was higher for species with higher leaf tissue density and larger leaves, and variance in the ratio was greater for species with lower leaf tissue density and thinner leaves. Estimates based on small leaf discs also inflated the ratio. The extent of the intraspecific variation only weakly matched between whole-leaf and disc-based estimates (R2 = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that simple conversion between whole-leaf and leaf-disc LMA is difficult for species obtained with a small leaf punch, but it should be possible for species obtained with a large+ leaf punch. Accurately representing leaf traits will likely require careful selection between leaf-disc and whole-leaf traits depending on the objectives. Quantifying intraspecific variation using leaf discs should be also considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phisamai Maenpuen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Masatoshi Katabuchi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Cong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan, 6663300, China
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Zhang X, Feng Q, Cao J, Biswas A, Su H, Liu W, Qin Y, Zhu M. Response of leaf stoichiometry of Potentilla anserina to elevation in China's Qilian Mountains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941357. [PMID: 36226296 PMCID: PMC9549292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants adapt to changes in elevation by regulating their leaf ecological stoichiometry. Potentilla anserina L. that grows rapidly under poor or even bare soil conditions has become an important ground cover plant for ecological restoration. However, its leaf ecological stoichiometry has been given little attention, resulting in an insufficient understanding of its environmental adaptability and growth strategies. The objective of this study was to compare the leaf stoichiometry of P. anserina at different elevations (2,400, 2,600, 2,800, 3,000, 3,200, 3,500, and 3,800 m) in the middle eastern part of Qilian Mountains. With an increase in elevation, leaf carbon concentration [(C)leaf] significantly decreased, with the maximum value of 446.04 g·kg-1 (2,400 m) and the minimum value of 396.78 g·kg-1 (3,500 m). Leaf nitrogen concentration [(N)leaf] also increased with an increase in elevation, and its maximum and minimum values were 37.57 g·kg-1 (3,500 m) and 23.71 g·kg-1 (2,800 m), respectively. Leaf phosphorus concentration [(P)leaf] was the highest (2.79 g·kg-1) at 2,400 m and the lowest (0.91 g·kg-1) at 2,800 m. The [C]leaf/[N]leaf decreased with an increase in elevation, while [N]leaf/[P]leaf showed an opposite trend. The mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, soil pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus at different elevations mainly affected [C]leaf, [N]leaf, and [P]leaf. The growth of P. anserina in the study area was mainly limited by P, and this limitation was stronger with increased elevation. Progressively reducing P loss at high elevation is of great significance to the survival of P. anserina in this specific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Feng
| | - Jianjun Cao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Asim Biswas
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Haohai Su
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Qilian Mountains Eco-Environment Research Center in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Ma J, Niklas KJ, Liu L, Fang Z, Li Y, Shi P. Tree Size Influences Leaf Shape but Does Not Affect the Proportional Relationship Between Leaf Area and the Product of Length and Width. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850203. [PMID: 35755713 PMCID: PMC9221507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Montgomery equation predicts leaf area as the product of leaf length and width multiplied by a correction factor. It has been demonstrated to apply to a variety of leaf shapes. However, it is unknown whether tree size (measured as the diameter at breast height) affects leaf shape and size, or whether such variations in leaf shape can invalidate the Montgomery equation in calculating leaf area. Here, we examined 60 individual trees of the alpine oak (Quercus pannosa) in two growth patterns (trees growing from seeds vs. growing from roots), with 30 individuals for each site. Between 100 and 110 leaves from each tree were used to measure leaf dry mass, leaf area, length, and width, and to calculate the ellipticalness index, ratio of area between the two sides of the lamina, and the lamina centroid ratio. We tested whether tree size affects leaf shape, size, and leaf dry mass per unit area, and tested whether the Montgomery equation is valid for calculating leaf area of the leaves from different tree sizes. The diameters at breast height of the trees ranged from 8.6 to 96.4 cm (tree height ranged from 3 to 32 m). The diameter at breast height significantly affected leaf shape, size, and leaf dry mass per unit area. Larger trees had larger and broader leaves with lower leaf dry mass per unit area, and the lamina centroid was closer to the leaf apex than the leaf base. However, the variation in leaf size and shape did not negate the validity of the Montgomery equation. Thus, regardless of tree size, the proportional relationship between leaf area and the product of leaf length and width can be used to calculate the area of the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Ma
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Leyi Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhendong Fang
- Shangri-la Alpine Botanical Garden, Shangri-la, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijian Shi
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Shi,
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