1
|
Székely A, Gulyás Z, Balogh E, Payet R, Dalmay T, Kocsy G, Kalapos B. Identification of ascorbate- and salicylate-responsive miRNAs and verification of the spectral control of miR395 in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14070. [PMID: 38148221 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We assumed that miRNAs might regulate the physiological and biochemical processes in plants through their effects on the redox system and phytohormones. To check this hypothesis, the transcriptome profile of wild-type Arabidopsis and lines with decreased ascorbate (Asc), glutathione (GSH), or salicylate (Sal) levels were compared. GSH deficiency did not influence the miRNA expression, whereas lower levels of Asc and Sal reduced the accumulation of 9 and 44 miRNAs, respectively, but only four miRNAs were upregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that their over-represented target genes are associated with the synthesis of nitrogen-containing and aromatic compounds, nucleic acids, and sulphate assimilation. Among them, the sulphate reduction-related miR395 - ATP-sulfurylase couple was selected to check the assumed modulating role of the light spectrum. A greater induction of the Asc- and Sal-responsive miR395 was observed under sulphur starvation in far-red light compared to white and blue light in wild-type and GSH-deficient Arabidopsis lines. Sal deficiency inhibited the induction of miR395 by sulphur starvation in blue light, whereas Asc deficiency greatly reduced it independently of the spectrum. Interestingly, sulphur starvation decreased only the level of ATP sulfurylase 4 among the miR395 target genes in far-red light. The expression level of ATP sulfurylase 3 was higher in far-red light than in blue light in wild-type and Asc-deficient lines. The results indicate the coordinated control of miRNAs by the redox and hormonal system since 11 miRNAs were affected by both Asc and Sal deficiency. This process can be modulated by light spectrum, as shown for miR395.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Székely
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zsolt Gulyás
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Eszter Balogh
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Rocky Payet
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás Dalmay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kalapos
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Martonvásár, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Devi V, Bhushan B, Gupta M, Sethi M, Kaur C, Singh A, Singh V, Kumar R, Rakshit S, Chaudhary DP. Genetic and molecular understanding for the development of methionine-rich maize: a holistic approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1249230. [PMID: 37794928 PMCID: PMC10546030 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) is the most important coarse cereal utilized as a major energy source for animal feed and humans. However, maize grains are deficient in methionine, an essential amino acid required for proper growth and development. Synthetic methionine has been used in animal feed, which is costlier and leads to adverse health effects on end-users. Bio-fortification of maize for methionine is, therefore, the most sustainable and environmental friendly approach. The zein proteins are responsible for methionine deposition in the form of δ-zein, which are major seed storage proteins of maize kernel. The present review summarizes various aspects of methionine including its importance and requirement for different subjects, its role in animal growth and performance, regulation of methionine content in maize and its utilization in human food. This review gives insight into improvement strategies including the selection of natural high-methionine mutants, molecular modulation of maize seed storage proteins and target key enzymes for sulphur metabolism and its flux towards the methionine synthesis, expression of synthetic genes, modifying gene codon and promoters employing genetic engineering approaches to enhance its expression. The compiled information on methionine and essential amino acids linked Quantitative Trait Loci in maize and orthologs cereals will give insight into the hotspot-linked genomic regions across the diverse range of maize germplasm through meta-QTL studies. The detailed information about candidate genes will provide the opportunity to target specific regions for gene editing to enhance methionine content in maize. Overall, this review will be helpful for researchers to design appropriate strategies to develop high-methionine maize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Devi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mamta Gupta
- Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mehak Sethi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Alla Singh
- Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Division of Plant Breeding, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Breeding, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- Division of Plant Breeding, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam P. Chaudhary
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|