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Xie N, Guo Q, Li H, Yuan G, Gui Q, Xiao Y, Liao M, Yang L. Integrated transcriptomic and WGCNA analyses reveal candidate genes regulating mainly flavonoid biosynthesis in Litsea coreana var. sinensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:231. [PMID: 38561656 PMCID: PMC10985888 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Litsea coreana Levl. var. sinensis (Allen) Yang et P. H. Huang is a popular ethnic herb and beverage plant known for its high flavonoid content, which has been linked to a variety of pharmacological benefits and crucial health-promoting impacts in humans. The progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid accumulation in this plant has been hindered due to the deficiency of genomic and transcriptomic resources. We utilized a combination of Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing to generate a de novo hybrid transcriptome assembly. In total, 126,977 unigenes were characterized, out of which 107,977 were successfully annotated in seven public databases. Within the annotated unigenes, 3,781 were categorized into 58 transcription factor families. Furthermore, we investigated the presence of four valuable flavonoids-quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactoside, and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside in 98 samples, using high-performance liquid chromatography. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified two co-expression modules, MEpink and MEturquoise, that showed strong positive correlation with flavonoid content. Within these modules, four transcription factor genes (R2R3-MYB, NAC, WD40, and ARF) and four key enzyme-encoding genes (CHI, F3H, PAL, and C4H) emerged as potential hub genes. Among them, the R2R3-MYB (LcsMYB123) as a homologous gene to AtMYB123/TT2, was speculated to play a significant role in flavonol biosynthesis based on phylogenetic analysis. Our findings provided a theoretical foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis. Additionally, The hybrid transcriptome sequences will serve as a valuable molecular resource for the transcriptional annotation of L. coreana var. sinensis, which will contribute to the improvement of high-flavonoid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiqaing Guo
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Huie Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gangyi Yuan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qin Gui
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mengyun Liao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Huang Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Chen W, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng Y. Combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome provides insights into the fleshy stem expansion mechanism in stem lettuce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1101199. [PMID: 36589074 PMCID: PMC9798005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a stem variety of lettuce, the fleshy stem is the main product organ of stem lettuce. The molecular mechanism of fleshy stem expansion in stem lettuce is a complex biological process. In the study, the material accumulation, gene expression, and morphogenesis during fleshy stem expansion process were analyzed by the comparative analysis of metabolome, transcriptome and the anatomical studies. The anatomical studies showed that the occurrence and activity of vascular cambium mainly led to the development of fleshy stems; and the volume of pith cells gradually increased and arranged tightly during the expansion process. A total of 822 differential metabolites and 9,383 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, respectively. These changes significantly enriched in sugar synthesis, glycolysis, and plant hormone anabolism. The expression profiles of genes in the sugar metabolic pathway gradually increased in fleshy stem expansion process. But the sucrose content was the highest in the early stage of fleshy stem expansion, other sugars such as fructose and glucose content increased during fleshy stem expansion process. Plant hormones, including IAA, GA, CTK, and JA, depicted important roles at different stem expansion stages. A total of 1,805 DEGs were identified as transcription factors, such as MYB, bHLH, and bZIP, indicating that these transcription factor families might regulate the fleshy stems expansion in lettuce. In addition, the expression patterns identified by qRT-PCR were consistent with the expression abundance identified by the transcriptome data. The important genes and metabolites identified in the lettuce fleshy stem expansion process will provide important information for the further molecular mechanism study of lettuce fleshy stem growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Wanqin Chen
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Yangxia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Integrative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Response to MeJA in Camelliavietnamensis Huang. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169370. [PMID: 36012624 PMCID: PMC9409299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites widely found in plants, which perform various biological activities, such as antiinflammation, antioxidation, antitumor, and so on. Camellia vietnamensis Huang, a species of oil-tea Camellia tree, is an important woody oil crop species widely planted on Hainan Island, which provides health benefits with its high antioxidant activity and abundant flavonoid content. However, very little is known about the overall molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. vietnamensis Huang. In this study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is used as an inducer to change the content of secondary metabolites in C. vietnamensis. Then, the potential mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis in C. vietnamensis leaves in response to MeJA were analyzed by metabolomics and transcriptomics (RNA sequencing). The results showed that metabolome analysis detected 104 flavonoids and 74 fatty acyls which showed different expression patterns (increased or decreased expression). It was discovered by KEGG analysis that three differentially accumulated metabolites (cinnamaldehyde, kaempferol and quercitrin) were annotated in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940), flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941), and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis (ko00944) pathways. In the transcriptome analysis, 35 different genes involved in the synthesis of flavonoids were identified by MapMan analysis. The key genes (PAL, 4CL, CCR, CHI, CHS, C4H, FLS) that might be involved in the formation of flavonoid were highly expressed after 2 h of MeJA treatment. This study provides new insights and data supporting the molecular mechanism underlying the metabolism and synthesis of flavonoids in C. vietnamensis under MeJA treatment.
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