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Rosli R, Tennakoon KU, Metali F. Ecophysiological responses of native and introduced coastal tree species parasitized by Cassytha filiformis in Brunei. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:e70000. [PMID: 39045287 PMCID: PMC11261464 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.70000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Hemiparasitic Cassytha filiformis commonly infects native host (Dillenia suffruticosa and Melastoma malabathricum) and introduced host (Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium) species in threatened heath forests in Brunei. This study aims to investigate the impact of parasitism on the ecophysiology of these host species. This study addresses the research gap in understanding the ecophysiology of C. filiformis-host associations, particularly when native and introduced hosts were infected. We generated CO2 and light response curves to examine the effects of increasing CO2 and light levels of infected and uninfected hosts and examined gaseous exchange, mineral nutrients, and secondary bioactive compounds of host-parasite associations. Infected hosts were negatively impacted by C. filiformis as exhibited in the CO2 and light response curves, with C. filiformis-native host association performing better than introduced species. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic parameters between infected and uninfected hosts, except in D. suffruticosa. Certain nutrient contents showed significant differences, but total N, Ca, and K in uninfected hosts were similar to infected hosts. Total phenols and tannins were significantly higher in introduced hosts than native hosts. Our findings asserted that this hemiparasitic vine relies on both its photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient acquisition from its hosts. The parasitism did not significantly hinder the ecophysiological performance of infected hosts, suggesting a plausible co-existence between the hosts and C. filiformis. This study provides essential ecophysiological information for future research on how C. filiformis can establish itself without negatively impacting the co-habitating native hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanizah Rosli
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental ResearchUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam
| | - Kushan U. Tennakoon
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Future Regions Research CenterFederation University, Berwick CampusBerwickMelbourneAustralia
| | - Faizah Metali
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam
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Yu QF, Tan YH, Yu WB, Yang ST, Huang JP, Caraballo-Ortiz MA, Liu C, Song Y. Comparative analyses of eight complete plastid genomes of two hemiparasitic Cassytha vines in the family Lauraceae. Front Genet 2023; 14:1192170. [PMID: 38155711 PMCID: PMC10753772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1192170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassytha is the sole genus of hemiparasitic vines (ca. 20 spp.) belonging to the Cassytheae tribe of the Lauraceae family. It is extensively distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we determined the complete plastid genome sequences of C. filiformis and C. larsenii, which do not possess the typical quadripartite structure. The length of C. filiformis plastomes ranged from 114,215 to 114,618 bp, whereas that of C. larsenii plastomes ranged from 114,900 to 114,988 bp. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 1,013 mutation sites, four large intragenomic deletions, and five highly variable regions in the eight plastome sequences. Phylogenetic analyses based on 61 complete plastomes of Laurales species, 19 ITS sequences, and trnK barcodes from 91 individuals of Cassytha spp. confirmed a non-basal group comprising individuals of C. filiformis, C. larsenii, and C. pubescens in the family Lauraceae and proposed a sister relationship between C. filiformis and C. larsenii. Further morphological comparisons indicated that the presence or absence of hairs on the haustoria and the shape or size of fruits were useful traits for differentiating C. filiformis and C. larsenii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Fei Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Hong Tan
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Shi-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie-Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Liu ZF, Ci XQ, Zhang SF, Zhang XY, Zhang X, Dong LN, Conran JG, Li J. Diverse Host Spectrum and the Parasitic Process in the Pantropical Hemiparasite Cassytha filiformis L. (Lauraceae) in China. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Many hemiparasites attach to a range of different host species, resulting in complex parasite–host interactions. Comprehensive molecular phylogenies allow the investigation of evolutionary relationships between these host plants. We surveyed the hosts of the laurel dodder (Cassytha filiformis, Lauraceae) in China, representing 184 species from 146 genera, 67 families, and spanning flowering plants, conifers, and ferns, using host phylogenetic relationships to investigate the susceptibility to attack by this hemiparasitic plant among the vascular plants. The process of produced well-formed haustoria by C. filiformis was also observed in detail for six different hosts. Our results show that C. filiformis grows mainly on trees and shrubs from phylogenetically divergent members of the rosid and asterid eudicot clades, often attacking multiple adjacent hosts simultaneously, and forming extensive colonies. However, whether and to what extent transitions between C. filiformis and host plants occur remain unclear. Physiological evidence for the complex parasite–host species interactions need to be studied in the future.
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Review on Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of Cassytha filiformis. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Traditional medicine has a lot to give towards the world’s health, especially now that limits to conventional pharmacology has occurred. New scientific methodologies may spark a rebirth in global health research and development if rich and developing countries pooled their research capacities with inequitable collaborations. The Cassytha Filiformis has many medicinal uses. It is a parasite plant that has been used for medicinal purposes and other ornamental purposes in many parts of the world, and has found employment in Siddha, European, Ayurveda and Chinese folk medicine. In this review, the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological benefits of Cassytha filiformis are discussed.
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