Chen X, Hao R, Chen W, Jia H, Qin S, Wang Q, Zhang D, Han Z, Li Y. Effect of choline amino acid ionic liquids on maize seed germination and endogenous plant hormone levels.
RSC Adv 2024;
14:382-389. [PMID:
38188979 PMCID:
PMC10767900 DOI:
10.1039/d3ra07433a]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior research has established choline-based ionic liquids (ILs) as safe for various organisms. However, their impact on plants has been underexplored. To identify effective eco-friendly ILs, we synthesized seven choline amino acid ([Chl][AA]) ILs and analyzed their physiological influence on maize seed germination. In contrast to the traditionally used N-octyl pyridinium bromide IL, these seven [Chl][AA] ILs exhibited substantially lower toxicity. Moreover, within a broad treatment concentration range (10-100 mg L-1), these ILs notably enhanced maize germination indices and root and shoot growth. Specifically, treatment with 100 mg L-1 choline tryptophan resulted in a 21.2% increase in germination index compared to those of control maize. Compared to the control, the application of choline serine, choline aspartic acid, choline phenylalanine, and choline tryptophan at 100 mg L-1 led to respective increases of 23.9%, 21.5%, 22.5%, and 24.5% in maize shoot length. Analysis of endogenous hormones and free amino acid contents revealed elevated levels of growth-promoting plant hormones (gibberellic acid and zeatin) in maize shoot tips, as well as increased contents of major amino acids (glutamate, glycine, and arginine) following treatment with different [Chl][AA] ILs at 100 mg L-1. These findings indicate that [Chl][AA] holds promise for the development and application of novel low-toxicity ILs.
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