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Zhiponova M, Yordanova Z, Zaharieva A, Ivanova L, Gašić U, Mišić D, Aničić N, Skorić M, Petrović L, Rusanov K, Rusanova M, Mantovska D, Tsacheva I, Petrova D, Yocheva L, Hinkov A, Mihaylova N, Hristozkova M, Georgieva Z, Karcheva Z, Krumov N, Todorov D, Shishkova K, Vassileva V, Chaneva G, Kapchina-Toteva V. Cytokinins enhance the metabolic activity of in vitro-grown catmint (Nepeta nuda L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108884. [PMID: 38945096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormones cytokinins are essential mediators of developmental and environmental signaling, primarily during cell division and endophytic interactions, among other processes. Considering the limited understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that affect the growth and bioactivity of the medicinal plant Nepeta nuda (Lamiaceae), our study aimed to explore how cytokinins influence the plant's metabolic status. Exogenous administration of active cytokinin forms on in vitro N. nuda internodes stimulated intensive callus formation and de novo shoot regeneration, leading to a marked increase in biomass. This process involved an accumulation of oxidants, which were scavenged by peroxidases using phenolics as substrates. The callus tissue formed upon the addition of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) acted as a sink for sugars and phenolics during the allocation of nutrients between the culture medium and regenerated plants. In accordance, the cytokinin significantly enhanced the content of polar metabolites and their respective in vitro biological activities compared to untreated in vitro and wild-grown plants. The BAP-mediated accumulation of major phenolic metabolites, rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA), corresponded with variations in the expression levels of genes involved in their biosynthesis. In contrast, the accumulation of iridoids and the expression of corresponding biosynthetic genes were not significantly affected. In conclusion, our study elucidated the mechanism of cytokinin action in N. nuda in vitro culture and demonstrated its potential in stimulating the production of bioactive compounds. This knowledge could serve as a basis for further investigations of the environmental impact on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Zhiponova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Zhenya Yordanova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Anna Zaharieva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Lyubomira Ivanova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Neda Aničić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Luka Petrović
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Krasimir Rusanov
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Mila Rusanova
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Desislava Mantovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivanka Tsacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Detelina Petrova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Lyubomira Yocheva
- Department of Human Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Anton Hinkov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolina Mihaylova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Marieta Hristozkova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Zhaneta Georgieva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Zornitsa Karcheva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolay Krumov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Daniel Todorov
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Kalina Shishkova
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ganka Chaneva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Veneta Kapchina-Toteva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Petrović L, Skorić M, Šiler B, Banjanac T, Gašić U, Matekalo D, Lukić T, Nestorović Živković J, Dmitrović S, Aničić N, Milutinović M, Božunović J, Filipović B, Todorović M, Mišić D. Patterns of Genetic Variation of Nepeta nuda L. from the Central Balkans: Understanding Drivers of Chemical Diversity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1483. [PMID: 38891292 PMCID: PMC11174911 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Nepeta nuda L., a notable medicinal species in the tradition of the Balkan region, is a rich source of bioactive iridoids and phenolics previously described as high-resolution taxonomical classifiers for the genus Nepeta. However, their potential in investigating intra-species differentiation is here described for the first time. The aim was to recognize the sources of natural chemical diversity and their association with the genetic variability both within and among N. nuda populations in the Central Balkans. Chemical diversity was assessed from methanol extracts and essential oils through untargeted and targeted metabolomics using state-of-the-art analytical tools, covering a broad spectrum of compounds that represent the N. nuda metabolome. We found that chemodiversity primarily resides within populations of N. nuda, and similar results were obtained at the DNA level using microsatellite markers. The low genetic and chemical differentiation of the studied N. nuda populations implies that their metabolomic profiles may be less influenced by geographic distance and variable environmental conditions within the Central Balkans, as they are under the pivotal control of their genetic backgrounds. Screening the distribution of the major bioactive compounds belonging to phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and iridoids (both aglycones and glycosylated forms), within and among N. nuda populations, is able to guarantee mass spectrometry-based tools for the selection of elite representative genotypes with practical importance. The knowledge acquired will allow us to delve deeper into the molecular background of N. nuda chemical diversity, which is the course of our further work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (T.B.); (U.G.); (D.M.); (T.L.); (J.N.Ž.); (S.D.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Branislav Šiler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (T.B.); (U.G.); (D.M.); (T.L.); (J.N.Ž.); (S.D.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (M.T.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.P.); (T.B.); (U.G.); (D.M.); (T.L.); (J.N.Ž.); (S.D.); (N.A.); (M.M.); (J.B.); (B.F.); (M.T.)
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Aničić N, Matekalo D, Skorić M, Gašić U, Nestorović Živković J, Dmitrović S, Božunović J, Milutinović M, Petrović L, Dimitrijević M, Anđelković B, Mišić D. Functional iridoid synthases from iridoid producing and non-producing Nepeta species (subfam. Nepetoidae, fam. Lamiaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1211453. [PMID: 38235204 PMCID: PMC10792066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1211453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Iridoids, a class of atypical monoterpenes, exhibit exceptional diversity within the Nepeta genus (subfam. Nepetoidae, fam. Lamiaceae).The majority of these plants produce iridoids of the unique stereochemistry, with nepetalactones (NLs) predominating; however, a few Nepeta species lack these compounds. By comparatively analyzing metabolomics, transcriptomics, gene co-expression, and phylogenetic data of the iridoid-producing N. rtanjensis Diklić & Milojević and iridoid-lacking N. nervosa Royle & Bentham, we presumed that one of the factors responsible for the absence of these compounds in N. nervosa is iridoid synthase (ISY). Two orthologues of ISY were mined from leaves transcriptome of N. rtanjensis (NrPRISE1 and NrPRISE2), while in N. nervosa only one (NnPRISE) was identified, and it was phylogenetically closer to the representatives of the Family 1 isoforms, designated as P5βRs. Organ-specific and MeJA-elicited profiling of iridoid content and co-expression analysis of IBG candidates, highlighted NrPRISE2 and NnPRISE as promising candidates for ISY orthologues, and their function was confirmed using in vitro assays with recombinant proteins, after heterologous expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli and their His-tag affinity purification. NrPRISE2 demonstrated ISY activity both in vitro and likely in planta, which was supported by the 3D modeling and molecular docking analysis, thus reclassification of NrPRISE2 to NrISY is accordingly recommended. NnPRISE also displays in vitro ISY-like activity, while its role under in vivo conditions was not here unambiguously confirmed. Most probably under in vivo conditions the NnPRISE lacks substrates to act upon, as a result of the loss of function of some of the upstream enzymes of the iridoid pathway. Our ongoing work is conducted towards re-establishing the biosynthesis of iridoids in N. nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aničić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Matekalo
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nestorović Živković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Dmitrović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Božunović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Milutinović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luka Petrović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Dimitrijević
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Danijela Mišić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mantovska DI, Zhiponova MK, Petrova D, Alipieva K, Bonchev G, Boycheva I, Evstatieva Y, Nikolova D, Tsacheva I, Simova S, Yordanova ZP. Exploring the Phytochemical Composition and Biological Potential of Balkan Endemic Species Stachys scardica Griseb. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 38202340 PMCID: PMC10780532 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Stachys scardica Griseb. is a Balkan endemic species listed in The Red Data Book of Bulgaria with the conservation status "endangered". Successful micropropagation was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L benzyladenine (BA), followed by a subsequent ex vitro adaptation in an experimental field resulting in 92% regenerated plants. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside, leucosceptoside A), phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid), iridoids (allobetonicoside and 8-OAc-harpagide), and alkaloids (trigonelline) were identified, characteristic of plants belonging to the genus Stachys. High antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were observed in both in situ and ex vitro acclimated S. scardica plants, correlating with the reported high concentrations of total phenols and flavonoids in these variants. Ex vitro adapted plants also exhibited a well-defined anti-inflammatory potential, demonstrating high inhibitory activity against the complement system. Employing a disk diffusion method, a 100% inhibition effect was achieved compared to positive antibiotic controls against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, with moderate activity against Bacillus cereus. The induced in vitro and ex vitro model systems can enable the conservation of S. scardica in nature and offer future opportunities for the targeted biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava I. Mantovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria (M.K.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Miroslava K. Zhiponova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria (M.K.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Detelina Petrova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria (M.K.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Georgi Bonchev
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Irina Boycheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Yana Evstatieva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.)
| | - Dilyana Nikolova
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.)
| | - Ivanka Tsacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Zhenya P. Yordanova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria (M.K.Z.); (D.P.)
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Zaharieva A, Rusanov K, Rusanova M, Paunov M, Yordanova Z, Mantovska D, Tsacheva I, Petrova D, Mishev K, Dobrev PI, Lacek J, Filepová R, Zehirov G, Vassileva V, Mišić D, Motyka V, Chaneva G, Zhiponova M. Uncovering the Interrelation between Metabolite Profiles and Bioactivity of In Vitro- and Wild-Grown Catmint ( Nepeta nuda L.). Metabolites 2023; 13:1099. [PMID: 37887424 PMCID: PMC10609352 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nepeta nuda L. is a medicinal plant enriched with secondary metabolites serving to attract pollinators and deter herbivores. Phenolics and iridoids of N. nuda have been extensively investigated because of their beneficial impacts on human health. This study explores the chemical profiles of in vitro shoots and wild-grown N. nuda plants (flowers and leaves) through metabolomic analysis utilizing gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Initially, we examined the differences in the volatiles' composition in in vitro-cultivated shoots comparing them with flowers and leaves from plants growing in natural environment. The characteristic iridoid 4a-α,7-β,7a-α-nepetalactone was highly represented in shoots of in vitro plants and in flowers of plants from nature populations, whereas most of the monoterpenes were abundant in leaves of wild-grown plants. The known in vitro biological activities encompassing antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial potentials alongside the newly assessed anti-inflammatory effects exhibited consistent associations with the total content of phenolics, reducing sugars, and the identified metabolic profiles in polar (organic acids, amino acids, alcohols, sugars, phenolics) and non-polar (fatty acids, alkanes, sterols) fractions. Phytohormonal levels were also quantified to infer the regulatory pathways governing phytochemical production. The overall dataset highlighted compounds with the potential to contribute to N. nuda bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zaharieva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.M.); (D.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Krasimir Rusanov
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.R.)
| | - Mila Rusanova
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.R.)
| | - Momchil Paunov
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Zhenya Yordanova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.M.); (D.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Desislava Mantovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.M.); (D.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Ivanka Tsacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Detelina Petrova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.M.); (D.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Kiril Mishev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.M.); (G.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Petre I. Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha, Czech Republic; (P.I.D.); (J.L.); (R.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha, Czech Republic; (P.I.D.); (J.L.); (R.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha, Czech Republic; (P.I.D.); (J.L.); (R.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Grigor Zehirov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.M.); (G.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.M.); (G.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Václav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha, Czech Republic; (P.I.D.); (J.L.); (R.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Ganka Chaneva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.M.); (D.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Miroslava Zhiponova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.M.); (D.P.); (G.C.)
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Alimpić Aradski A, Oalđe Pavlović M, Janošević D, Todorović S, Gašić U, Mišić D, Pljevljakušić D, Šavikin K, Marin PD, Giweli A, Duletić-Laušević S. Leaves micromorphology, chemical profile, and bioactivity of in vitro-propagated Nepeta cyrenaica (Lamiaceae). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:661-679. [PMID: 37387322 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The endemic species Nepeta cyrenaica Quézel & Zaffran, native to northeastern Libya, is valued as an important honey-bearing plant. OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to examine the micromorphology, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of in vitro-propagated N. cyrenaica for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaf indumentum was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy and further characterised for histochemistry. The chemical composition of essential oil (EO) was performed using GC-MS analysis, while dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (ME), ethanol (ET), and aqueous (AQ) extracts were analysed using qualitative and quantitative LC/MS analyses. The antioxidant activities of EO and extracts were assessed using three parallel assays, while enzyme-inhibiting effects were evaluated against four enzymes. RESULTS The leaves bear various types of glandular trichomes, with lipophilic secretion predominating. The main EO component of EO was 1,8-cineole. A considerable number of phenolics and iridoids were tentatively identified in the ME extract. Quantitative LC/MS analysis confirmed that ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate were present in the highest amount in the extracts, in which three iridoids were also quantified. Although the ME extract contained the highest amount of polyphenolics and iridoids, the DCM extract showed the best overall biological potential. Additionally, EO exerted the strongest acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the endemic N. cyrenaica can be efficiently grown under in vitro conditions, where it develops various glandular trichomes that are thought to secrete and/or accumulate bioactive compounds with valuable medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alimpić Aradski
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mariana Oalđe Pavlović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušica Janošević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Todorović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Pljevljakušić
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar D Marin
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Abdulhmid Giweli
- Faculty of Science, University of Al-Zintan, Zintan, Libya
- National Research Center for Tropical and Transboundary Diseases, Zintan, Libya
| | - Sonja Duletić-Laušević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Chaneva G, Tomov A, Paunov M, Hristova V, Ganeva V, Mihaylova N, Anev S, Krumov N, Yordanova Z, Tsenov B, Vassileva V, Bonchev G, Zhiponova M. Jewel Orchid's Biology and Physiological Response to Aquaponic Water as a Potential Fertilizer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3181. [PMID: 36432909 PMCID: PMC9699339 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ludisia discolor is commonly known as a jewel orchid due to its variegated leaves. Easy maintenance of the orchid allows it to be used as a test system for various fertilizers and nutrient sources, including aquaponic water (AW). First, we applied DNA barcoding to assess the taxonomic identity of this terrestrial orchid and to construct phylogenetic trees. Next, the vegetative organs (leaf, stem, and root) were compared in terms of the level of metabolites (reducing sugars, proteins, anthocyanins, plastid pigments, phenolics, and antioxidant activity) and nutrient elements (carbon, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium), which highlighted the leaves as most functionally active organ. Subsequently, AW was used as a natural source of fish-derived nutrients, and the orchid growth was tested in hydroponics, in irrigated soil, and in an aquaponic system. Plant physiological status was evaluated by analyzing leaf anatomy and measuring chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. These results provided evidence of the beneficial effects of AW on the jewel orchid, including increased leaf formation, enhanced chlorophyll content and photosystems' productivity, and stimulated and prolonged flowering. The information acquired in the present study could be used in addressing additional aspects of the growth and development of the jewel orchid, which is also known for its medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganka Chaneva
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Tomov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Momchil Paunov
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Viktoria Hristova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valentina Ganeva
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolina Mihaylova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetoslav Anev
- Department of Dendrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Krumov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zhenya Yordanova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boris Tsenov
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Bonchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Zhiponova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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