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Zhang Q, Chu X, Gao Z, Ding Y, Que F, Ahmad Z, Yu F, Ramakrishnan M, Wei Q. Culm Morphological Analysis in Moso Bamboo Reveals the Negative Regulation of Internode Diameter and Thickness by Monthly Precipitation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1484. [PMID: 38891293 PMCID: PMC11175016 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The neglect of Moso bamboo's phenotype variations hinders its broader utilization, despite its high economic value globally. Thus, this study investigated the morphological variations of 16 Moso bamboo populations. The analysis revealed the culm heights ranging from 9.67 m to 17.5 m, with average heights under the first branch ranging from 4.91 m to 7.67 m. The total internode numbers under the first branch varied from 17 to 36, with internode lengths spanning 2.9 cm to 46.4 cm, diameters ranging from 5.10 cm to 17.2 cm, and wall thicknesses from 3.20 mm to 33.3 mm, indicating distinct attributes among the populations. Furthermore, strong positive correlations were observed between the internode diameter, thickness, length, and volume. The coefficient of variation of height under the first branch showed strong positive correlations with several parameters, indicating variability in their contribution to the total culm height. A regression analysis revealed patterns of covariation among the culm parameters, highlighting their influence on the culm height and structural characteristics. Both the diameter and thickness significantly contribute to the internode volume and culm height, and the culm parameters tend to either increase or decrease together, influencing the culm height. Moreover, this study also identified a significant negative correlation between monthly precipitation and the internode diameter and thickness, especially during December and January, impacting the primary thickening growth and, consequently, the internode size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Xue Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yulong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Feng Que
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zishan Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Fen Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Qiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.D.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Bamboo Germplasm Resources and Utilization, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang 330045, China;
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Xue H, Qin R, Liu Y, Yuan L, Li G. An aggregated understanding of the influence of aqueous ammonia pretreatment on the physical deconstruction of cell walls in sugar beet pulp. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1427-1435. [PMID: 37490146 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The underlying interplay between physicochemical property and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose still remains unclear. The impacts of matrix glycan composition of sugar beet pulp (SBP) on physical structure and saccharification efficiency were emphasized. The results showed that aqueous ammonia (AA) pretreatment could remove the non-cellulosic polysaccharides and destroy the linkage between the pectin and lignin. The cellulose supramolecule was changed significantly after AA pretreatment, in terms of the decline in hardness, gumminess, springiness, thickness and degree of polymerization. Furthermore, vascular cell was exposed and degraded. The highest reducing sugar yield of 355.06 mg/g was obtained from the pretreated SBP (80 °C) with enzyme loading of 30 U/g, which was 1.01 times higher than that of the untreated SBP. This research also supported the idea that recognizing and precisely removing the primary epitopes in cell walls might be an ideal strategy to accomplish the improved enzymatic hydrolysis through mild pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, People's Republic of China
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010070, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Qin
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Li
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng S, Shin K, Lin W, Wang W, Yang X. Identification and Characterization of PRE Genes in Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086886. [PMID: 37108050 PMCID: PMC10138968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/HLH transcription factors are involved in various aspects of the growth and development of plants. Here, we identified four HLH genes, PePRE1-4, in moso bamboo plants that are homologous to Arabidopsis PRE genes. In bamboo seedlings, PePRE1/3 were found to be highly expressed in the internode and lamina joint by using quantitative RT-PCR analysis. In the elongating internode of bamboo shoots, PePRE genes are expressed at higher levels in the basal segment than in the mature top segment. Overexpression of PePREs (PePREs-OX) in Arabidopsis showed longer petioles and hypocotyls, as well as earlier flowering. PePRE1 overexpression restored the phenotype due to the deficiency of AtPRE genes caused by artificial micro-RNA. PePRE1-OX plants showed hypersensitivity to propiconazole treatment compared with the wild type. In addition, PePRE1/3 but not PePRE2/4 proteins accumulated as punctate structures in the cytosol, which was disrupted by the vesicle recycling inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA). PePRE genes have a positive function in the internode elongation of moso bamboo shoots, and overexpression of PePREs genes promotes flowering and growth in Arabidopsis. Our findings provided new insights about the fast-growing mechanism of bamboo shoots and the application of PRE genes from bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Zheng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kihye Shin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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