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Montagnoli A, Hudak AT, Raumonen P, Lasserre B, Terzaghi M, Silva CA, Bright BC, Vierling LA, de Vasconcellos BN, Chiatante D, Dumroese RK. Terrestrial laser scanning and low magnetic field digitization yield similar architectural coarse root traits for 32-year-old Pinus ponderosa trees. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:102. [PMID: 38982502 PMCID: PMC11232291 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how trees develop their root systems is crucial for the comprehension of how wildland and urban forest ecosystems plastically respond to disturbances such as harvest, fire, and climate change. The interplay between the endogenously determined root traits and the response to environmental stimuli results in tree adaptations to biotic and abiotic factors, influencing stability, carbon allocation, and nutrient uptake. Combining the three-dimensional structure of the root system, with root morphological trait information promotes a robust understanding of root function and adaptation plasticity. Low Magnetic Field Digitization coupled with AMAPmod (botAnique et Modelisation de l'Architecture des Plantes) software has been the best-performing method for describing root system architecture and providing reliable measurements of coarse root traits, but the pace and scale of data collection remain difficult. Instrumentation and applications related to Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) have advanced appreciably, and when coupled with Quantitative Structure Models (QSM), have shown some potential toward robust measurements of tree root systems. Here we compare, we believe for the first time, these two methodologies by analyzing the root system of 32-year-old Pinus ponderosa trees. RESULTS In general, at the total root system level and by root-order class, both methods yielded comparable values for the root traits volume, length, and number. QSM for each root trait was highly sensitive to the root size (i.e., input parameter PatchDiam) and models were optimized when discrete PatchDiam ranges were specified for each trait. When examining roots in the four cardinal direction sectors, we observed differences between methodologies for length and number depending on root order but not volume. CONCLUSIONS We believe that TLS and QSM could facilitate rapid data collection, perhaps in situ, while providing quantitative accuracy, especially at the total root system level. If more detailed measures of root system architecture are desired, a TLS method would benefit from additional scans at differing perspectives, avoiding gravitational displacement to the extent possible, while subsampling roots by hand to calibrate and validate QSM models. Despite some unresolved logistical challenges, our results suggest that future use of TLS may hold promise for quantifying tree root system architecture in a rapid, replicable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Montagnoli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Andrew T Hudak
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Pasi Raumonen
- Computing Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bruno Lasserre
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Mattia Terzaghi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlos A Silva
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin C Bright
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Lee A Vierling
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, University Federal of Parana, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Donato Chiatante
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - R Kasten Dumroese
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, USA
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Dimitrova A, Balzano A, Tsedensodnom E, Byambadorj SO, Nyam-Osor B, Scippa GS, Merela M, Chiatante D, Montagnoli A. The adaptability of Ulmus pumila and the sensitivity of Populus sibirica to semi-arid steppe is reflected in the stem and root vascular cambium and anatomical wood traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393245. [PMID: 38933456 PMCID: PMC11202817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Afforestation success is measured by the tree establishment and growth capacity which contribute to a range of ecosystem services. In the Mongolian steppe, Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila have been tested as candidate species for large afforestation programs, by analyzing their response to a combination of irrigation and fertilization treatments. While in temperate and Mediterranean forest ecosystems, xylogenetic studies provide insight into the trees' plasticity and adaptability, this type of knowledge is non-existent in semi-arid regions, whose climatic features are expected to become a global issue. Furthermore, in general, a comparison between the stem and root response is scarce or absent. In the present study, we show that the anatomical traits of the vascular cambium and the xylem, from stem and root microcores, reflect the previously noted dependence of P. sibirica from irrigation - as they proportionally increase and the higher adaptability of U. pumila to drought - due to the reduced impact across all five characteristics. As the first wood anatomy study of these species in semiarid areas, future research is urgently needed, as it could be a tool for quicker understanding of species' suitability under expected to be exacerbated semi-arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazija Dimitrova
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
- Department of Seed Science and Forest Stands, Hans Em Faculty of Forest Sciences, Landscape Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Angela Balzano
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Enkhchimeg Tsedensodnom
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Laboratory of Silviculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Batkhuu Nyam-Osor
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Maks Merela
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Donato Chiatante
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Botany, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Montagnoli
- Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Botany, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Byambadorj SO, Hernandez JO, Lkhagvasuren S, Erma G, Sharavdorj K, Park BB, Nyam-Osor B. Leaf morpho-physiological traits of Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila in different irrigation regimes and fertilizer types. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16107. [PMID: 37790615 PMCID: PMC10544310 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impacts of climate change, such as increased soil dryness and nutrient deficiency, highlight the need for environmentally sustainable restoration of forests and groundwater resources. However, it is important to consider that extensive afforestation efforts may lead to a depletion of groundwater supply due to higher evapotranspiration rates, exacerbating water scarcity issues. Consequently, we conducted a study to examine how the fast-growing tree species Populus sibirica (Horth ex Tausch) and Ulmus pumila (L.) respond morpho-physiologically to varying watering regimes and types of fertilizers, aiming to better understand their specific water and nutrient requirements. Methods We used two-year-old nursery-growth seedlings (N = 512) of P. sibirica and U. pumila with initial root collar diameter (RCD) and the height of 0.51 ± 0.02 mm and 68 ± 2.94 cm and 0.33 ± 0.01 mm and 51 ± 1.14 cm, respectively. The leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll fluorescence, and predawn and midday leaf water potential were measured across treatments. Four different irrigation regimes and two different fertilizer types were applied: no irrigation (control, 0 L h-1), 2 L h-1 = 0.25 mm m-2, 4 L h-1 = 0.5 mm m-2, 8 L h-1 = 1.0 mm m-2 and 120 g and 500 g tree-1 of NPK and compost (COMP). Twelve plots (600 m2) were established in the study site for each species and treatments. Results During the first growing season (2021), the LA of P. sibirica was larger in the 4-8 L h-1 without fertilizer, but it was smaller in the 4 L h-1+ COMP during the second growing season (2022). The 2 L h-1 without fertilizer and 2 L h-1 + NPK had larger LA compared with the control (CONT) for the first and second growing seasons, respectively, for U. pumila. P. sibirica seedlings at 4 L h-1 without fertilizer had the highest SLA for 2021 and at 2 L h-1 + NPK for 2022, whereas CONT and 4 L h-1 had the highest SLA than the other treatments for 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, respectively, for U. pumila. The chlorophyll concentration of P. sibirica seedlings in the first year was generally higher in CONT, while the 2 L h-1 without any fertilizer yielded a significantly higher chlorophyll concentration of U. pumila. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (PIABS and Fm) were generally lower in CONT with/without NPK or COMP for both species. The CONT with NPK/COMP generally had a higher gs compared with the other treatments in both experimental periods for U. pumila, whereas CONT and 2 L h-1+ NPK-treated P. sibirica seedlings had a significantly greater gs during the first year and second year, respectively. The predawn and midday leaf water potentials of both species were generally the lowest in CONT, followed by 2 L h-1+ NPK/COMP during the first growing season, but a different pattern was observed during the second growing season. Overall, the morpho-physiological traits of the two species were affected by watering and fertilizer treatments, and the magnitude of the effects varied depending on growing season, amount of irrigation, and fertilizer type, and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, South Korea
| | - Jonathan Ogayon Hernandez
- Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Sarangua Lkhagvasuren
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ge Erma
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Khulan Sharavdorj
- Crop Ecology Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, South Korea
| | - Byung Bae Park
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, South Korea
| | - Batkhuu Nyam-Osor
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Oliva G, Vigliotta G, Terzaghi M, Guarino F, Cicatelli A, Montagnoli A, Castiglione S. Counteracting action of Bacillus stratosphericus and Staphylococcus succinus strains against deleterious salt effects on Zea mays L. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171980. [PMID: 37303788 PMCID: PMC10248413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The salinization of soil is the process of progressive accumulation of salts such as sulfates, sodium, or chlorides into the soil. The increased level of salt has significant effects on glycophyte plants, such as rice, maize, and wheat, which are staple foods for the world's population. Consequently, it is important to develop biotechnologies that improve crops and clean up the soil. Among other remediation methods, there is an environmentally friendly approach to ameliorate the cultivation of glycophyte plants in saline soil, namely, the use of microorganisms tolerant to salt with growth-promoting features. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve plant growth by colonizing their roots and playing a vital role in helping plants to establish and grow in nutrient-deficient conditions. Our research aimed to test in vivo halotolerant PGPR, isolated and characterized in vitro in a previous study conducted in our laboratory, inoculating them on maize seedlings to improve their growth in the presence of sodium chloride. The bacterial inoculation was performed using the seed-coating method, and the produced effects were evaluated by morphometric analysis, quantization of ion contents (sodium, potassium), produced biomass, both for epigeal (shoot) and hypogeal (root) organs, and by measuring salt-induced oxidative damage. The results showed an increase in biomass and sodium tolerance and even a reduction of oxidative stress in seedlings pretreated with a PGPR bacterial consortium (Staphylococcus succinus + Bacillus stratosphericus) over the control. Moreover, we observed that salt reduces growth and alters root system traits of maize seedlings, while bacterial treatment improves plant growth and partially restores the root architecture system in saline stress conditions. Therefore, the PGPR seed-coating or seedling treatment could be an effective strategy to enhance sustainable agriculture in saline soils due to the protection of the plants from their inhibitory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Oliva
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Mattia Terzaghi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Montagnoli
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Castiglione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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