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Girotto OS, Furlan OO, Moretti Junior RC, Goulart RDA, Baldi Junior E, Barbalho-Lamas C, Fornari Laurindo L, Barbalho SM. Effects of apples ( Malus domestica) and their derivatives on metabolic conditions related to inflammation and oxidative stress and an overview of by-products use in food processing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-32. [PMID: 39049560 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2372690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) is the third most produced fruit worldwide. It is a well-known source of bioactive compounds mainly represented by hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, dehydroascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and phloridzin. Due to the lack of a recent evaluation of the clinical trials associated with apple consumption, this review investigated the effects of this fruit on metabolic conditions related to inflammation and oxidative stress and reviewed the applications of apple waste on food products. Thirty-three studies showed that apples or its derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, improve blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and reduce cardiovascular risks. Apples have a great economic impact due to its several applications in the food industry and as a food supplement since it has impressive nutritional value. Dietary fiber from the fruit pomace can be used as a substitute for fat in food products or as an improver of fiber content in meat products. It can also be used in bakery and confectionary products or be fermented to produce alcohol. Pomace phytocompounds can also be isolated and applied as antioxidants in food products. The potential for the use of apples and by-products in the food industry can reduce environmental damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio Simões Girotto
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Otávio Oliveira Furlan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar Baldi Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Barbalho-Lamas
- Department of Gerontology, School of Gerontology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil
- School of Food and Technonolgy of Marilia (FATEC), São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang L, Wang L, Peng Z, Fei X, Wei H. Editorial: Molecular mechanisms of fruit quality formation in fruit trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1413866. [PMID: 38784061 PMCID: PMC11112109 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1413866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ze Peng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xitong Fei
- College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hairong Wei
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
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Keller-Przybylkowicz S, Oskiera M, Liu X, Song L, Zhao L, Du X, Kruczynska D, Walencik A, Kowara N, Bartoszewski G. Transcriptome Analysis of White- and Red-Fleshed Apple Fruits Uncovered Novel Genes Related to the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1778. [PMID: 38339057 PMCID: PMC10855924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The red flesh coloration of apples is a result of a biochemical pathway involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins. Based on apple genome analysis, a high number of regulatory genes, mainly transcription factors such as MYB, which are components of regulatory complex MYB-bHLH-WD40, and several structural genes (PAL, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, have been identified. In this study, we investigated novel genes related to the red-flesh apple phenotype. These genes could be deemed molecular markers for the early selection of new apple cultivars. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis of apples with different fruit-flesh coloration, we successfully identified and characterized ten potential genes from the plant hormone transduction pathway of auxin (GH3); cytokinins (B-ARR); gibberellins (DELLA); abscisic acid (SnRK2 and ABF); brassinosteroids (BRI1, BZR1 and TCH4); jasmonic acid (MYC2); and salicylic acid (NPR1). An analysis of expression profiles was performed in immature and ripe fruits of red-fleshed cultivars. We have uncovered genes mediating the regulation of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid signaling and described their role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, accumulation, and degradation. The presented results underline the relationship between genes from the hormone signal transduction pathway and UFGT genes, which are directly responsible for anthocyanin color transformation as well as anthocyanin accumulation during apple-fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Keller-Przybylkowicz
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3-go Maja, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.O.); (A.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Michal Oskiera
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3-go Maja, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.O.); (A.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Gangechengxida Street No 26, Fushan District, Yantai 265500, China; (X.L.); (L.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Laiqing Song
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Gangechengxida Street No 26, Fushan District, Yantai 265500, China; (X.L.); (L.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Gangechengxida Street No 26, Fushan District, Yantai 265500, China; (X.L.); (L.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaoyun Du
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Gangechengxida Street No 26, Fushan District, Yantai 265500, China; (X.L.); (L.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Dorota Kruczynska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3-go Maja, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.O.); (A.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Walencik
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3-go Maja, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.O.); (A.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Norbert Kowara
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3-go Maja, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (M.O.); (A.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Bartoszewski
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Grabska J, Beć KB, Ueno N, Huck CW. Analyzing the Quality Parameters of Apples by Spectroscopy from Vis/NIR to NIR Region: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101946. [PMID: 37238763 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic methods deliver a valuable non-destructive analytical tool that provides simultaneous qualitative and quantitative characterization of various samples. Apples belong to the world's most consumed crops and with the current challenges of climate change and human impacts on the environment, maintaining high-quality apple production has become critical. This review comprehensively analyzes the application of spectroscopy in near-infrared (NIR) and visible (Vis) regions, which not only show particular potential in evaluating the quality parameters of apples but also in optimizing their production and supply routines. This includes the assessment of the external and internal characteristics such as color, size, shape, surface defects, soluble solids content (SSC), total titratable acidity (TA), firmness, starch pattern index (SPI), total dry matter concentration (DM), and nutritional value. The review also summarizes various techniques and approaches used in Vis/NIR studies of apples, such as authenticity, origin, identification, adulteration, and quality control. Optical sensors and associated methods offer a wide suite of solutions readily addressing the main needs of the industry in practical routines as well, e.g., efficient sorting and grading of apples based on sweetness and other quality parameters, facilitating quality control throughout the production and supply chain. This review also evaluates ongoing development trends in the application of handheld and portable instruments operating in the Vis/NIR and NIR spectral regions for apple quality control. The use of these technologies can enhance apple crop quality, maintain competitiveness, and meet the demands of consumers, making them a crucial topic in the apple industry. The focal point of this review is placed on the literature published in the last five years, with the exceptions of seminal works that have played a critical role in shaping the field or representative studies that highlight the progress made in specific areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Grabska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Krzysztof B Beć
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nami Ueno
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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