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Hagen M, Dass R, Westhues C, Blom J, Schultheiss SJ, Patz S. Interpretable machine learning decodes soil microbiome's response to drought stress. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 38812054 PMCID: PMC11138018 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme weather events induced by climate change, particularly droughts, have detrimental consequences for crop yields and food security. Concurrently, these conditions provoke substantial changes in the soil bacterial microbiota and affect plant health. Early recognition of soil affected by drought enables farmers to implement appropriate agricultural management practices. In this context, interpretable machine learning holds immense potential for drought stress classification of soil based on marker taxa. RESULTS This study demonstrates that the 16S rRNA-based metagenomic approach of Differential Abundance Analysis methods and machine learning-based Shapley Additive Explanation values provide similar information. They exhibit their potential as complementary approaches for identifying marker taxa and investigating their enrichment or depletion under drought stress in grass lineages. Additionally, the Random Forest Classifier trained on a diverse range of relative abundance data from the soil bacterial micobiome of various plant species achieves a high accuracy of 92.3 % at the genus rank for drought stress prediction. It demonstrates its generalization capacity for the lineages tested. CONCLUSIONS In the detection of drought stress in soil bacterial microbiota, this study emphasizes the potential of an optimized and generalized location-based ML classifier. By identifying marker taxa, this approach holds promising implications for microbe-assisted plant breeding programs and contributes to the development of sustainable agriculture practices. These findings are crucial for preserving global food security in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hagen
- Computomics GmbH, Eisenbahnstraße 1, 72072, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Rupashree Dass
- Computomics GmbH, Eisenbahnstraße 1, 72072, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Cathy Westhues
- Computomics GmbH, Eisenbahnstraße 1, 72072, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35390, Gießen, Hesse, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Patz
- Computomics GmbH, Eisenbahnstraße 1, 72072, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Luo S, Ye L, Wang C, Wang X, Tian C, Sun Y. Analysis and Functional Prediction of Core Bacteria in the Arabidopsis Rhizosphere Microbiome under Drought Stress. Microorganisms 2024; 12:790. [PMID: 38674734 PMCID: PMC11052302 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of global warming, population growth, and economic development are increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, such as drought. Among abiotic stresses, drought has the greatest impact on soil biological activity and crop yields. The rhizosphere microbiota, which represents a second gene pool for plants, may help alleviate the effects of drought on crops. In order to investigate the structure and diversity of the bacterial communities on drought stress, this study analyzed the differences in the bacterial communities by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatical analyses in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana under normal and drought conditions. Based on analysis of α and β diversity, the results showed that drought stress had no significant effect on species diversity between groups, but affected species composition. Difference analysis of the treatments showed that the bacteria with positive responses to drought stress were Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia (BCP) and Streptomyces. Drought stress reduced the complexity of the rhizosphere bacterial co-occurrence network. Streptomyces was at the core of the network in both the control and drought treatments, whereas the enrichment of BCP under drought conditions was likely due to a decrease in competitors. Functional prediction showed that the core bacteria metabolized a wide range of carbohydrates, such as pentose, glycans, and aromatic compounds. Our results provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the use of rhizosphere microbial communities to alleviate plant drought stress and the further exploration of rhizosphere microbial interactions under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil, Conservation College of Life Science, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Hengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil, Conservation College of Life Science, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Shouyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.L.); (C.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Libo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil, Conservation College of Life Science, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Changji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.L.); (C.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil, Conservation College of Life Science, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.L.); (C.W.); (C.T.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.L.); (C.W.); (C.T.)
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Jiang M, Dong C, Bian W, Zhang W, Wang Y. Effects of different fertilization practices on maize yield, soil nutrients, soil moisture, and water use efficiency in northern China based on a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6480. [PMID: 38499586 PMCID: PMC10948899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of fertilizer to ensure the steady improvement of crop yield has become the main means of agricultural production. However, it remains to be determined whether fertilization practices with different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic (O) fertilizers play a positive role in the sustainability of maize yield and the soil in which it is grown. Therefore,this meta-analysis extracted 2663 data points from 76 studies to systematically analyze and explore the effects of different fertilization measures on maize yield, soil nutrients, water content and water use efficiency (WUE) in northern China. Articles addressing this topic showed that fertilization effectively increased the soil nutrient content and maize yield. The soil organic matter (SOM) increased by 2.36 (N)-55.38% (NPO), total nitrogen content increased by 6.10 (N)-56.39% (NPO), available phosphorus content increased by 17.12 (N)-474.74% (NPO), and available potassium content changed by - 2.90 (NP)-64.40% (NPO). Soil moisture increased by 3.59% under a single organic fertilizer application and decreased by 4.27-13.40% under the other treatments. Compared with no fertilization, the yield increase of fertilized maize reached 11.65-220.42%. NP, NPK and NPKO contributed the most to increased yield in lithological, black and fluvo-aquic soils, respectively. The effects of different fertilization practices on maize yield varied in response to the same meteorological factors. The WUE increased from 9.51 to 160.72%. In conclusion, rational fertilization can improve the soil nutrient content and increase maize yield. The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizer showed the greatest increase in yield and WUE. Organic fertilizer application alone increased soil moisture. Our results provide a theoretical basis for fertilizer application and for improving the soil structure for maize cultivation in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Jiang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenpeng Bian
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenbei Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Liang J, Chen Y, Tang X, Lu Y, Yu J, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Ji H, Li Y, Wu P, Liu Y, Wang L, Huang C, He B, Lin W, Guo L. Comprehensive Evaluation of Appreciation of Rhododendron Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:558. [PMID: 38498535 PMCID: PMC10893439 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Qinting Lake Park has effectively imported Rhododendron varieties from Zhejiang Province. The analytic hierarchy process was employed to devise an evaluation framework to evaluate the ornamental and adaptive features of these species. Subsequently, we conducted a standardized evaluation of 24 species for their ornamental and adaptive traits under controlled cultivation conditions. The findings indicated that the percentage of ornamental flowers in the first-level index was significantly greater than the other two factors, indicating that the ornamental value of flowers was the most important in the evaluation of Rhododendron ornamental value. Among the secondary indicators, the proportion of flower color and flower weight was significantly higher than that of other factors, which had the greatest impact on the evaluation results. The 24 Rhododendron species were classified into two grades based on their ornamental value, as determined by index weights and scoring standards. Rhododendron 'Xueqing', Rhododendron 'Big Qinglian', and Rhododendron 'Jinyang No. 9' exhibited superior ornamental value and demonstrated more favorable suitability for garden applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (X.T.); (P.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (X.T.); (P.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xuexiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (X.T.); (P.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yin Lu
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Jinghui Yu
- College of Plant protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zongbo Wang
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Zetian Zhang
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Hao Ji
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Yu Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Purui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (X.T.); (P.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (X.T.); (P.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ling Wang
- Fuzhou Qinting Lake Park, Fuzhou 350012, China;
| | | | - Bizhu He
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Plant protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Lijin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plant, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (Y.C.); (X.T.); (P.W.); (Y.L.)
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.J.)
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Cheng H, Wan Z, Xu Y, Shen J, Li X, Jin S. Transcriptome and photosynthetic analyses provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in Rhododendron × pulchrum Sweet. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad133. [PMID: 37930230 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhododendron species provide excellent ornamental use worldwide, yet heat stress (HS) is one of the major threats to their cultivation. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying the photochemical and transcriptional regulations associated with the heat stress response in Rhododendron remain relatively unexplored. In this study, the analyses of morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) kinetics showed that HS (40 °C/35 °C) had a notable impact on both the donor's and acceptor's sides of photosystem II (PSII), resulting in reduced PSII activity and electron transfer capacity. The gradual recovery of plants observed following a 5-day period of culture under normal conditions indicates the reversible nature of the HS impact on Rhododendron × pulchrum. Analysis of transcriptome data unveiled noteworthy trends: four genes associated with photosynthesis-antenna protein synthesis (LHCb1, LHCb2 and LHCb3) and the antioxidant system (glutamate-cysteine ligase) experienced significant down-regulation in the leaves of R. × pulchrum during HS. Conversely, aseorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase TAU 8 demonstrated an up-regulated pattern. Furthermore, six down-regulated genes (phos-phoenolpyruvate carboxylase 4, sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase 2, high cyclic electron flow 1, beta glucosidase 32 and starch synthase 2) and two up-regulated genes (beta glucosidase 2 and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2) implicated in photosynthetic carbon fixation and starch/sucrose metabolism were identified during the recovery process. To augment these insights, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis yielded a co-expression network, pinpointing the hub genes correlated with ChlF dynamics' variation trends. The cumulative results showed that HS inhibited the synthesis of photosynthesis-antenna proteins in R. × pulchrum leaves. This disruption subsequently led to diminished photochemical activities in both PSII and PSI, albeit with PSI exhibiting heightened thermostability. Depending on the regulation of the reactive oxygen species scavenging system and heat dissipation, photoprotection sustained the recoverability of R. × pulchrum to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefeng Cheng
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Ziyun Wan
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Jianshuang Shen
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- Hangzhou Animation & Game College, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Life Science and Health, Huzhou College , Huzhou 313000, China
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Zhou C, Wu S, Li C, Quan W, Wang A. Response Mechanisms of Woody Plants to High-Temperature Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3643. [PMID: 37896106 PMCID: PMC10610489 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature stress is the main environmental stress that restricts the growth and development of woody plants, and the growth and development of woody plants are affected by high-temperature stress. The influence of high temperature on woody plants varies with the degree and duration of the high temperature and the species of woody plants. Woody plants have the mechanism of adapting to high temperature, and the mechanism for activating tolerance in woody plants mainly counteracts the biochemical and physiological changes induced by stress by regulating osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant enzyme activities and transcription control factors. Under high-temperature stress, woody plants ability to perceive high-temperature stimuli and initiate the appropriate physiological, biochemical and genomic changes is the key to determining the survival of woody plants. The gene expression induced by high-temperature stress also greatly improves tolerance. Changes in the morphological structure, physiology, biochemistry and genomics of woody plants are usually used as indicators of high-temperature tolerance. In this paper, the effects of high-temperature stress on seed germination, plant morphology and anatomical structure characteristics, physiological and biochemical indicators, genomics and other aspects of woody plants are reviewed, which provides a reference for the study of the heat-tolerance mechanism of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Shengjiang Wu
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China;
| | - Chaochan Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenxuan Quan
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Anping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; (C.Z.); (C.L.)
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Wang S, Zhou T, Zhao H, Zhang K, Cui J. Temporal and spatial changes in rhizosphere bacterial diversity of mountain Rhododendron mucronulatum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1201274. [PMID: 37415822 PMCID: PMC10321304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1201274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To better conserve the ecology of the wild Rhododendron mucronulatum range, we studied the rhizosphere microenvironment of R. mucronulatum in Beijing's Yunmeng Mountain National Forest Park. R. mucronulatum rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities changed significantly with temporal and elevational gradients. The correlations between soil water content (SWC), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter content (OM), total nitrogen content (TN), catalase activity (CAT), sucrose-converting enzyme activity (INV), and urease activity (URE) were significant and positive in the flowering and deciduous periods. The alpha diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community was significantly higher in the flowering period than in the deciduous period, and the effect of elevation was insignificant. The diversity of the R. mucronulatum rhizosphere bacterial community changed significantly with the change in the growing period. A network analysis of the correlations revealed stronger linkages between the rhizosphere bacterial communities in the deciduous period than in the flowering period. Rhizomicrobium was the dominant genus in both periods, but its relative abundance decreased in the deciduous period. Changes in the relative abundance of Rhizomicrobium may be the main factor influencing the changes in the R. mucronulatum rhizosphere bacterial community. Moreover, the R. mucronulatum rhizosphere bacterial community and soil characteristics were significantly correlated. Additionally, the influence of soil physicochemical properties on the rhizosphere bacterial community was larger than that of enzyme activity on the bacterial community. We mainly analyzed the change patterns in the rhizosphere soil properties and rhizosphere bacterial diversity of R. mucronulatum during temporal and spatial variation, laying the foundation for further understanding of the ecology of wild R. mucronulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hewen Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinteng Cui
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Ancient Tree Health and Culture Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Lin W, Liu L, Liang J, Tang X, Shi J, Zhang L, Wu P, Lan S, Wang S, Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhao Y, Chen X, Wu B, Guo L. Changes of endophytic microbial community in Rhododendron simsii roots under heat stress and its correlation with leaf physiological indicators. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1006686. [PMID: 36466690 PMCID: PMC9712210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1006686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The response mechanism of Rhododendron simsii and its endophytic microorganism to heat stress is still unclear. Methods The light incubator was used to set the temperature gradients, and the control (CK) was (day/night: 14/10 h) 25/22°C, the moderate-heat-stress (MHS) was 35/30°C and the high-heat-stress (HHS) was 40/35°C. Results Compared with CK, MHS significantly increased the contents of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, proline, and soluble sugar, as well as the activities of catalase and peroxidase in leaf, while HHS increased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, and decreased chlorophyll content. Compared with CK, MHS reduced soil available nitrogen (N) content. Both heat stress changed the endophytic microbial community structure in roots. MHS enriched Pezicula and Paracoccus, while HHS significantly enriched Acidothermus and Haliangium. The abundance of Pezicula positively correlated with the contents of chlorophyll a and proline in leaf, and negatively correlated with soil ammonium N content. The abundance of Pezicula and Haliangium positively correlated with soluble sugar and malondialdehyde contents, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that root endophytic microorganisms play an important role in helping Rhododendron resisting heat stress, mainly by regulating soil N content and plant physiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jincheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuexiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Purui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Binghua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education/College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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