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Yang H, Chen L, Xiong R, Zeng Y, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Yang T. Experimental Warming Increased Cooked Rice Stickiness and Rice Thermal Stability in Three Major Chinese Rice Cropping Systems. Foods 2024; 13:1605. [PMID: 38890834 PMCID: PMC11171534 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is a critical environmental issue affecting rice production. However, its effects on cooked rice texture and rice thermal properties remain unstudied in China. To address this gap, we conducted a two-year multi-site field warming experiment using free-air temperature increase facilities across three major Chinese rice cropping systems. Interestingly, warming had a minimal impact on the hardness of cooked rice, while it significantly increased stickiness by an average of 16.3% under warming conditions. Moreover, compared to control treatments, rice flour exhibited a significant increase in gelatinization enthalpy, onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures under warming conditions, with average increments of 8.7%, 1.00 °C, 1.05 °C, and 1.17 °C, respectively. In addition, warming significantly declined the amylose content, remarkedly elevated the protein content and relative crystallinity, and altered the weight distribution of the debranched starch. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between cooked rice stickiness, rice flour thermal properties, amylose content, protein content, and partial starch structures. Therefore, warming-induced alterations in rice composition and starch structure collectively enhanced cooked rice stickiness and rice thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The China Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen 333400, China
| | - Ruoyu Xiong
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Taotao Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wu W, Zhang TT, You LL, Wang ZY, Du SQ, Song HY, Wang ZH, Huang YJ, Liao JL. The QTL and Candidate Genes Regulating the Early Tillering Vigor Traits of Late-Season Rice in Double-Cropping Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1497. [PMID: 38338776 PMCID: PMC10855346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice effective panicle is a major trait for grain yield and is affected by both the genetic tiller numbers and the early tillering vigor (ETV) traits to survive environmental adversities. The mechanism behind tiller bud formation has been well described, while the genes and the molecular mechanism underlying rice-regulating ETV traits are unclear. In this study, the candidate genes in regulating ETV traits have been sought by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and bulk-segregation analysis by resequencing method (BSA-seq) conjoint analysis using rice backcross inbred line (BIL) populations, which were cultivated as late-season rice of double-cropping rice systems. By QTL mapping, seven QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, and 9, with the logarithm of the odds (LOD) values ranging from 3.52 to 7.57 and explained 3.23% to 12.98% of the observed phenotypic variance. By BSA-seq analysis, seven QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 9 were identified using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertions/deletions (InDel) index algorithm and Euclidean distance (ED) algorithm. The overlapping QTL resulting from QTL mapping and BSA-seq analysis was shown in a 1.39 Mb interval on chromosome 4. In the overlap interval, six genes, including the functional unknown genes Os04g0455650, Os04g0470901, Os04g0500600, and ethylene-insensitive 3 (Os04g0456900), sialyltransferase family domain containing protein (Os04g0506800), and ATOZI1 (Os04g0497300), showed the differential expression between ETV rice lines and late tillering vigor (LTV) rice lines and have a missense base mutation in the genomic DNA sequences of the parents. We speculate that the six genes are the candidate genes regulating the ETV trait in rice, which provides a research basis for revealing the molecular mechanism behind the ETV traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
| | - Li-Li You
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
| | - Si-Qi Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
| | - Hai-Yan Song
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zao-Hai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ying-Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanchang 330045, China; (W.W.); (H.-Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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