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Zhou JS, Xu HK, Drucker M, Ng JCK. Adaptation of feeding behaviors on two Brassica species by colonizing and noncolonizing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) NW whiteflies. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 39225033 PMCID: PMC11369500 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci New World (NW) (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a whitefly in the B. tabaci species complex, is polyphagous on many plant species. Yet, it has been displaced, albeit not entirely, by other whitefly species. Potential causes could include issues with adaptation, feeding, and the colonization of new-hosts; however, insights that would help clarify these possibilities are lacking. Here, we sought to address these gaps by performing electropenetrography (EPG) recordings of NW whiteflies, designated "Napus" and "Rapa," reared on 2 colony hosts, Brassica napus and B. rapa, respectively. Analysis of 17 probing and pathway (pw) phase-related EPG variables revealed that the whiteflies exhibited unique probing behaviors on their respective colony hosts, with some deterrence being encountered on B. rapa. Upon switching to B. rapa and B. napus, the probing patterns of Napus and Rapa whiteflies, respectively, adapted quickly to these new-hosts to resemble that of whiteflies feeding on their colony hosts. Results for 3 of the EPG variables suggested that B. rapa's deterrence against Napus whitefly was significant prior to the phloem phase. This also suggested that adaptation by Rapa whitefly improved its pw probing on B. rapa. Based on analysis of 24 phloem phase-related EPG variables, Napus and Rapa whiteflies performed equally well once they entered phloem phase and exhibited comparable phloem acceptability on both the colony- and new-hosts. These findings demonstrate that NW whiteflies reared on a colony host are highly adaptable to feeding on a new host despite encountering some deterrence during the nonphloem phases in B. rapa plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Huaying Karen Xu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Martin Drucker
- Virus Vector Interactions, UMR 1131 SVQV, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
| | - James C K Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Naalden D, Dermauw W, Ilias A, Baggerman G, Mastop M, Silven JJM, van Kleeff PJM, Dangol S, Gaertner NF, Roseboom W, Kwaaitaal M, Kramer G, van den Burg HA, Vontas J, Van Leeuwen T, Kant MR, Schuurink RC. Interaction of Whitefly Effector G4 with Tomato Proteins Impacts Whitefly Performance. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:98-111. [PMID: 38051229 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-23-0045-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci is an important pest, responsible for the transmission of several crop-threatening virus species. While feeding, the insect secretes a cocktail of effectors to modulate plant defense responses. Here, we present a set of proteins identified in an artificial diet on which B. tabaci was salivating. We subsequently studied whether these candidate effectors can play a role in plant immune suppression. Effector G4 was the most robust suppressor of an induced- reactive oxygen species (ROS) response in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, G4 was able to suppress ROS production in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Capsicum annuum (pepper). G4 localized predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum in N. benthamiana leaves and colocalized with two identified target proteins in tomato: REF-like stress related protein 1 (RSP1) and meloidogyne-induced giant cell protein DB141 (MIPDB141). Silencing of MIPDB141 in tomato reduced whitefly fecundity up to 40%, demonstrating that the protein is involved in susceptibility to B. tabaci. Together, our data demonstrate that effector G4 impairs tomato immunity to whiteflies by interfering with ROS production and via an interaction with tomato susceptibility protein MIPDB141. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Naalden
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Marieke Mastop
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette J M Silven
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula J M van Kleeff
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarmina Dangol
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Frédéric Gaertner
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winfried Roseboom
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Kwaaitaal
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Kramer
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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